OBJECTIVE To investigate(meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus MRSA) the antibiotics resistance and curative effect of herbal Tanreqing-injection combined with vancomycin in the treatment of MRSA pneumonia.METHODS All data of microbiology about sputum culture between 2001-2007 were statistically analyzed with a retrospective method in a hospital,in order to understand the MRSA prevalence trends and their resistance.From 100 cases of MRSA pneumonia,50 cases were treated by vancomycin alone,another 50 cases were treated by Tanreqing injection plus vancomycin.RESULTS There were 3082 MRSA strains and 162(meticillin-sensitive S.aureus MSSA) strains in 3244 S.aureus strains;nosocomial infection cases accounted for 78.07% in MRSA-positive sputum samples;MRSA wasn't resistant to vancomycin,but resistant to other antibiotics.Resistance rates had a significant difference between MRSA and MSSA(P

Objective:To investigate the role of phosphatase PP2CB in the innate immunity against RNA virus and the underlying mechanism.Methods:PP2CB expression in macrophages was silenced with the specific siRNA.The mRNA and protein expression level of type Ⅰ interferon was detected by Q-PCR and ELISA respectively.The phosphorylation level of TBK1 and IRF3 was analyzed by Western blot.Results:RNA virus VSV infection led to the expression change of PP2CB.Overexpression of PP2CB dose-dependently inhibited the activation of IFN-β reporter gene.PP2CB silencing by PP2CB siRNA significantly promoted the production of type Ⅰ interferon triggered by RNA virus VSV or SeV,and inhibited the replication of VSV in macrophages.Furthermore,PP2CB bound TBK1 upon RNA virus infection.PP2CB silencing up-regulated the phosphorylation level of TBK1 and IRF3.Conclusion:Upon RNA virus VSV or SeV infection,phosphatase PP2CB binds TBK1 and inhibits its phosphorylation to negatively regulate the activation of the antiviral innate immune signal pathway,which consequently suppresses the production of type Ⅰ interferon triggered by RNA virus VSV or SeV.

Objective To investigate the effect of body weight on the induction of mild hypothermia in a rabbit model of asphyxia cardiac arrest. Methods Twenty-four rabbits were randomized into two groups: the ice bag group and the intravenous 4℃ saline group. Cardiac arrest was induced and after 3 minutes of cardiac arrest, cardiopulmonary resuscitation was begun. Simultaneously, mild hypothermia was induced by putting an ice bag over the abdomen or infusion of 4℃ saline via an ear vein. A 2℃ decrease of rectal temperature was considered as the completion of hypothermia induction. Induction times were recorded, compared, and analyzed with respect to body weight. Results All rabbits had restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and ROSC lasted during the experiment. Induction time in the ice bag group was significantly shorter than that in the intravenous 4℃ saline group (22.8±4.7 min VS 42.5±4.0 min, P< 0.001). Induction time significantly correlated with body weight in the ice bag group (Pearson Correlation: r = 0.725, P = 0.029), but not in the intravenous 4℃ saline group (Pearson Correlation: P = 0.418). Conclusions In a rabbit model, induction of mild hypothermia with an ice bag is faster than with intravenous 4℃ saline; induction time positively correlates with body weight when an ice bag is used, but not when intravenous 4℃ saline used. The effect of body weight should be considered when choosing an appropriate method to achieve early induction of mild hypothermia.

The gammac cytokines play an important role in proliferation and survival of T cells. Blocking the gammac signals can cause the activated donor-reactive T cells losing the ability to proliferate, and getting into apoptosis pathway, which contributes to induction of the peripheral tolerance. In this study, we induced the transplant tolerance through blocking the gammac in combination with donor-specific transfusion (DST) in the cardiac transplantation. Following DST, on the day 2, 4 and 6, C57BL/6 recipients received anti-gammac monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) injection, and those in control group were not given anti-gammac mAbs. On the day 7, Balb/c cardiac allografts were transplanted. All recipients in experimental group accepted cardiac allografts over 30 days, and two of them accepted allografts without rejection until sacrifice on the 120 day. Animals only receiving DST rejected grafts within 5 days, and the mice receiving cardiac transplantation alone rejected grafts within 9 days. Our study showed that blockade of gammac signaling combined with DST significantly prolonged allograft survival, which was probably associated with inhibition of antigen-specific T-cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of staged treatment of complex tibial plateau fractures with temporary transarticular external fixation and delayed plate fixation.Methods Enrolled in this study were 44 cases of complex tibial plateau fracture who had been treated from January 2011 to January 2014.Temporary transarticular external fixation and delayed plate fixation was adopted in 22 patients (observation group),involving 14 men and 8 women with an average age of 45.5 ± 11.4 years,and 10 left sides and 12 right sides.By the Schatzker classification,13 cases were type Ⅴ and 9 type Ⅵ.Calcaneal traction and plate fixation was adopted in the other 22 patients (control group),involving 13 men and 9 women with an average age of 43.8 ± 10.4 years,and 8 left sides and 14 right sides.By the Schatzker classification,12 cases were type Ⅴ and l0 type Ⅵ.The 2 groups were evaluated by the time from hospitalization to plate fixation,operation time,intra-operative bleeding volume,hospitalization time,healing time,complications and Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) scoring at the final follow-ups.The 2 groups were compatible with no significant differences regarding the preoperative general data (P ＞ 0.05).Results The 44 patients were followed up for 12 to 30 months (mean,18.6 months).There were significant differences between the 2 groups in the time from hospitalization to plate fixation,operation time,intra-operative bleeding volume and hospitalization time (P ＜ 0.05).There was also a significant difference in the complications rate (4.5％ (1/22) for the observation group versus 27.3％ (6/22) for the control group) (P ＜ 0.05),but there was no significant difference in the good to excellent rate by HSS scoring [86.3％ (19/22) versus 81.8％ (18/22)] (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Although both methods can treat complex tibial plateau fractures,temporary transarticular external fixation and delayed plate fixation may be preferable because it can lead to decreased hospitalization time,less intra-operative bleeding volume,fewer surgical complications and good functional recovery of the knee.

Objective:To investigate the effect of HLA-DRB1*07,13 allelic genes on the immune response to hepatitis B vaccination.Methods:896 healthy college students of Han nationality from Guangxi province,who had received standard courses of vaccination with recombinant hepatitis B virus vaccine,were tested the level of anti-HBs with ELISA method at the sixth month after their last vaccination.The non- or hypo-responders were selected to receive another 20 μg doses of recombinant vaccine and were examined anti-HBs once more four weeks later.99 non- or hypo-responders and 136 medium or hyper-responders were selected for the study subjects.HLA-DRB1*07,13 allelic genes of the subjects were detected by polymerase chain reaction using sequence specific primer (PCR-SSP) method.Results:The frequencies of HLA-DRB1*07 gene in the non- or hypo-responders group were significantly higher than that in the medium or hyper-responder group (16.16% vs 4.41%,P＜0.05). No significant difference of HLA-DRB1*13 gene between the two groups (1.01% vs 3.68%,P=0.389).Conclusion:There is a close relationship between the expression of HLA-DRB1*07 gene and the non- or hypo-response to HB vaccine;No relationship between HLA-DRB1*13 gene expression and the response to HB vaccine is found.

The γc cytokines play an important role in proliferation and survival of T cells. Blocking the γc signals can cause the activated donor-reactive T cells losing the ability to proliferate, and getting into apoptosis pathway, which contributes to induction of the peripheral tolerance. In this study, we induced the transplant tolerance through blocking the γc in combination with donor-specific trans-fusion (DST) in the cardiac transplantation. Following DST, on the day 2, 4 and 6, C57BL/6 recipients received anti-γc monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) injection, and those in control group were not given anti-γc mAbs. On the day 7, Balb/c cardiac allografts were transplanted. All recipients in experimental group accepted cardiac allografis over 30 days, and two of them accepted allografis without rejection until sacrifice on the 120 day. Animals only receiving DST rejected gratis within 5 days, and the mice receiving cardiac transplantation alone rejected gratis within 9 days. Our study showed that blockade of γc signaling combined with DST significantly prolonged allografi survival, which was probably associated with inhibition of antigen-specific T-cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis.

BACKGROUND: Embryonic stem cells fESCs) develop from early blastular inner cell mass.Under proper condition,ESCs can maintain undifferentiated state in vitro,normal diploid nuclear type,and proliferative potential.In addition,ESCs possess multi-directional differentiation capacity and can differentiate into all sorts of cells of three germ layers. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility of directed differentiation of ESCs towards thyroid cells in vitro as well as related molecular expression. DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING: A cell-based observational experiment was performed at the Bank of Cord Blood,Second Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University between January 2004 and December 2006.MATERIALS: Balb/c pregnant mice at pregnancy 12.5-14.5 days were used for preparation of embryonic fibroblast feeder layer.E14 mouse embryonic stem cell (ESC) strains were gifted by professor Xu from Harvard University.METHODS: Murine El4 ESCs were cultured in methylcellulose semisolid medium to form embryoid bodies (Ebs).These Ebs were transferred for further inductive culture with the stepwise addition of growth factors- thyrotropin (TSH),insulin and kalium iodidum (KI).The cultured thyroid cells of adult Kunming mice were taken as positive control.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ①Cellular morphological change in the process of differentiation.② Detection of expression levels of TSHR,PAX8,TTF-2,and TIF-1 by immunofluorescence assay.③ Detection of expression levels of TSHR,PAX8,NIS,TPO,and Tg by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).RESULTS: The differentiated cells had clear boundary,exhibiting round,oval,shuttle-shaped,or polygon adhesive growth.On day 6 of inductive ifferentiation,the differentiated cells showed the expression of PAX8,NIS,TPO,Tg,and TSHR,the specific gene of thyroid ceils.On day 8 of inductive differentiation,the expression of TSHR,TIF-1,PAX8,and TIF-2 was detectable in the differentiated cells with morphous similar to thyroid cells.CONCLUSION: ESCs can differentiate towards thyroid cells under given inductive conditions.

To identify acute renal allograft rejection biomarkers in human serum, two-dimensional differential in-gel electrophoresis (2-D DIGE) and reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) followed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) were used. Serum samples from renal allograft patients and normal volunteers were divided into three groups: acute rejection (AR), stable renal function (SRF) and normal volunteer (N). Serum samples were firstly processed using Multiple Affinity Removal Column to selectively remove the highest abundance proteins. Differentially expressed proteins were analyzed using 2-D DIGE. These differential protein spots were excised, digested by trypsin, and identified by RP-HPLC-ESI/MS. Twenty-two differentially expressed proteins were identified in serum from AR group. These proteins included complement C9 precursor, apolipoprotein A-IV precursor, vitamin D-binding protein precursor, beta-2-glycoprotein 1 precursor, etc. Vitamin D-binding protein, one of these proteins, was confirmed by ELISA in the independent set of serum samples. In conclusion, the differentially expressed proteins as serum biomarker candidates may provide the basis of acute rejection noninvasive diagnosis. Confirmed vitamin D-binding protein may be one of serum biomarkers of acute rejection. Furthermore, it may provide great insights into understanding the mechanisms and potential treatment strategy of acute rejection.

Objective:To estimate the diagnostic value of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) antibody for juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) by Meta-analysis.Methods:The databases, including Wanfang Database, VIP citation databases, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China Biology Medicine disc, Excerpta Medica Database (EMbase), PubMed, Cochrane Library, were searched for the studies related to the diagnostic value of anti-CCP antibody for JIA. After extracting literature data and assessing the articles by Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies tool. The sources of heterogeneity, sensitivity (SEN), specificity (SPE), area under the curve (AUC) were calculated by the summary receiver operator characteristic (SROC) curve by Stata 12.0 software.Results:A total of 30 literature reports were included in this Meta-analysis. The heterogeneity and the threshold effect of the included articles were tested, a mixed effects model was selected to calculate the pooled weighted SEN [0.16, 95% CI(0.11, 0.22)], SPE [0.99, 95% CI(0.98, 0.99)] and AUC [0.86, 95% CI(0.83, 0.89)]. The sensitivity estimates were highly heterogeneous, which was partially explained by the higher sensitivity in the rheumatoid factor-positive polyarthritis (RF+PA) subtypes [0.65, 95% CI (0.51, 0.76)] than in the other subtypes. The ability of diagnostic differentiation between of JIA and healthy children was better than the diagnostic differentiation between JIA and other patients ( Z=7.9, P<0.01). Conclusion:Although anti-CCP antibody cannot be used as an early diagnostic indicator of JIA, it can provide a certain guiding role in the initial screening and early treatment of the disease. CCP has clinical value in the differential diagnosis of RF+PA subtypes.