Antimicrobial peptides ( AMPs) are a kind of micromolecular peptides with antibacterial , antivirus and anti-tumor activities.Unlike conventional antibiotics , acquisition of resistance by a sensitive microbial strain against AMPs is surprisingly improbable .AMPs are not widely used clinically due to their toxicity , susceptibility to proteolysis and high manufacturing cost .Researchers have obtained some AMPs with high activity and low toxicity by structure modifications . The molecular design of AMPs as well as their development in the future are reviewed .

The paper analyzed the impact of the trial for "lump-sum prepayment practice of medical insurance" on tertiary hospitals in Shanghai initiated by Shanghai Medical Insurance Bureau since 2009. Based on the analysis, the authors recommended that the hospitals should adapt to the changes by raising quality of care, improving cost accounting, informationizing and refining medical insurance information management, as well as controlling expenses on a rational basis. These approaches will help them adapt to and promote the ongoing health reform in China.

AIM: To explore the clinical significance of Krüpple-like factor 15 (KLF15) protein expression in the patients with lung adenocarcinoma for exploring the therapeutic and prognositic biomarkers of lung cancer.ME-THODS: Four cases of lung adenocarcinoma tissues and matched adjacent tissues were collected from our hospital, and the expression of KLF15 protein in these tissues was analyzed by Western blot.At the same time, 72 cases of archived paraffin-embedded samples and clinical data of the patients with lung adenocarcinoma were also collected.The KLF15 protein expression in the archived paraffin-embedded lung adenocarcinoma samples was detected by immunohistochemical staining.The correlations between KLF15 protein expression and clinical characteristics of the patients including prognosis were also analyzed.In addition, the KLF15 protein was up-regulated in A549 cells, and then the effects of KLF15 protein on the viability of the cells were measured by CCK-8 assay.RESULTS: The protein expression of KLF15 in the 4 cases of lung adenocarcinoma tissues was significantly lower than that in matched paracancerous tissues.Fifty-three cases of lung adenocarcinoma specimens showed low expression or no expression of KLF15 protein in total 72 cases (73.6%).The 5-year survival rate of the patients with high expression of KLF15 protein in their specimens was higher than that of the patients with the low expression of KLF15 protein (P<0.01), and the expression of KLF15 protein was significantly correlated with the pathological staging (P<0.01) and T stage (P<0.01) of the patients with lung adenocarcinoma.Furthermore, the low expression of KLF15 protein was an important poor prognostic indicator of the patients.Up-regulation of KLF15 protein in the A549 cells significantly inhibited the growth of the cells.CONCLUSION: KLF15 inhibits the growth of lung adenocarcinoma cells.It could be used as a therapeutic target and a prognostic biomarker for the patients with lung adenocarcinoma.

Objective To establish the quality standard of common selfheal fruit-spike granules. Mehtods Rosmarinicacid in the granules were identified by TLC. The extractives were tested by the method for determination of water-soluble extractives. The contents of rosmarinicacid were determined by HPLC. Results TLC had obvious characteristics with the spots clear and well-separated. The extraction limit was no less than 10.0%. Rosmarinicacid showed a good linear relationship at 0.062 5~2.008 0 mg/ml (r=0.999 8,n=6) with average recovery of 99.50% (RSD=1.21%,n=9). The content limitation of rosmarinicacid was discussed as 10.0 mg per pack according to the experiment data.Conclusion The method is easy-operated and accurate which has a good specificity for the quality control of common selfheal fruit-spike granules.

Objective:To establish the quality standard for Isatidis folium dispensing granules. Methods:Indigo and indirubin in the granules were identified by TLC. The extract content was determined by a hot dipping method for the determination of alcohol-solu-ble extract. The content of indirubin was determined by HPLC. Results:The spots in TLC were clear and well-separated. The extrac-tion limit no less than 12. 0% was preliminarily drawn up. Indirubin showed a good linear relationship within the range of 0. 50-8. 04μg·ml-1(r=0. 999 9) with the average recovery of 99. 41%(RSD=1. 21%, n=9). The content limit no less than 50. 0 μg per pack was preliminarily drawn up for indirubin. Conclusion: The method is easy-operated and accurate with good specificity for the quality control of Isatidis folium dispensing granules.

Objective To evaluate the effect of hydrogen-rich saline on the regulatory T cells (Tregs ) in the peripheral blood during global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R ) in rats .Methods Seventy-seven male Sprague-Dawley rats ,aged 2-3 months ,weighing 260-300 g ,were randomly divided into 3 groups using a random number table:sham operation group (group S , n=11) ,group I/R (n=33) ,and hydrogen-rich saline group (group H , n=33 ) .Global cerebral I/R was produced by 4-vessel occlusion method .The bilateral carotid arteries were blocked for 15 min followed by reperfusion in I/R and H groups .In group H ,0.6 mmol/L hydrogen-rich saline 5 ml/kg was injected intraperitoneally at 0 and 6 h of reperfusion ,while the equal volume of normal saline was injected instead in the other two groups .Before ischemia (T0 ) in group S and at 6 ,24 and 72 h of reperfusion (T1-3 ) in I/R and H groups ,7 rats were chosen ,the blood samples from the peripheral vein were collected for determination of the number of Tregs . Then the animals were sacrificed and the spleen was removed for measurement of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) content .The left 4 rats of each group were sacrificed at T0 and T1-3 and the brains were obtained for examination of the pyramidal cell morphology in the hippocampal CA 1 region and for determination of the number of pyramidal cells in brain tissues .Results Compared with group S , the number of pyramidal cells in the hippocampal CA1 region ,the number of Tregs in the peripheral blood and content of TGF-β1 in the spleen were significantly decreased at T1-3 in group I/R ( P<0.05) .Compared with group I/R ,the number of pyramidal cells in the hippocampal CA 1 region and the number of Tregs in the peripheral blood at T2-3 ,and the content of TGF-β1 in the spleen at T1-3 were significantly increased ( P<0.05) ,and the pathological changes of pyramidal cells were attenuated in group H .Conclusion The mechanism by which hydrogen-rich saline attenuates global cerebral I/R injury may be related to the increased number of Tregs in peripheral blood and promoted secretion of TGF-β1 in rats .

Objective To observe the effect of supernatant liquid from brain tissue on the differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) into neural cells in normal brain tissues, the homogenate of infarcted cerebral hemisphere and the opposite side in the rats. Methods The ADSCs were obtained from rat retroperitoneal adipose tissue. The normal brain tissues, the homogenate of the infarcted cerebral hemisphere and thc opposite side got from middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats were used to induce ADSCs. Immunocytochemistry or immunofluorescence were used to identify the cell types at the 3rd day. Positive expression rate was counted by fluorescence microscope. Results (1)The neuron-specific enolase (NSE) positive cells, microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP-2) positive cells and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) positive cells were much more in the homogenate of the infracted cerebral hemisphere than in others (P＜0.05). (2)The NSE positive cells, MAP-2 positive cells and GFAP positive cells were much more in the homogenate of the normal brain tissues and the opposite side than normal level ( P ＜ 0. 05 ) . Conclusions The homogenate of the infracted cerebral hemisphere and the opposite side can induce adipose-derived stem cells into neural-like cells and express neural cells markers in rats.

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of dexmedetomidine on prevention of emergence agitation in adult patients during recovery period after abdomen surgery.Methods 1 20 ASA I -II patients scheduled for elective abdominal surgery under general anesthesia were randomly divided into three groups:dexmedetomidine group (group A),midazolam group (group B)and the saline control group (group C),40 cases in each group.40min before the end of surgery,dexmedetomidine 0.6μg/kg was continued intravenous infusion 1 0min in group A,midazo-lam 30μg/kg and 1 mL physiological saline were respectively intravenously injected in group B and group C.The post-operative recovery room (PACU)of restlessness,sedation,blood pressure,SpO2 and extubation time were observed. Results In of midazolam group,the time of anesthesia recovery[(1 8.2 ±1 .9)min],extubation[(32.1 ±3.9)min] and PACU staying[(48.7 ±3.1 )min]were significantly longer compared with the dexmedetomidine group[(1 3.1 ± 2.4)min,(26.5 ±2.2)min and (39.8 ±3.4)min,P =0.023,0.040 and 0.003]and the saline group[(1 2.6 ± 2.3)min,(24.8 ±2.9)min and (38.6 ±4.3)min,P =0.01 7,P =0.023 and P =0.001〗.The postoperative seda-tion scores of dexmedetomidine [(2.3 ±0.2 )points,P =0.025 ]and midazolam group [(2.4 ±0.1 )points,P =0.020]were significantly higher than the saline control group[(1 .1 ±0.5)points].The postoperative agitation score of dexmedetomidine (1 .3 ±0.5)points was lower than midazolam group [(2.5 ±0.5)points,P =0.01 1 ]and the saline control group[(2.4 ±0.6)points,P =0.020].HR and MAP of three groups at 2 min before extubation were observed,in the immediate extubation and at 5 min after extubation,the HR of dexmedetomidine group[(62.7 ± 4.1 )times/min,(67.3 ±3.4)times/min and (63.2 ±4.3)times/min]was significantly delayer than midazolam group [(72.3 ±3.4)times/min,(84.9 ±5.3)times/min and (82.1 ±3.1 )times/min],(P =0.002,P =0.001 and P =0.001 )and the saline control group [(73.6 ±2.9 )times/min,(85.3 ±4.7 )times/min and (83.3 ± 4.5)times/min],(P =0.001 ,P =0.023 and P =0.038)at the three time.In the immediate extubation,the MAP of patients in dexmedetomidine group[(87.3 ±4.2)mmHg)]was lower than midazolam group[(93.1 ±4.3)mmHg, P =0.001 ]and the saline control group[(95.6 ±5.8)mmHg,P =0.001 ].At 5 min after extubation,the MAP of patients in both of dexmedetomidine[(84.5 ±3.1 )mmHg)]and midazolam[(85.1 ±2.9)mmHg]group were lower than that in the saline control group[(92.3 ±4.6)mmHg,P =0.023 and P =0.038〗.Conclusion Dexmedetomi-dine could be one of the ideal drug to relieve emergence agitation in adult patients during recovery period after abdo-men surgery and the curative effect is better than midazolam.

Objective To compare the effect of ultrasound-guided Mammotome minimally invasive operation and traditional surgery in treating benign breast tumor.Methods Eighty patients with benign breast tumor admitted to People's Hospital of Beijing Daxing District from October 2015 to April 2016 were randomly divided into group A and group B.Patients in group A accepted ultrasound-guided Mammotome minimally invasive operation (n =40),while patients in Group B accepted traditional surgery (n =40).Operation time,incision length,blood loss,patient satisfaction,postoperative pain,and the occurrence rates of complications were compared between the two groups.Results All the tumors in two groups were removed.Patients in group A had shorter operation time (10.4 ± 1.0) min,less blood loss (4.1 ± 0.5) ml,smaller length of incision (0.34 ± 0.04) cm (P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0.01);also had less occurrence of complication (P ＜ 0.05);and patients in group A had better patient's satisfaction (95％) (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions Ultrasound-guided Mammotome minimally invasive operation is helpful to shorten operation time and incision length,and reduce blood loss,also improve satisfaction.It is valuable for application and popularization in primary hospital.

Objective:To investigate the application value of superb microvascular imagingin monitoring angiogenesis in the treatment of chronic ischemic diseases of lower limbs by tibial transverse transport.Methods:From May 2019 to December 2020, 12 patients with ischemic diseases of lower limbs who received tibial transverse transport therapy were retrospectively analyzed, including 7 male patients and 5 female patients, aged 30-86 years, with an average age of 64.0±16.6 years. Among them, there were 10 patients with diabetic foot, with a disease course of 5-30 years (mean 14.4±8.3 years), and 2 patients with arteriosclerosis obliterans. The results of lower extremity superb microvascular imaging before and after treatment were recorded and compared.Results:After treatment, 12 patients were found to have obvious new vessels around the artery of lower extremity, the number of vessels 1-8, the average number of 3.25±2.73. We found that a total of 12 patients 20 inherent lower limb artery collateral established, collateral circulation was found around 12 dorsal metatarsal artery (DMA) in 11 patients, around 3 dorsal pedis artery (DPA) in 2 patients, around 3 anterior tibial artery (ATA) in 2 patients, and around 1 posterior tibial artery (PTA) in 2 patients. The lateral branches were established in ipsilateral lower limbs in 6 patients, contralateral lower limbs in 2 patients, and bilateral lower limbs in 4 patients.Conclusion:The phenomenon of angiogenesis is obvious in the clinical application of tibial transverse transport. Superb microvascular imaging can effectively reflect the degree of promoting the establishment of collateral circulation by tibial transverse transport.