Objective To investigate the expression of tumor suppressor gene p16~(INK4A) in mouse endometrium during the estrus cycle and early pregnancy and its possible role in blastocyst implantation. Methods Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) was used to detect the expression of p16~(INK4A) mRNA,immunohistochemistry and Western blotting were applied to detect p16~(INK4A) protein in mouse endometrium tissues during the estrus cycle and early pregnancy. Results The intensity of p16~(INK4A) mRNA expression in mouse early pregnancy was higher than that in the estrus cycle.Compared with the other 3 stages, the level of p16~(INK4A) mRNA expression at estrus was obviously higher. During the early pregnancy, the level of p16~(INK4A) mRNA expression increased steadily from day 2 to day 5,reaching the maximal level on day 5,then decreasing. Both immunohistochemical and Western blotting analysis showed the same results in expression patterns of p16~(INK4A) protein for mouse endometrium tissues as those results of RT-PCR.Conclusion p16~(INK4A) is involved in the embryos penetrating into the endometrial barrier.

At present, the patients with transfusion-dependent lower-risk myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) have limited treatment options when erythropoiesis-stimulating agent is ineffective or relapsed. With more understanding of the pathological and molecular genetics characteristics of MDS, the development of precise medical treatment of MDS has been promoted. Small-molecule inhibitors, such as transforming growth factor β inhibiter, telomerase inhibiter and hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor, provide novel therapeutic strategies for patients. This article reviews the treatment of transfusion-dependent lower-risk MDS patients and discusses the latest clinical research and development of novel targeted agents.

Objective:To explore the effect of biomyoelectric stimulation combined with resistance exercise in sarcopenia among elderly patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) .Methods:From June 2021 to March 2022, 214 patients who underwent MHD at the Blood Purification Center of Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University were selected by convenience sampling. According to the dialysis time, patients were divided into a control group and an observation group, each with 107 cases. The control group received routine nursing, while the observation group received biomyoelectric stimulation combined with resistance exercise on the basis of the control group for a period of 12 weeks. We compared the differences in total body muscle mass, limb skeletal muscle mass, grip strength, 6-minute walking test, and body function between two groups of patients before and after intervention.Results:After intervention, the total muscle mass, limb skeletal muscle mass, grip strength, 6-minute walking test, and Short Physical Performance Battery scores of the observation group were higher than those of the control group, and higher than those before intervention, with statistical differences ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:Biomyoelectric stimulation combined with resistance exercise can effectively improve muscle mass and function in elderly MHD patients, improve physical function, and play a certain role in the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia.

Objective To investigate the relationship between gentamicin sulfate mediated gut microbi-ota in affecting glucolipid metabolism and inflammation with hypertension improvement.Methods Sprague-Dawley rats (8-weeks-old) were divided into the normal diet group (ND,n=11),high fat diet group (HFD,n=13) and HFD combined with gentamicin sulfate gavage group (GS,n=13).Blood pressure was monitored weekly during 5-13 weeks,and the levels of insulin,IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α,LPS,TC,TG,LDL-C,HDL-C and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) were assessed at 13 weeks.The met-agenomic analyses were performed on DNA samples from rat colonic feces.Results The blood pressure in 13 weeks had no statistical difference among the three groups (P>0.05).The blood pressure during 5-10 weeks in the GS group was higher than that in the ND group with statistical difference (P<0.05).The blood pressure during 5-13 weeks in the HFD group was higher than that in the ND group,and the blood pressure during 10-13 weeks in the GS group was lower than that in the HFD with statistical difference (P<0.05). Compared with the group ND,the levels of TC,TG,LDL-C and HOMA-IR in the HFD group were higher,the HDL-C level was lower,and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05).Compared with the HFD group,the levels of TG,LDL-C and HOMA-IR in the GS group were lower,the HDL-C level was higher,and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05).The levels of LPS,IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α in the HFD group were higher than those in the ND group,while the GS group was lower than the HFD group (P<0.05).The partial least squares discriminant analysis showed that the intestinal microbiota in the HFD group and GS group was different in structure from that in the ND group.The family level results showed that the structure of the gut microbiota changed in three groups,including 24 microbiotas with significant changes.The hierarchical analysis showed that the proportion of f-desulphovibrio in the HFD group was higher than that in the ND group,while the GS group was lower the HFD group,and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusion Oral antibiotic gentamicin sulfate could improve the glucose and lipid metabolism ab-normalities and inflammation caused by HFD and its mechanism may be to relieve hypertension by regulating intestinal flora structure,abundance and LPS level.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy(LSG) on sex hormone in male patients with severe obesity.

METHODSRetrospective analysis was performed in 31 male patient with severe obese [body mass index(BMI) ≥28 kg/m, obesity group] who underwent LSG in Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University from December 2012 to May 2016. The anthropometric parameters(weight, BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference, waist-hip ratio, body fat percentage), glucose metabolic indices [fasting plasma glucose(FPG), fasting insulin (FINS), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance index(HOMA-IR)], and sex hormone parameters [estradiol(E2), total testosterone (TT), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH)] were collected preoperatively and 1, 3, 6 months postoperatively. In addition, 31 healthy male volunteers with normal BMI were consecutively recruited in this study as control group. The above-mentioned parameters were also determined in control group. Changes of these variables before and after surgery were analyzed. Pearson method was used to analyze the correlation of TT with anthropometric parameters and glucose metabolic indices before and after surgery.

RESULTSThe average age of patients in obesity and control group was (32.9±9.7) (18 to 56) years and (30.7±8.9) (18 to 49) years. Compared to the control group, obesity group had significantly higher anthropometric parameters and glucose metabolic indices before surgery (all P<0.05). In obesity group, the anthropometric and glucose metabolic indices significantly decreased at 1 to 6 months after surgery compared to those before surgery (all P<0.05). At 1 month after surgery, the anthropometric parameters and glucose metabolic indices in obesity group were significantly higher than those in control group (all P<0.05). At 3, and 6 months after surgery, there were no significant differences in glucose metabolic indices between obesity and control group (all P>0.05), while the anthropometric parameters in obesity group were still significantly higher than those in control group(all P<0.05). The sex hormone parameters in control and obesity group before surgery were as follows: E2: (100.2±23.5) pmol/L and (129.2±81.9) pmol/L; TT: (18.0±4.9) nmol/L and (8.4±4.5) nmol/L; FSH: (4.5±3.1) IU/L and (4.3±2.5) IU/L; LH: (4.4±1.7) IU/L and (5.3±2.6) IU/L. Compared to control group, the TT level of obese patients before surgery significantly decreased(P=0.000), while no significant differences were observed in the levels of E2, FSH, and LH(all P>0.05). The TT levels were significantly increased at 1, 3, 6 months after surgery[(13.1±7.0), (13.6±5.7), (21.0±19.3) nmol/L, respectively, all P<0.05] and the E2 level was significantly decreased at 6 months after surgery [(91.4±44.9) pmol/L, P<0.05], while no significant differences were observed at 1 and 3 months after surgery (all P>0.05). Furthermore, the FSH and LH levels did not exhibit significant change at 1, 3, and 6 months after surgery compared to those before surgery (all P>0.05). At 1 month after surgery, no significant correlations were examined in the change value of TT levels (▹TT) with the changes of BMI(▹BMI), FPG(▹FPG), FINS(▹FINS), HOMA-IR(▹HOMA-IR), and E2(▹E2) (all P>0.05). At 3 months after surgery, ▹TT was negatively correlated with ▹BMI (r=-0.441, P=0.015), ▹FINS (r=-0.375, P=0.041), and ▹HOMA-IR(r=-0.397, P=0.030), but not correlated with ▹FPG and ▹E2 (all P>0.05). At 6 months after surgery, ▹TT was negatively correlated with ▹BMI(r=-0.510, P=0.018) and ▹HOMA-IR (r=-0.435, P=0.049), but not correlated with ▹FPG, ▹FINS and ▹E2 (all P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONSMale severe obese patients are accompanied with abnormal sex hormone levels. LSG has a significant effect on weight loss and blood glucose improvement, and may ameliorate the sex hormone unbalance by improving the insulin resistance in men with severe obesity.

Adult ; Bariatric Surgery ; Blood Glucose ; physiology ; Body Mass Index ; Body Weights and Measures ; China ; Estradiol ; blood ; physiology ; Fasting ; blood ; Follicle Stimulating Hormone ; blood ; physiology ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gastrectomy ; Glycated Hemoglobin A ; physiology ; Humans ; Insulin ; blood ; physiology ; Insulin Resistance ; physiology ; Luteinizing Hormone ; blood ; physiology ; Male ; Obesity, Morbid ; surgery ; Retrospective Studies ; Testosterone ; blood ; physiology ; Treatment Outcome ; Weight Loss ; physiology