Objective To understand the infection situation and epidemiological characteristics of Mycoplasma pneumonia (MP) among children with MP infections in Guilin area .Methods The IgM antibody of MP was determined in 1 704 pediatric outpatients and inpatients with respiratory tract infections in our hospital during 2015 by using the MP IgM antibody test reagent kit(colloidal Gold method) .The detection situation was investigated and analyzed .Results The total MP positive rate among children patients with respiratory tract infections in Guilin was 18 .19% ,the female was higher than male with statistical difference (22 .48% vs . 15 .37% ,P<0 .05) .The MP positive rates in children 0 - <1 years old ,1 - <3 years old ,3 - <6 years old and 6 -14 years old were 6 .25% ,18 .59% ,25 .56% and 32 .40% respectively ,and the differences were statistically significant (P<0 .05) .The MP posi‐tive rates in spring ,summer ,autumn and winter were 21 .56% ,15 .29% ,16 .52% and 18 .48% respectively ,and the differences were not statistically significant(P>0 .05) .Conclusion MP is one of the most common pathogens leading to respiratory tract infection in children ,its infection shows gender and age differences .Summer and autumn are mainly epidemic seasons .Children aged 6―14 years old are susceptible to be infected by MP .So it is necessary to strengthen the prevention of MP infection .

OBJECTIVE To investigate pathogenic bacteria isolated from children with respiratory tract infection(RTI) and bacterial resistance to commonly used antimicrobial agents in Guilin area,so as to instruct the rational use of antibiotics.METHODS Routine methods were used to isolate and identify bacteria species and samples of sputum or throat swabs were collected from children with respiratory infection in inpatient departments.The drug susceptibility tests were performed by Kirby-Bauer method.RESULTS Total 733 strains of bacteria were isolated.The Haemophilus influenzae(HI) was the most common(165 strains),followed by Escherichia coli(136 strains) and Streptococcus pyogenes(51 strains).The resistance of HI to trimetoprim-sulfa methoxazole and ampicillin was 59.39% and 36.36%,respectively.Cephalosporins and quinolones were more sensitive to HI.Imipenem,quinolones and amikacin were more sensitive to E.coli as yet.The resistant rate of Streptococcus to penicillin-G,erythromycin,clindamycin and trimetoprim-sulfa methoxazole was 56.79-69.63%.CONCLUSIONS Gram-negative bacilli are the main pathogenic bacteria in childrens respiratory tract infection.The drug resistance is conspicuous.Antibiotics for treating RTI should be selected based on pathogenic bacteria variance and the drug susceptibility test.

Objective To investigate the role of the 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) DNA modification in the onset of systemic lupus erythemosus (SLE),we compared tihe levels 5-hmC between SLE patients and normal controls.Methods With informed consent,whole blood was obtained from patients,and genomic DNA was extracted.Using hMeDIP-seq analysis and validation by quantitative real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR),we identified the differentially hydroxymethylated regions that were associated with SLE.Results There were 1 701 genes with significantly different 5-hmC levels at the promoter region in the SLE patients compared with the normal controls.The CpG islands of 3 826 genes showed significant difference at 5-hmC levels in SLE patients compared with the normal controls.Out of the differentially hydroxymethylated genes,three were selected for validation,including TREX1,CDKN1A,and CDKN1B.The hydroxymethylation levels of these three genes were confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR.Conclusion Our studies indicate that there are significant alterations of 5-hmC in SLE patients;these differentially hydroxymethylated genes may contribute to the pathogenesis of SLE.Such novel findings show the significance of 5-hmC as a potential biomarker or promising target for epigenetic-based SLE therapies.

Objective To analyze the effect of laparoscopic minimally invasive surgery on the immune function of patients with gastric cancer and its clinical efficacy.Methods A total of eighty patients with gastric cancer treated in the First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University from February 2012 to February 2017 were retrospectively selected.According to the different surgical methods the patients were divided into laparoscopic group and laparotomy group.The laparotomy group was treated with open radical gastrectomy,and the laparoscopic group was treated with laparoscopic radical gastrectomy.The operation and postoperative condition,complications,immune indexes and changes of gastrointestinal hormone levels in the two groups were observed.Results The operation time of the endoscopic group was(198.64±43.89)min,longer than that in the laparotomy group((152.01 ± 42.11)min),the incision size((5.79 ± 1.54)cm),blood loss((75.20 ±11.36)ml)and hospitalization time((8.12±1.58)d)were less than those in the control group((15.96 ±1.55)cm,(129.21±12.03)ml,(12.33±1.85)d)(t=4.849,29.428,20.645,10.944; P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the number of lymph node dissection between the two groups(P>0.05).The CD3,CD4,CD8 and CD4 /CD8 in the laparotomy group three days after the treatment were lower than those after treatment in the endoscopic group((51.90 ± 3.66)% vs.(62.01 ± 3.02)%;(30.25 ± 3.98)% vs.(41.13 ±4.79)%;(23.01±4.02)% vs.(28.20 ± 4.15)%;(0.93 ± 0.21)% vs.(1.19 ± 0.20)%)(t=13.475, 11.049,5.681,5.670,P<0.05).No significant difference was showed between the levels of immune indexes before and after treatment in the endoscopic group(P>0.05).The VIP in the laparotomy group 3d after the treatment was higher than those before treatment and in the laparoscopic group after treatment,MTL and SS were lower than those before treatment and in the endoscopic group after treatment(t=1.707,2.713,4.409,1.756, 2.488,3.969;P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the levels of gastrointestinal hormones before and after treatment in the endoscopic group(P>0.05).The complication rate in the endoscopic group was 10% and 27.50% in the laparotomy group,and the complication rate in the endoscopic group was lower than that in the laparotomy group(χ2=4.021;P<0.05).Conclusion Laparoscopic radical gastrectomy has the advantages of less trauma,less bleeding loss and less complications.It also has little effect on the immune function and gastrointestinal hormones,which is beneficial to the recovery of postoperative patients.

OBJECTIVETo analyze costs of the traditional Chinese medicine industry focusing on production costs.

METHODData of 50 planted Chinese herbal medicines and 50 wild Chinese herbal medicines were summarized and analyzed to see the changes of price of Chinese herbal medicines.

RESULTThe derivative problems of limited price were analyzed by crude drug, quality of Chinese medicine and sustainable utilization of resource.

CONCLUSIONThe price of Chinese medicine shall be adapted to sustainable development of market economy.

Conservation of Natural Resources ; Drug Prescriptions ; economics ; standards ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; economics ; standards ; Quality Control

Objective To investigate clinicopathological features of pancreatic carcinoma with or without lymph node metastasis,and to explore the relationship between the lymph node metastasis and the prognosis of pancreatic carcinoma.Methods The clinical and follow up data of 216 patients with pancreatic carcinoma from 2001 to 2015 were retrospectively analyzed.Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate survival rates and plot survival curves.Results The postoperative survival time was 4-86 months,the median survival time was 19 months,and the postoperative 1,3 and 5 year survival rates were 65.1％,33.8％,20.5％,respectively.Patients with positive lymph node metastasis were with 1,3,5 year survival rates of 36.5％,12.2％,0％,those with no lymph node metastasis were with 1,3,5 year survival rates of 70.3％,38.0％,21.4％ (x2 =15.803,P ＜ 0.001).Conclusions Lymph node metastasis in patients with pancreatic cancer is worse than that without lymph node metastasis.Lymph node metastasis is one of the main prognostic factors in patients after radical resection of the pancreatic cancer.

OBJECTIVETo probe into the new idea along with establishment of a novel method for dynamic monitoring and early-warning on the wild resources of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs).

METHODThe alterations of wild traditional Chinese medicinal resources were assessed through the price ratio between drug and foodstuff (PRDF) indicating the balance between supply and demand of the specific TCMs, referred to the price ration between pork to foodstuff which is used in national monitoring to the balance between pork supply and demand.

RESULTSince the price of rice was tightly controlled by government, it was selected as a relatively stable reference to build the PRDF in order to take away the non-marketing influence to TCMs price such as CPI and inflation rate. The modified relative alteration trend of TCMs price had been researched through comparing different formulae to build PRDF, including absolute average month price of TCMs, month average price ratio of TCMs to foodstuff (rice) , month-on-month change of TCMs to rice, year-on-year change of TCMs to rice, and difference in value of period-on-period change (DVPPC). In the research, Cordyceps, Glycyrrhiza and totally five herbs were selected as model drugs and the price data were collected from 2002 to 2008. The results showed that DVPPC calculated of relative long time window was more sensitive and stable to reflect the relative alteration trend of TCMs price. For instance, the DVPPC of Ligustici showed continuously increase trend in recent years. This suggested appearance of unbalance between supply and demand of Ligustici, and forced policy intervention to maintain reasonable and continuable utilization of Ligustici resource.

CONCLUSIONThe proposed method and the formula of DVPPC revealed some useful guidance for dynamic monitoring the wild resources of TCMs.

Conservation of Natural Resources ; economics ; Food ; economics ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; economics ; Nonlinear Dynamics

Objective:To explore the short-term and long-term prognostic outcomes of anatomical liver resection(AR)for patients with perihilar cholangio-carcinoma. Methods:This is a retrospective study.All data were obtained from 4 centers,including The First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University,Eastern Hepatobiliary Hospital of Naval Medical University,Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital and Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University,of a multi-center database.A total of 305 consecutive perihilar cholangiocarcinoma patients receiving radical resection between January 2013 and June 2021 were included in this study.According to the method of liver resection,all patients were divided into the AR group(n=205)and the non-anatomical liver resection(NAR)group(n=100).The baseline characteristics,short-term prognosis and long-term prognosis of the 2 groups were compared. Results:The perioperative transfusion rate and the 30-day complication rate were significantly lower in the AR group than those in the NAR group(P＜0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the survival rates between the AR and the NAR groups(P＞0.05). Conclusion:The 2 hepatic resection modalities had no obvious effect on the long-term prognosis of perihilar cholangiocarcinoma patients after radical resection,but choosing AR tends to achieve a better short-term prognosis and is worth promoting in clinical practice.

OBJECTIVE： To provide reference for the construction of medicine terminologysets in China.METHODS： By introducing and comparing naming rules， terminology type and classfication system of RxNorm， WHODrug and SNOMED CT， the relevant suggestions on the construction of medicine terminology sets in China were put forward. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS： Due to the different demanding objects and specific application scenarios of different terminology sets， the three medicines terminology sets had their own characteristics.RxNorm mainly served electronic health records and medical insurance， and its medicine terminology contained the trade name information of the medicine. WHODrug mainly served ADR reports， and its structured medicine information data carried by the Drug Code， and the set adopted the system classification system-ATC. In order to promote the international interoperability of medicines concepts， SNOMED CT did not contained the trade name，and the purpose of classification was to define drugs. It is suggested that the construction of China’s medicine terminology sets should be based on the design and practical experience of foreign advanced drug terminology， encourage hospitals or pharmaceutical companies to disclose and share data， and try to build a drug model compatible with chemical drugs and proprietary Chinese medicines to adapt to the special nature of Chinese medicines and the needs of international communication.

OBJECTIVETo study the molecular mechanism of cisplatin to enhance the ability of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) in reversing multidrug resistance in vincristine-resistant human gastric cancer SGC7901/VCR cells.

METHODSMTT assay was used to measure the 50% inhibiting concentration (IC₅₀) and cell survival in SGC7901 and SGC7901/VCR cells after different treatments. SGC7901/VCR cells were treated with different concentrations of DDP, different concentrations of TRAIL alone or in combination, and then the mRNA and protein levels of several genes were determined by RT-PCR, RT-qPCR and Western-blot analysis. After targeted silencing with specific siRNA and transfection of recombinant plasmid c-myc into the SGC7901/VCR cells, the mRNA and protein levels of DR4, DR5 and c-myc were determined by RT-PCR and Western-blot analysis.

RESULTSAfter combined treatment with TRAIL and DDP of the SGC7901/VCR cells, the IC₅₀ of VCR, DDP, ADM, and 5-Fu treatment was significantly decreased compared with the control group or TRAIL-treated group (P < 0.05). After treatment with 0, 10, 50 ng/ml TRAIL in combination with 0.4 µg/ml DDP, the SGC7901/VCR cells showed significantly higher activation of caspase 3, down-regulation of DNA-PKcs/Akt/GSK-3β signaling pathway, and higher inhibition of MDR1(P-gp) and MRP1 than those treated with TRAIL alone (P < 0.01 for all). The mRNA and protein levels of DR4, DR5, c-myc were significantly decreased after silencing c-myc with specific siRNA in the SGC7901/VCR cells (P < 0.01 for all), and were significantly increased after transfection of recombinant plasmid c-myc into the SGC7901/VCR cells (P < 0.01 foe all). After the treatment with 10 ng/ml TRAIL, 0.25 µg/ml DDP + 10 ng/ml TRAIL and 0.5 µg/ml DDP + 10 ng/ml TRAIL, the relative expression level of c-myc protein in the SGC7901/VCR cells was 0.314 ± 0.012, 0.735 ± 0.026, and 0.876 ± 0.028, respectively, and the relative expression of cytochrome C was 0.339 ± 0.036, 0.593 ± 0.020 and 0.735 ± 0.031, respectively, and the relative expression levels of DR4, DR5, active-caspase 3 and active-caspase 9 in the SGC7901/VCR cells were also increased along with increasing DDP concentrations.

CONCLUSIONSThe activation of DNA-PKcs/Akt/GSK-3β signaling pathway and high expression of MDR1 and MRP1 play an important role in the multi-drug resistance properties of SGC7901/VCR cells. After combining with TRAIL, DDP can enhance the expression of DR4 and DR5 through up-regulating c-myc and enhancing the activation of caspase 3 and caspase 9 by facilitating mitochondrial release of cytochrome C. It may be an important molecular mechanism of DDP-induced sensitization of TRAIL to reverse the multidrug resistancein SGC7901/VCR cells.

ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family B, Member 1 ; metabolism ; Antineoplastic Agents ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Caspase 3 ; metabolism ; Caspase 9 ; metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cisplatin ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Down-Regulation ; Drug Resistance, Multiple ; drug effects ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; drug effects ; Fluorouracil ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Formazans ; Genes, myc ; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 ; metabolism ; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta ; Humans ; Inhibitory Concentration 50 ; Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins ; metabolism ; Neoplasm Proteins ; metabolism ; Plasmids ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; RNA, Small Interfering ; pharmacology ; Receptors, TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand ; metabolism ; Stomach Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; pathology ; TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Tetrazolium Salts ; Transfection ; methods