Doctor-patient conflict is a social problem in the present phase of medical development in China that has come into being due to the huge gap between the doctor's and the patient's understanding and requirement concerning their roles,rights,obligations and interest.It results from intersection and collision of various social factors.From the sociological perspective,it has been found that the main causes of such a problem include: the limited health resources and its uneven distribution;the doctor as the monopoly of medical resources;the doctor and the patient both as seekers of maximal self-interest.According to the conflict theory in sociology,doctor-patient conflict can be classified,in terms of form,degree,and goal of conflict,into direct and indirect conflict,violent and non-violent conflict,and reality and non-reality conflict respectively.Indirect conflict and non-reality conflict deserve special attention because of their hiddenness,latency,and deep influence upon doctor-patient relationship.

Objective To retrospectively analyze the engraftment, transplant-related complications and survival after unrelated cord blood transplantation (UCBT) in patients with hematologic malignancies. Methods Fifty consecutive patients with hematological malignancies (median age, 19 years; median weight, 53 kg) were treated with UCBT in single center from April 2000 to August 2009. Thirty-nine patients were high-risk or refractory. Double UCB grafts were used for 26 patients, while single UCB graft for 24 patients. Myeloablative conditioning was given to 45 cases and non-myeloablative regimens to 5 cases. All patients were given a combination of cyclosporin A (CsA) and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) for graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis. Results The median total nucleated cell (TNC) dose was 4.0 (range, 1.95-16.24)×10~7 TNC/ kginfused, and CD34~+ cell dose was 2.74(range, 0.67-29.28)×10~5/kginfused. Forty-two of 50 patients acquired engraftment with implantation rate being 86%. The median time to engraftment (absolute neutrophil count>500/mm~3 and platelets 20 000/L) was 19 and 34 days. The cumulative incidence of neutrophil engraftment by day 42 was 86.3%(95% confidence interval [CI] 0.769-0.957); the cumulative incidence of platelets engraftment by day 120 was 72.3% (95% CI 0.620-0.821). Twenty cases developed acute GVHD, and the incidence of acute GVHD of grades Ⅲ/Ⅳ by day 100 was 7.1%. The incidence of chronic GVHD within 2 years was 17.4%. During a median follow-up period of 22 months (range 4-116), Overall 6-month, 1-year and 2-year survival rate was 66.2%(95% CI 0.590-0.734), 57.4%(95% CI 0.496-0.652), 54.2%(95% CI 0.462-0.622), respectively. For the patients with non-advanced hemotologic malignancies, 6-month, 1-year and 2-year survival rate was 73.2% (95% CI 0.659-0.805), 66.1% (95% CI 0.579-0.743), and 62.2% (95% CI 0.542-0.682) respectively. Five cases relapsed. The cumulative incidence of relapse within 2 years was 16.2% (95% CI 0.099-0.225). Twenty-one cases died mainly due to infection. Conclusion UCBT could be safely and effectively used for adult patients with hematologic malignancies.

[Objective] To retrospectively analyze the outcome of unrelated umbilical cord blood transplantation in the treatment of aggressive-phase chronic myeloid leukemia.[Methods] Fourteen consecutive patients with aggressive-phase chronic myeloid leukemia were treated with unrelated umbilical cord blood transplantation,thirteen patients were treated with myeloablative unrelated CBT and one patients were treated with nonmyeloablative unrelated CBT.All patients received standard cyclosporine A (CsA) and mycophenolate mofetil(MMF) as a graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis.[Results] 14 patients were all successfully engrafted.The median times for their neutrophil returning to ≥0.5×109/L and for platelet returning to ≥20×109/L were 22.8 days and 37.8 days,respectively.Acute GVHD occurred in 10 of 13 evaluable patients.The grading of acute GVHD was gradeⅡ-Ⅳin 6 patients(46.2 ％).Chronic GVHD occurred in 7 of 11 evaluable patients(63.6％).Relapse occurred in 2 of 15 patients,lextramedullary relapse was included.9 of 14 patients were alive and event-free after CBT.The probability of OS rate at 5 years was 64.3 ％,the probability of DFS rate at 5 years was 5,7.1％.[Conclusion]Unrelated umbilical cord blood transplantation is effective in the treatment of aggressive-phase chronic myeloid leukemia.

Objective To analyze the influence of the Risser sign on the sagittal compensatory mode of the spine in idiopathic thoracic scoliosis after anterior spinal fusion.Methods Between June 2002 and November 2006,43 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis(AIS)patients(Lenke 1)undergone anterior correction with a minimum 2 years follow-up were included in this study.The patients were divided into three groups according to the Risser sign:group A(Risser 0),group B(Risser 1-3),and group C(Risser 4-5).The preoperative,postoperative and follow-up sagittal profile were evaluated by the following radiological parameters measured on the lateral radiograph,including the thoracic kyphosis,the lumbar lordosis,the thoracolumbar junction kyphosis,the distal junctional kyphosis,and the sagittal vertical axis.Results In group A,the thoracolumbar junction kyphosis significantly changed from-1.7° preoperative to 6.6° at the final follow-up,with an average increase of 8.3°.Similarly,in group B,the thoracolumbar junction kyphosis changed from -7.3° before surgery to 0.6° at the final follow-up,with an average variation of 7.9°.No obvious change of the thoracolumbar junction kyphosis was observed in group C.At the final follow-up,the average thoracic kyphosis in three groups was 21.2°,18.4° and 14.7°,respectively.No significance of the variation of the thoracic kyphosis was observed in the three groups,however,in group A and B,the thoracic kyphosis showed an ascending trend during the follow-up without significant statistical difference,in addition; the ratio of the thoracic kyphosis increased in group A was higher compared with group B and C.Conclusion For AIS patients with low Risser sign,the increased thoracic kyphosis,and the thoracolumbar junction kyphosis may be ascribed to the decompensation of thoracolumbar region caused by the reconstruction of sagittal alignment due to the continued growth of posterior elements of the thoracic spine.

Objective To study the syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion(SIADH)after all ogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(allo-HSCT)and the possible etiology.Methods SIADH was occurred in one patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia who received secondary haploidentical stem cell transplantation after graft failure following umbilical cord blood transplantation.Results An 11-year-old boy was diagnosed as high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia,and the transplantation of unrelated double umbilical cord blood was performed for the first time,however,there was no engraftment at 28 days after the first transplantation.Secondary haploidentical stem cell transplantation was administered at day 33 after the first transplantion.The bone marrow and the peripheral blood stem cells from the patient's father transplantation was adopted.Pre-engraftment syndrome was developed in the patient at day 7 after secondary haploidentical HSCT followed by severe hyponatraemia(lowest serum sodium 115.8 mmol/L),natriuresis,hypo-osmolality of plasma,and twitch at day 26 after allo-HSCT.Then SIADH was diagnosed.The clinical condition was improved after restriction of water and administration of hypertonic saline,and eventually SIADH was controlled completely.By now,the patient had lived free of disease more than one year,with a normal diet and serum sodium in normal ranges.Conclusions SIADH after allo-HSCT is a rare fatal acute complication of central nervous system,whic h are probably associated with numerous transplant-related causes.Early accurate diagnosis and treatment promptly are great importance.

Objective:To analyze the characteristics of adults (non-pregnant women) infected with Listeria monocytogenes and to provide evidence for diagnosis and treatment of this disease. Methods:Patients admitted in West China Hospital of Sichuan University between January 2008 and April 2020 with Listeriadisease were enrolled in this study. The clinical data of patients including age, symptoms, underlying diseases and prognosis, as well as the laboratory results of WBC, neutrophil ratio (N%), procalcitonin (PCT), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP), were obtained for analyzing the clinical infection and prognosis characteristics of the patients. Results:A total of 57 patients were included, patients were 18-83 (52.8±15.9) years old, percent of over 60 years old patients accounted for 35.09% (20/57). The incidence rate in summer season was the highest (45.61%, 26/57). There were 48 cases with comorbidities, sepsis occurred in 31 cases and meningitis in 18 cases. The time of diagnosis of Listeriosis was (6.1±2.9) days. After diagnosis, the target therapy was applied: such as carbapenem (26.32%, 15/57) and penicillins (22.81%, 13/57). The levels of WBC (6.77 [2.99, 9.54]×10 9/L vs 10.23 [6.71, 16.55]×10 9/L), NLR (3.07 [1.66, 8.16] vs 11.26 [5.66, 20.08]) and CRP (40.7 [16.9, 91.9] g/L vs 92.8 [59.9, 142.7] g/L) were significantly lower after treatment than those before treatment in 47 hospitalized patients (all P<0.05). Thirty-eight patients were treated according to the guidelines, 33 cases improved, 2 cases had poor prognosis and 2 cases died. Conclusion:The main risk factors of Listeria monocytogenes infection in adults (non-pregnant women) are underlying diseases, especially autoimmune diseases and pulmonary infections. Penicillins can be used as the first choice for empirical therapy. Carbapenems and erythromycin serve as the combination medications during the full course of treatment.

[Objective]To study the discipline of implantation and implantation dynamics in unrelated double umbilical cord blood transplantation(DUCBT).[Methods]Twenty-nine patients with hematologic malignancies who undergoing two-units unrelated donor cord blood transplantation were included in the study.After transplantation,hematopoietic chimerism of peripheral blood was evaluated by the Results of short tandem repeat with polymerase chain reactions(STR-PCR)which quantitatively determinated 16 specific alleles between donor and receptor, to find out their chimerism dynamic change, to judge whether transplantation was implanted and judge which one was implanted,and to study the discipline of implantation in DUCBT.At the same time,total nucleated cells(TNC),dose of CD34 cells,colony forming unit(CFU),colony forming unit-granulocyte and macrophage(CFU-GM),dose of CD; cells,dose of natural killer(NK)cells were compared between dominant units and non-dominant ones,to quest the discipline implantation dynamics of DUCBT.[Results]In 29 clinical cases,23 cases obtained engraftment,including 22 cases appearing one unit cord blood engraftment and 1 case appearing two units cord blood engraftment.Of 22cases with one dominant unit engraftment,at 14 days after DUCBT,the results of STR-PCR showed that 20cases appeared one dominant unit engraftment,other 2 cases appeared one dominant unit engraftment at 21days after DUCBT.Of 6 cases without engraftment,at 14 days after DUCBT,2 cases showed chimerism of two units cord blood,other 4 cases showed chimerism of two units cord blood or one unit cord mixed with receptor.At 30 days after DUCBT,their STR-PCR results of bone marrow showed full donor chimerism.Compared results at day 7,day 14,day 21 by peripheral blood,and day 30 by bone marrow with results of implantation after DUCBT,their coherence were kappa=0.112,P=0.198,kappa =0.811,P =0.001,kappa =0.900,P =0.001 and kappa =0.900,P =0.001,respectively.In addition,compared dominant unit with nondominant unit,TNC,doses of CD+34 cells,CFU,CFU-GM,CD; cells and NK cells were all no significant difference between them (P=0.783,0.455,0.615,0.534,0.114,0.463,respectively).[Conclusion]STR-PCR which quantitatively determinates 16 specific alleles between donor and receptor is sensitively and specifically to judge implant status.The 14 days after DUCBT was the time when implant is embedded.However,the implantation dynamics of DUCBT is still unknown which need further quest in the future.

Objective To observe the effect of oxycodone for postoperative patient-controlled intravenous analgesia of laparoscopic total hysterectomy with or without background infusion.Methods Seventy five patients, aged 40-65 years, BMI 18-24 kg/m2, ASA physical statusⅠ orⅡ, scheduled for elective laparoscopic total hysterectomy surgery under general anesthesia were randomly assigned into 3 equal groups (n = 25 each) using a random number table:morphine group (group M), oxycodone with background infusion group (group O1) and oxycodone without background infusion group (group O2).The anesthesia was induced by intravenous fentanyl 4μg/kg, propofol 2-2.5 mg/kg and cisatracurium 0.2 mg/kg.Group M was given morphine 50 mg+ondanstron 8 mg in100 ml normal saline, groups O1 and O2 were given oxycodone 50 mg+ ondanstron 8 mg in 100 ml normal saline.The PCIA pump of group M and group O1 were set up with a 0.5 ml bolus dose, a 5 min lockout interval and background infusion at a rate of 2 ml/h.Group O2 was set up with a 4 ml bolus dose, a 5 min lockout interval and without background infusion.The NRS scores of three groups at 4, 8, 12, 24 and 48 hafter operation were recorded.The total morphine or oxycodone consumption, and the number of rescue analgesia within 48 hafter surgery were recorded.The adverse events within 48 hafter surgery were also observed.Results Compared with group M, the NRS scores at rest were significantly decreased at 4, 8, and 12 hafter operation (P<0.05), and the NRS scores at movement were significantly decreased at 4 and 8 hafter operation (P<0.05), and the number of rescue analgesia within 48 hafter surgery was significantly decreased in groups O1 and O2 (P<0.05).The total analgesic consumption and the incidence of adverse event within 48 hafter surgery in group O2 were significantly lower than those in groups M and O1 (P<0.05).Conclusion Compared with morphine, oxycodone for patient-controlled intravenous analgesia can obtain more satisfactory effects after laparoscopic total hysterectomy surgery.Meanwhile, the total consumption of oxycodone and the incidence of nausea and vomiting are significantly decreased.

Objectives:To investigate the clinical efficacy and outcome of lateral lumbar interbody fusion in the treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis(LSS)with redundant nerve roots(RNRs).Methods:The data of 48 LSS patients with RNRs(23 males and 25 females,aged 45-81 years,on average 65.4±7.5 years)treated with lat-eral lumbar interbody fusion between January 2018 and July 2022 in our hospital were analyzed retrospec-tively.Among the patients,17 cases received single-level surgery and 31 cases received multi-level surgery.On the basis of the postoperative supine MRI scans,the patients were divided into RNRs relieved group(group A)and RNRs unrelieved group(group B).Radiographic assessments included disc heights,segmental angle and cross-sectional area of the spinal canal at the RNRs segment before and after operation were per-formed.The visual analogue scale(VAS),Oswestry disability index(ODI)and Japanese Orthopaedic Association(JOA)score were used to evaluate the clinical outcomes at preoperation and 1 month after surgery.Results:All patients underwent surgery successfully.The preoperative cross-sectional area of the spinal canal was 65.2±21.5mm2 in group A and 35.9±11.5mm2 in group B,with a significant difference(P＜0.05).The posterior disk height and cross-sectional area of the spinal canal was 8.3±1.7mm and 92.6±25.8mm2 respectively in group A,and that of group B was 6.0±2.3mm and 45.4±12.1mm2 respectively,the differences were significant-ly statistical(P＜0.05).Furthermore,in 1 month after operation the VAS leg pain,ODI and JOA scores was 2.4±0.8,(24.1±3.0)%and 22.8±1.9 respectively in group A,and that of group B was 3.3±0.8,(30.2±4.4)%and 17.7±2.5 respectively,the differences were significantly statistical(P＜0.05).The total incidence of complications was 10.4%,including anterolateral thigh pain in 4 cases and hip flexor weakness in 1 case,which were released at 3 months of follow-up.Conclusions:Lateral lumbar interbody fusion can eliminate RNRs by restoring postoperative posterior disc height and enlarging the cross-sectional area of spinal canal,which provides an effective treatment for most LSS patients with RNRs.

Objective To observe the effects of perioperative oral pregabalin combined with postop-erative administration of esketamine on acute and chronic pain after thoracoscopy.Methods A total of 129 patients undergoing elective thoracoscopic lobectomy under general anesthesia from September 2020 to August 2021,68 males and 61 females,aged 18-80 years,BMI 15-30 kg/m2,ASA physical status Ⅰ-Ⅲ,were divided into three groups using random number table:esketamine combined with pregabalin group(group PE),pregabalin group(group P),and control group(group C),43 patients in each group.Groups PE and P received 150 mg of oral pregabalin 1 hour before surgery and 150 mg of oral pregabalin continu-ously for 7 days after surgery,twice per day.Group C did not take pregabalin during the perioperative peri-od.The analgesics of patient-controlled intravenous analgesia(PCIA)were sufentanil 100 μg+esketamine 1.25 mg/kg+tropisetron 4 mg with saline added to 100 ml in group PE,and sufentanil 100 μg+tropise-tron 4 mg with saline added to 100 ml in groups P and C.The NRS pain scores at rest and during coughing were recorded 3,6,12,24,and 48 hours after surgeiy.The effective press number of PCIA and the total press number of PCIA were recorded.The dosage of remifentanil,the cumulative sufentanil consumption were recorded during 0-12,12-24,24-48,and 0-48 hours after surgery.The adverse effects such as nau-sea,vomiting,dizziness,pruritus,hallucinations,and nightmares 48 hours after surgery were recorded.The incidences of chronic pain 3 and 6 months after surgery were recorded.Results Compared with group C,the NRS pain scores 3,6,12,24,and 48 hours after surgery,the cumulative sufentanil consumption during 0-12,12-24,24-48,and 0-48 hours after surgery,the effective press number of PCIA,the total press number of PCIA in groups PE and P were significantly decreased(P＜0.05),the incidences of chro-nic pain 3 and 6 months after surgery in group PE were significantly decreased(P＜0.05).Compared with group P,the incidences of chronic pain 3 and 6 months after surgery in group PE were significantly de-creased(P＜0.05).There were no significant differences between the three groups in the dosage of remifentanil,and adverse effects such as nausea,vomiting,dizziness,pruritus,hallucinations,and night-mares 48 hours after surgery.Conclusion Perioperative oral pregabalin combined with postoperative ad-ministration of esketamine can significantly decrease the incidence of chronic pain after thoracoscopy,reduce acute postoperative pain,and spare postoperative opioid usage.