Objective To analyze the allocation and equity of Class-A and Class-B large medical equipment in Shanghai, and to compare them with those in other parts of China and in other OECD countries. Methods The data of large medical equipments were collected from the Health and Family Planning Commission of Shanghai, government websites, relevant research reports and the database of OECD. Gene-coefficients were adopted to evaluate the equity of large equipment allocation. Results In terms of Class-A and Class B large equipments like CTs, MRIs and DSAs per million population, the number for Shanghai by the end of 2015, was 1.325, 5.30, 2.13 and 3.81 units respectively. Except for CTs, this figure was higher than national average, yet lower than average of other OECD countries. In addition, the equity in allocation of Class-B large medical equipment was better than that of Class-A large medical equipment in Shanghai. Conclusions The overall deployment level of large medical equipments in Shanghai remains to be increased, and the equity in allocation of Class-A large medical equipment deserves more attention.

Objective To analyze the allocation and utilization of class-B large medical equipments at public hospitals under Pudong New Area,Shanghai.Methods Data on the allocation and utilization of class-B large medical equipments were collected by a questionnaire survey of 17 public hospitals under Pudong New Area from June to July 2017 and were analyzed in descriptive statistics.Results There were 55 units of class-B large medical equipments at the public hospitals under by Pudong New Area.The average utilization rates of MRI,CT and DSA were 52.62％,61.49％ and 24.43％ respectively.Conclusions The number of class-B large medical equipments has increased at such hospitals,but the services using DSA need to be extended.

Paridis Rhizoma， a traditional valuable Chinese herbal medicine， has the functions of clearing heat and removing toxin， relieving edema and pain， cooling liver and calming convulsion， which can be used to treat various diseases such as mumps， abscess， burn， bleeding， and tumor. It has been used in folk medicine for a long time and is the main raw material of various Chinese patent medicines such as Gongxuening Capsules and Yunnan Baiyao. Polyphyllin Ⅰ， an isospirostanol saponin and one of the main active components in Paridis Rhizoma， is distributed in the rhizome， pericarp， and leaves of Paris polyphylla. With high polarity， polyphyllin Ⅰ is mainly extracted by n-butanol extraction and macroporous adsorption resin chromatography， separated by silica gel column chromatography and preparative high performance liquid chromatography， and purified with the combination of methods. With anti-tumor， anti-inflammatory， antibacterial， and anti-virus effects， it is generally employed to treat liver cancer， lung cancer， gastric cancer and other cancers as well as arthritis， influenza， sore toxin， and bacterial infection. However， polyphyllin Ⅰ may cause stomach irritation， hemolysis， liver damage， kidney damage， heart damage， and other adverse reactions. Pharmacokinetic studies show that it has problems such as low bioavailability and poor intestinal absorption and permeability， which affect the clinical application of polyphyllin Ⅰ. This paper summarizes the research on the plant sources， extraction and separation methods， pharmacological effects， adverse reactions， and pharmacokinetics of polyphyllin Ⅰ in recent years， which is expected to provide a reference for the rational clinical application and other in-depth research work of polyphyllin Ⅰ.