Objective To evaluate the effect of hypoxic-ischemic time on reduction of hypoxic-ischemic brain injury by sevoflurane postconditioning in neonatal rats.Methods Two hundred and ten 7-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats (105 male,105 female),weighing 13-17 g,were randomly divided into 7groups (n=30 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (group Sham),hypoxia-ischemia group (group HI),and sevoflurane postconditioning at different hypoxic-ischemic time point groups (P0,P3,P6,P 12 and P24 groups).Immediately after ligation of the left common carotid artery,and at 3,6,12 and 24 h after ligation,the rats inhaled the mixed gas containing 2％ sevoflurane for 30 min in P0,P3,P6,P13 and P24 groups,respectively.The fatality was recorded within 7 days after establishment of the model.At 7 days after establishment of the model,the rats were sacrificed,the brains were removed,and the right and left cerebral hemispheres were weighed separately,and the left/right cerebral hemisphere weight ratio was calculated.The hippocampal CA1 region and posterior cingulate gyrus were isolated,and the ratio of density of normal neurons in the left to the right was calculated.Results Compared with group Sham,the left cerebral hemisphere weight,left/right cerebral hemisphere weight ratio,and ratio of density of normal neurons were significantly decreased,and the fatality rate was increased in the other six groups (P＜0.05).Compared with group HI,the left cerebral hemisphere weight,left/right cerebral hemisphere weight ratio,and ratio of density of normal ncurons were significantly increased in P0,P3 and P6 groups (P＜0.05),and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in P12 and P24 groups (P＞0.05).Compared with group P6,the left cerebral hemisphere weight,left/right cerebral hemisphere weight ratio,and ratio of density of normal neurons were significantly increased in P0 and P3 groups (P＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in the parameters mentioned above between group P0 and group P3 (P＞0.05).Conclusion Sevoflurane postconditioning performed within 6 h of hypoxia-ischemia can reduce hypoxic-ischemic brain injury,and it provides no cerebral protection if exceeding 12 h.

OBJECTIVEThe paper aims to evaluate the risk factors for age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in elderly Chinese population in Shenyang, a northeast city of China.

METHODSA case-control study was conducted to investigate the risk factors for the prevalence of AMD. Ninety three AMD patients diagnosed by a complete ophthalmic examination were recruited as cases from the outpatient departments of two eye hospitals in Shenyang, while 108 normal subjects of similar age and sex were recruited as controls. A questionnaire was administered among both cases and controls.

RESULTSAMD patients aged 60 years and older accounted for 75.3%. There were significantly higher educational levels, shorter smoking history, less sunlight exposure and cataract, and higher proportion of antioxidants intake in controls than in AMD patients. The frequency of intake of fruits, legumes, fish and shrimps was significantly higher in controls than in AMD patients. In a binary logistic regression analysis, smoking and cataract were the risk factors for AMD (OR: 4.44, 95% CI: 2.27-8.69; OR: 4.47, 95% CI: 2.26-8.85 respectively). The high educational background was a protective factor for AMD (OR: 0.761, 95% CI: 0.51-0.98).

CONCLUSIONA low educational background, smoking and cataract are associated with a higher prevalence of AMD.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Antioxidants ; Case-Control Studies ; Cataract ; complications ; China ; epidemiology ; Dietary Supplements ; utilization ; Educational Status ; Feeding Behavior ; Female ; Humans ; Macular Degeneration ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Risk Factors ; Smoking ; adverse effects ; Sunlight ; adverse effects

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for simultaneous determination of hyperoside,quercitrin,luteoloside, kaempferol,quercetin,rutin,luteolin and isorhamnetin in total flavanones of Sedum sarmentosum Bunge. METHODS:UPLC-MS/MS method was adopted. The determination was performed on ZOBAX SB C18column with mobile phase consisted of methanol-5 mmol/L ammonium formate aqueous solution(45:55,V/V)at the flow rate of 0.4 mL/min. The column temperature was 30 ℃, and sample size was 2 μL. The electrospray ionization source(ESI)was used;ion source temperature was 400 ℃;desolvation temperature was 300 ℃;desolvation gas flow was 600 L/h;capillary voltage was 3 000 V;nebuliser pressure was 45 psi;the work mode was multiple reaction monitoring mode;detection mode was negative ion mode. The established method was used to determine the contents of 8 components in 3 batches of total flavanones of Sedum sarmentosum Bunge. RESULTS:The linear ranges of hyperoside,quercitrin,luteoloside,kaempferol,quercetin,rutin,luteolin and isorhamnetin were 10.0-640.0,0.5-32.0, 4.5-288.0,8.0-512.0,50.0-3 200.0,2.0-128.0,12.5-800.0 and 25.2-1 612.8 ng/mL(r≥0.991 4),respectively. The limits of detection were 5.0,0.25,2.25,4.0,25.0,1.0,6.25 and 12.6 ng/mL,respectively.The limits of quantitation were 10.0,0.5,4.5, 8.0,50.0,2.0,12.5 and 25.2 ng/mL,separately. RSDs of precision,stability(24 h)and reproducibility tests were no more than 4.3%(n=6). The recoveries were 95.9%-100.6%,and RSDs were 1.5%-3.8%(n=6). The contents of hyperoside,quercitrin, luteoloside,kaempferol,quercetin,rutin,luteolin and isorhamnetin in 3 batches of total flavanones of Sedum sarmentosum Bunge were 507.88-560.37,42.95-50.36,63.52-71.80,1 695.10-1 753.27,10 569.28-10 612.99,25.76-30.13,2 795.22-2 877.43 and 4 869.55-4 971.30 μg/g,respectively. CONCLUSIONS:The established method can be used for simultaneous determination of 8 components in total flavanones of Sedum sarmentosum Bunge.

Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of botulinum toxin type A for injection in the treatment of post-stroke upper limb spasticity (dosage was 200 U,or 240 U if combined with thumb spasticity).Methods The study was a multi-center,stratified block randomized,double-blind,placebocontrolled trial.All the qualificd subjects were from 15 clinical centers from September 2014 to February 2016.They were randomized (2∶1) to injections of botulinum toxin type A made in China (200-240 U;n =118) or placebo (n =60) in pivotal phase after informed consent signed.The study was divided into two stages.The pivotal trial phase included a one-week screening,12-week double-blind treatment,followed by an expanded phase which included six-week open-label treatment.The tone of the wrist,finger,thumb flexors was assessed at baseline and at weeks 0,1,4,6,8,12,16 and 18 using Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS),disability in activities of daily living was rated using the Disability Assessment Scale and impaction on pain,muscle tone and deformity was assessed using the Global Assessment Scale.The primary endpoint was the score difference between botulinum toxin type A and placebo groups in the tone of the wrist flexor using MAS at six weeks compared to baseline.Results Muscle tone MAS score in the wrist flexor of botulinum toxin type A and placebo groups at six weeks changed-1.00 (-2.00,-1.00) and 0.00 (-0.50,0.00) respectively from baseline.Botulinum toxin type A was significantly superior to placebo for the primary endpoint (Z =6.618,P ＜ 0.01).The safety measurement showed 10 subjects who received botulinum toxin type A had 13 adverse reactions,with an incidence of 8.47％ (10/118),and three subjects who received placebo had three adverse reactions,with an incidence of 5.00％ (3/60) during the pivotal trial phase.All adverse reactions were mild to moderate,none serious.There was no significant difference in adverse reactions incidence between the botulinum toxin type A and the placebo groups.During the expanded phase three subjects had four adverse reactions and the incidence was 1.95％.All adverse reactions were mild,none serious.Conclusion Botulinum toxin type A was found to be safe and efficacious for the treatment of post-stroke upper limb spasticity.Clinical Trial Registration:China Drug Trials,CTR20131191

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the characteristics of eye movements in patients with idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (iRBD). METHODS: Twenty two patients with iRBD and 20 controls were enrolled between January 2017 and May 2019 from Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine. Clinical data including polysomnogram (PSG) results were collected. Videonystagmography (VNG) including spontaneous nystagmus, gaze, saccade, tracking and optokinetic test were performed. The difference of VNG results between iRBD patients and controls were analyzed. The factors related to the abnormal VNG results were analyzed by using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: No significant differences were found between the iRBD and control groups in the spontaneous nystagmus, gaze nystagmus, square wave jerk, involuntary eye movement, saccade and optokinetic nystagmus (all >0.05). In smooth pursuit of 0.4-0.5 Hz and 0.6-0.7 Hz, iRBD patients had more type Ⅲ-Ⅳ curve than controls (=5.177 and 5.301, both <0.05). Logistic regression analysis indicated that less sleep time of N3 stage was related to the abnormal results in smooth pursuit of 0.4-0.5 Hz (=0.963, <0.05). iRBD patients with Ⅲ-Ⅳ type curve in smooth pursuit of 0.4-0.5 Hz had less N3 sleep time than iRBD patients with Ⅰ-Ⅱ type curve (52±28 min vs. 76±23 min, =2.197, <0.05). CONCLUSIONS Abnormal smooth pursuit was found in iRBD patients, which might be related to the pathological mechanism of iRBD.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical features and implication of restless legs syndrome (RLS) in ischemic stroke patients. METHODS: A total of 199 ischemic stroke patients were enrolled and assessed by polysomnography (PSG). RLS was identified according to criteria of International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group. Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE) and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) were used to evaluate the sleep quality, cognitive function and post-stroke depression, respectively. The National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) was used to evaluate the neurological function 3 months after stroke onset. Gender-and age-matched non-ischemic stroke patients with RLS (primary PLS) were selected as controls. RESULTS: Twenty-two cases of RLS were identified among 199 ischemic stroke patients (11.1%). Generalized linear model and logistic regression showed that low serum ferritin level (=-133.3 mg/L, 95%:-200.4--0.1, <0.01), subcortical infarction (=4.05, 95%:1.15-14.18, <0.05) and female (=2.54, 95%:1.04-6.23, <0.05) were identified as the risk factors of RLS in ischemic stroke patients. Compared with ischemic stroke patients without RLS, ESS increased by 4.37 (95%:2.33-6.41, <0.01), PHQ-9 increased by 2.17 (95%:0.39--3.94, <0.05), and reduced NIHSS from the baseline deceased by 0.97 (95%:-1.79--0.15, <0.05) in ischemic stroke patients with RLS. In addition, the incidence of moderate-severe depression increased (=4.27, 95%:1.40-13.10, <0.05) in ischemic stroke patients with RLS. The index of periodic leg movements of sleep (PLMS) with arousal in ischemic stroke patients with RLS was significantly higher than that in patients with primary RLS (=12.85, 95%:2.04-23.67, <0.05). CONCLUSIONS RLS is common in ischemic stroke patients and has adverse influences on patients.
Brain Ischemia ; complications ; pathology ; Depression ; complications ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Polysomnography ; Restless Legs Syndrome ; complications ; pathology ; Stroke ; complications ; pathology