Objective To establish a diarrhea rat model using multiple-stimulating factors and choosing the best indexes to assess whether the model is consistent with the disease characteristics of liver -QI stagnation with spleen deficien-cy in traditional Chinese medicine .Methods Newborn SD rats were randomly divided into model group ( n=20 ) and control group (n=10).The rats of model group were stimulated by maternal separation , restraint stress and rectum acetic acid irritation, while the rats in control group were fed as normal .Weight changes, rectal sensitivity, Bristol scores and wa-ter content of feces and histology of the colon tissues were used as evaluation indexes to assess whether the model meets the demands for further studies .Results The rats in the model group showed loss of appetite , increase of water intake and u-rine reduction .Some rats showed increased activity , and even mania .Bristol scores and water content of feces were signifi-cantly higher than that of the control group , and the rectal sensitivity was significantly increased .The colon mucosa showed slightly thickened submucosal layer and mild inflammatory cell infiltration in the model rats .Conclusions The rat model established in this study is better to simulate the clinical manifestation of liver -QI stagnation with spleen deficiency in Chi-nese medicine , and may meet the demands of related researches of this disease .

OBJECTIVETo study the anatomy of Dracaena cochinchinensis systematically, and find out the distribution and detect the constituents of its resin, in order to provide substantial foundation for the formation mechanism of its red resin.

METHODThe microscopic structures of D. cochinchinensis were systematically observed by using color micrographics, including stem with and without resin, roots, barks and leaves. The HPLC fingerprints of the stem with and without resin were compared.

RESULTCharacteristics of the tangentical longitudinal section of stem with resin and surface view of leaves were elucidated. Besides xylem vessels and fibers of the stem, it was found that the red resin also exists in the cortex parenchyma cells of the stem and the medulla and xylem of the root. According to the HPLC fingerprint analysis result of the stems with and without resin, a number of flavones and stilbenoids were detected in the stem in which resin appeared after it wounded.

CONCLUSIONNo secretory tissue to secrete resin was found in D. cochinchinensis, further study is needed to elucidate the formation mechanism of its resin.

Dracaena ; anatomy & histology ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Plants, Medicinal ; anatomy & histology ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Resins, Plant ; chemistry ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo establish the processing method of Cistanche tubulosa decoction pieces.

METHODThe orthogonal test of four factors and three levels was used to optimize the main factors in the process of fresh C. tubulosa decoction pieces processing, including the thickness, temperature, and the time for inactivation of the enzyme in the plant. The result showed that the optimized condition was that fresh C. tubulosa was cut into 4 mm thickness, and heated at 70 degrees C for inactivation the enzyme in the plant for 6 min. Moreover, the optimized method was compared with the method of insolation and traditional dried method.

RESULTThe content of echinacoside in the C. tubulosa decoction piece by the optimized method was 7.3 times of that dried by insolation, and 12.8 times of that by traditional dry method; the content of verbascoside was 6. 5 and 14. 9 times of that dried by insolation and by traditional dry method, respectively; the content of galactitol was 7.1 and 13.2 times of that dried by insolation and by traditional dry method, respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe quality of C. tubulosa decoction pieces could be improved by this method, and its crud drug could be saved, which would protect the source of the mild Herba Cistanche, and produced the better economic and ecological benefits.

Cistanche ; chemistry ; Desiccation ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; standards ; Galactitol ; analysis ; Glucosides ; analysis ; Glycosides ; analysis ; Hot Temperature ; Phenols ; analysis ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Quality Control ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; methods

The purpose of the research is to provide a new standard for matching of HLA three-dimensional structure, and summarize the major permissible mismatch and immunogenic mismatch antigens. The molecular modeling method was used to create HLA molecular structures by Swiss Model Server, and the comparison of the differences among the alleles was done by SPDV software with the function of iterative magic fit. The results were recorded by relative mean square deviation (RMSD, nm). The differences among alleles were scattered below 0.06 nm for HLA-A and -B molecules, and below 0.03 nm for HLA-DRB1 molecules. On the basis of the statistical analysis, when RMSD is greater than 0.04 nm for -A and -B molecules and 0.02 nm for -DRB1 molecules, the difference is meaningful and can be related with graft versus host disease. When RMSD is lower than 0.02 nm for -A and -B molecules and 0.01 nm for -DRB1 molecules, the difference is decided unmeaningful. From the data, the permissible mismatch and immunogenic mismatch alleles within HLA-A, HLA-B and HLA-DRB1 molecules were summarized. Three-dimensional structure matching is a new area in the transplantation field, much research should be done in the future.

OBJECTIVETo investigate whether three biallelic polymorphisms at the position -592, -819 and -1082 in the promoter region of the IL-10 gene were associated with the incidence of autoimmune liver disease.

METHODSThe IL-10 -592 and IL-10-1082 polymorphisms were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphisms analysis (PCR-RFLP), while polymerase chain reaction- sequence specific primer (PCR-SSP) assay was used to detect IL-10 -819 polymorphisms.

RESULTSAmong 54 Chinese patients with AIH or 77 Chinese patients with PBC versus healthy controls, the frequency of AA, GA genotypes at IL-10 gene promoter -1082 position was 87.0% or 83.1% versus 90.0%, 13.0% or 16.9% versus 10.0%, respectively (P > 0.05), the GG genotype in Chinese populations is absent; the frequency of CC, CT, TT genotypes at IL-10 gene promoter -819 position was 11.11% or 9.1% versus 8.1%, 44.4% or 53.3% versus 45.0%, 44.4% or 37.7% versus 46.9%, respectively (P > 0.05); the frequency of CC, CA, AA genotypes at IL-10 gene promoter -592 position was 4.9% or 14.3% versus 10.0%, 51.2% or 53.3% versus 51.9%, 43.9% or 32.5% versus 38.1%, respectively (P > 0.05). No alleles differed significantly in each groups.

CONCLUSIONThere were no association between IL-10 gene polymorphisms and autoimmune liver disease

Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Hepatitis, Autoimmune ; genetics ; immunology ; Humans ; Interleukin-10 ; genetics ; Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary ; genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; genetics

The weight coefficients of appearance traits, extract yield of standard decoction, and total content of honokiol and magnolol were determined by analytic hierarchy process(AHP), criteria importance though intercrieria correlation(CRITIC), and AHP-CRITIC weighting method, and the comprehensive scores were calculated. The effects of ginger juice dosage, moistening time, proces-sing temperature, and processing time on the quality of Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex(MOC) were investigated, and Box-Behnken design was employed to optimize the process parameters. To reveal the processing mechanism, MOC, ginger juice-processed Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex(GMOC), and water-processed Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex(WMOC) were compared. The results showed that the weight coefficients of the appearance traits, extract yield of standard decoction, and total content of honokiol and magnolol determined by AHP-CRITIC weighting method were 0.134, 0.287, and 0.579, respectively. The optimal processing parameters of GMOC were ginger juice dosage of 8%, moistening time of 120 min, and processing at 100 ℃ for 7 min. The content of syringoside and magnolflorine in MOC decreased after processing, and the content of honokiol and magnolol followed the trend of GMOC>MOC>WMOC, which suggested that the change in clinical efficacy of MOC after processing was associated with the changes of chemical composition. The optimized processing technology is stable and feasible and provides references for the modern production and processing of MOC.
Ginger ; Magnolia/chemistry* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry* ; Biphenyl Compounds/chemistry* ; Lignans/chemistry*

Saussurea lappa originates in India, and now mainly grow in Yunnan, Sichuan and other places in China. It is one of the commonly used traditional herbal medicines in Tibet and other minority regions, with effects in regulating qi to relieve pain and invigo-rating spleen to promote food. It has been used in clinic for gastrointestinal diseases, such as Qi stagnation syndrome of spleen and stomach, diarrhea and tenesmus. More than 200 compounds have been identified from S. lappa. Among them, sesquiterpenoids attracted much attention. In terms of the number of compounds, eudesmanetype is dominant, guaiane and germacranetypes have also been reported frequently. Pharmacological studies have involved extracts, volatile oils and monomeric components represented by dehydrocostus lactone. Anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial effects on digestive system have attracted great attention. However, due to the complex sources of S. lappa and widely used in clinical practice, there is few research progress on relevant chemical constituents and pharmacological activities. This paper systematically summarizes terpenes and the pharmacological effects of S. lappa, in order to provide basis for further studies and clinical applications.
China ; Plant Extracts ; Saussurea ; Sesquiterpenes ; Terpenes ; Tibet