Objective: To investigate the status of overweight and obesity and associated factors among primary and middle school students in Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province, so as to provide insights into formulating the prevention and control strategies for overweight and obesity in students. Methods: Primary and middle school students from 5 counties (cities, districts) of Huzhou City were selected by using stratified cluster random sampling method from September to November, 2023. The general information, dietary habits and exercise behaviors were collected using the Student Health Status and Influencing Factors Questionnaire. Height and weight were measured, and body mass index was used to analyze overweight and obesity in primary and middle school students. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of overweight and obesity. Results: A total of 7 573 students were surveyed, including 3 791 males (50.06%) and 3 782 females (49.94%). There were 2 754 primary school students (36.37%), 2 744 junior high school students (36.23%) and 2 075 senior high school students (27.40%). There were 2 166 students with overweight and obesity (28.60%), 1 186 students with overweight (15.66%), and 980 students with obesity (12.94%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that gender (female, OR=0.546, 95%CI: 0.493-0.604), frequency of sweetened beverage consumption (once and more per day, OR=1.349, 95%CI: 1.102-1.650), and frequency of milk and milk products consumption (less than once per day, OR=0.742, 95%CI: 0.577-0.954) were the influencing factors for overweight and obesity in primary and middle school students. Conclusion The prevalence of overweight and obesity among primary and middle school students in Huzhou City is 28.60%, and is associated with gender, frequency of sweetened beverages and milk and milk products consumption.

AIM To investigate the clinical effects of Jingu Xiaotong Powder combined with platelet-rich plasma on patients with knee osteoarthritis.METHODS Ninety-six patients were randomly assigned into control group(48 cases)for 8-week administration of platelet-rich plasma,and observation group(48 cases)for 8-week administration of both Jingu Xiaotong Powder and platelet-rich plasma.The changes in clinical effects,IL-17,SDF-1,TLR4,GSH-Px,NO,ox-LDL,WOMAC scores,TCM syndrome score,AIM2-SF score were detected.RESULTS The observation group demonstrated higher total effective rate than the control group(P<0.05).After the treatment,the two groups displayed decreased IL-17,SDF-1,TLR4,NO,ox-LDL,WOMAC scores,TCM syndrome score(P<0.05),and increased GSH-Px,AIM2-SF score(P<0.05),especially for the observation group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION For the patients with knee osteoarthritis,Jingu Xiaotong Powder combined with platelet-rich plasma can reduce IL-17,SDF-1,TLR4 levels,inhibit body inflammation,improve oxidative stress indices,alleviate pain,and enhance clinical efficacy and life quality.

Objective:This paper mainly discusses the health policy of early life of pregnant women and infants in Beijing as an example,and to provide the basis for policy formulation and optimization.Methods:By using the content analysis method,149 policy texts are divided into two dimensions:policy objectives and policy instruments.The results are described by manual coding,cross analysis and trend analysis.Results:In regard to Policy Objectives,improvement of maternal and child health service levels accounts for the biggest proportion(61.7%),whereas improvement of research level accounts for the least(8.1%).In the four dimensions of policy instruments,mandatory,spontaneous,capacity-building,and incentive tools account for 90%,55%,48%and 42%respectively.According to the trend analysis,integrity of policy system has been continuously improved and the proportion of infant and child care has also increased.Both cross-analysis and trend analysis have showed the strong use of coercive and incentive tools by relevant policies;The use of spontaneous and capacity-building tools is low and decreases over time.Conclusion:Improving the level of maternal and child health services is the core concern of Beijing's early life health policy.However,relatively little attention is paid to the family,infant and child care,and scientific research construction.As for Policy Instruments,mandatory tools are widely used;Incentive Tools and Spontaneous Tools are mainly applied in well-being and soft guidance;insufficient use of Capacity-building Tools.Suggestions:In the future,the policy system should be further improved,which should be targeted and deficiency-mending.It is suggested that more resources should be increased for the family system,more attention should be paid to vulnerable groups early in life,and more financial support should be applied to scientific research on maternal and child health.

BACKGROUND: LY01005 (Goserelin acetate sustained-release microsphere injection) is a modified gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist injected monthly. This phase III trial study aimed to evaluated the efficacy and safety of LY01005 in Chinese patients with prostate cancer. METHODS: We conducted a randomized controlled, open-label, non-inferiority trial across 49 sites in China. This study included 290 patients with prostate cancer who received either LY01005 or goserelin implants every 28 days for three injections. The primary efficacy endpoints were the percentage of patients with testosterone suppression ≤50 ng/dL at day 29 and the cumulative probability of testosterone ≤50 ng/dL from day 29 to 85. Non-inferiority was prespecified at a margin of -10%. Secondary endpoints included significant castration (≤20 ng/dL), testosterone surge within 72 h following repeated dosing, and changes in luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and prostate specific antigen levels. RESULTS: On day 29, in the LY01005 and goserelin implant groups, testosterone concentrations fell below medical-castration levels in 99.3% (142/143) and 100% (140/140) of patients, respectively, with a difference of -0.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], -3.9% to 2.0%) between the two groups. The cumulative probabilities of maintaining castration from days 29 to 85 were 99.3% and 97.8%, respectively, with a between-group difference of 1.5% (95% CI, -1.3% to 4.4%). Both results met the criterion for non-inferiority. Secondary endpoints were similar between groups. Both treatments were well-tolerated. LY01005 was associated with fewer injection-site reactions than the goserelin implant (0% vs . 1.4% [2/145]). CONCLUSION: LY01005 is as effective as goserelin implants in reducing testosterone to castration levels, with a similar safety profile. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04563936.
Humans ; Male ; Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal/therapeutic use* ; East Asian People ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone/agonists* ; Goserelin/therapeutic use* ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; Prostatic Neoplasms/drug therapy* ; Testosterone

OBJECTIVES: The metabolomics technique of LC-MS/MS combined with data analysis was used to detect changes and differences in metabolic profiles in the vitreous humor of early rat carcasses found in water, and to explore the feasibility of its use for early postmortem submersion interval (PMSI) estimation and the cause of death determination. METHODS: The experimental model was established in natural lake water with 100 SD rats were randomly divided into a drowning group (n=50) and a postmortem (CO₂ suffocation) immediately submersion group (n=50). Vitreous humor was extracted from 10 rats in each group at 0, 6, 12, 18 and 24 h postmortem for metabolomics analyses, of which 8 were used as the training set to build the model, and 2 were used as test set. PCA and PLS multivariate statistical analysis were performed to explore the differences in metabolic profiles among PMSI and causes of death in the training set samples. Then random forest (RF) algorithm was used to screen several biomarkers to establish a model. RESULTS: PCA and PLS analysis showed that the metabolic profiles had time regularity, but no differences were found among different causes of death. Thirteen small molecule biomarkers with good temporal correlation were selected by RF algorithm. A simple PMSI estimation model was constructed based on this indicator set, and the data of the test samples showed the mean absolute error (MAE) of the model was 0.847 h. CONCLUSIONS The 13 metabolic markers screened in the vitreous humor of rat corpses in water had good correlations with the early PMSI. The simplified PMSI estimation model constructed by RF can be used to estimate the PMSI. Additionally, the metabolic profiles of vitreous humor cannot be used for early identification of cause of death in water carcasses.
Animals ; Biomarkers/metabolism* ; Cadaver ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Immersion ; Postmortem Changes ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; Vitreous Body/metabolism* ; Water/metabolism*

Objective: To explore the heterogeneity and correlation of clinical phenotypes and genotypes in children with disorders of sex development (DSD). Methods: A retrospective study of 1 235 patients with clinically proposed DSD in 36 pediatric medical institutions across the country from January 2017 to May 2021. After capturing 277 DSD-related candidate genes, second-generation sequencing was performed to analyzed the heterogeneity and correlation combined with clinical phenotypes. Results: Among 1 235 children with clinically proposed DSD, 980 were males and 255 were females of social gender at the time of initial diagnosis with the age ranged from 1 day of age to 17.92 years. A total of 443 children with pathogenic variants were detected through molecular genetic studies, with a positive detection rate of 35.9%. The most common clinical phenotypes were micropenis (455 cases), hypospadias (321 cases), and cryptorchidism (172 cases) and common mutations detected were in SRD5A2 gene (80 cases), AR gene (53 cases) and CYP21A2 gene (44 cases). Among them, the SRD5A2 mutation is the most common in children with simple micropenis and simple hypospadias, while the AMH mutation is the most common in children with simple cryptorchidism. Conclusions: The SRD5A2 mutation is the most common genetic variant in Chinese children with DSD, and micropenis, cryptorchidism, and hypospadias are the most common clinical phenotypes. Molecular diagnosis can provide clues about the biological basis of DSD, and can also guide clinicians to perform specific clinical examinations. Target sequence capture probes and next-generation sequencing technology can provide effective and economical genetic diagnosis for children with DSD.
3-Oxo-5-alpha-Steroid 4-Dehydrogenase/genetics* ; Child ; China/epidemiology* ; Cryptorchidism/genetics* ; Disorders of Sex Development/genetics* ; Female ; Genital Diseases, Male ; Genotype ; Humans ; Hypospadias/genetics* ; Male ; Membrane Proteins/genetics* ; Penis/abnormalities* ; Phenotype ; Retrospective Studies ; Steroid 21-Hydroxylase/genetics*

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of skin diseases and diabetes mellitus (DM) are prominent around the world. The current scope of knowledge regarding the prevalence of skin diseases and comorbidities with type 2 DM (T2DM) is limited, leading to limited recognition of the correlations between skin diseases and T2DM. METHODS: We collected 383 subjects from the Da Qing Diabetes Study during the period from July 9th to September 1st, 2016. The subjects were categorized into three groups: Normal glucose tolerance (NGT), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and T2DM. The prevalence and clinical characteristics of skin diseases were recorded and investigated. RESULTS: In this cross-sectional study, 383 individuals with ages ranging from 53 to 89-year-old were recruited. The overall prevalence of skin diseases was 93.5%, and 75.7% of individuals had two or more kinds of skin diseases. Additionally, there were 47 kinds of comorbid skin diseases in patients with T2DM, of which eight kinds of skin diseases had a prevalence >10%. The prevalence of skin diseases in NGT, IGT, and T2DM groups were 93.3%, 91.5%, and 96.6%, respectively; stratified analysis by categories showed a statistically significant difference in "disturbances of pigmentation" and "neurological and psychogenic dermatoses". The duration of T2DM also significantly associated with the prevalence of "disturbances of pigmentation" and "neurological and psychogenic dermatoses". Subsequently, the prevalence of "disturbances of pigmentation" was higher in males than females in NGT (P < 0.01) and T2DM (P < 0.01) groups. In addition, the difference in the prevalence of "disturbances of pigmentation" was also significant in NGT and T2DM groups (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS There was a high prevalence of skin diseases in the Da Qing Diabetes Study. To address the skin diseases in the Da Qing Diabetes Study, increased awareness and intervention measures should be implemented.
Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Blood Glucose ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology* ; Female ; Glucose Intolerance/epidemiology* ; Glucose Tolerance Test ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Skin Diseases/epidemiology*

COVID-19 ; Female ; Humans ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/drug therapy* ; Pregnancy Outcome ; Premature Birth ; Retrospective Studies ; SARS-CoV-2

Qixuehe Capsules is a compound Chinese patent medicine developed for treating the disorder of Qi and blood(a common etiology of gynecological disease), which has remarkable effects on smoothing liver and regulating Qi, activating blood circulation, and relieving pain. However, due to its complex prescriptions(15 herbs) and multiple effects, the quality control of Qixuehe Capsules has always been a bottleneck problem limiting its sustainable development. Therefore, this study adopted the traditional Chinese medicine Q-markers quantitative identification system established previously by our research group based on the combination of analytic hierarchy process and entropy weight methods. With the different effects of Qixuehe Capsules as the entry point, the comprehensive scores of chemical ingre-dients in Qixuehe Capsules under the items of effectiveness(smoothing liver and regulating qi, activating blood circulation, and relieving pain), testability and specificity were calculated and integrated, respectively. Subsequently, through the analysis of compatibility relationship of Qixuehe Capsules, 15 active ingredients with high comprehensive scores were found to be the top Q-mar-kers of Qixuehe Capsules, including ferulic acid, quercetin, caffeic acid, kaempferol, rutin, Z-ligustilide, senkyunolide Ⅰ, vanillic acid, protocatechuic acid, chlorogenic acid, rosmarinic acid, senkyunolide A, gallic acid, tetrahydropalmatine and eugenol. Collectively, this study not only provided scientific evidence for further research on the improvement and standardization of quality standards of Qixuehe Capsules but also provided methodological references for the quantitative identification of Q-markers of multi-effect traditional Chinese medicine formulae.
Analytic Hierarchy Process ; Capsules ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Entropy ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy of modified Chushi Juanbitang combined with pedicle vertebrotomy on kyphosis of ankylosing spondylitis due to syndrome of dampness-heat obstruction. Method:The 90 cases were randomly divided into control group and observation group， 45 cases in each group. The patients in control group received pedicle vertebrotomy + Tripterygium glycosides， and the patients in observation group received pedicle vertebrotomy + modified Chushi Juanbitang. The treatment course was 6 months in both groups. Their bath ankylosing spondylitis disease activity index （BASDAI）， bath ankylosing spondylitis measure index （BASMI）， imaging index， traditional Chinese medicine syndromes， serum proinflammatory factor， anti-inflammatory factor， bone metabolism index ［bone-specific alkaline phosphatase （BALP）， tartrate resistant acid phosphatase isomer-5b （TRACP-5 b）， bone morphogenetic protein-2 （BMP-2）， osteocalcin （BGP）］， ossification related proteins ［bone morphogenetic protein-7 （BMP-7）， dickkopf-related protein-1 （DKK-1）， and tissue inhibitor matrix metalloproteinase-2 （TIMP-2）， sclerostin（SOST）］ were observed and detected. The clinical efficacy， recurrence rate and safety indexes were followed up for 12 months and compared. Result:The total effective rate was 97.73% （43/44） in the observation group， higher than 80.95% （34/42） in the control group （χ²=5.172， P<0.05）. In the comparison with control group after treatment， the BASDAI， BASMI， imaging index， traditional Chinese medicine syndromes， proinflammatory factors， TRACP-5b， BMP-7 and TIMP-2 were lower in observation group （P<0.05）， and the anti-inflammatory factors， BALP， BMP-2， BGP， DKK-1 and SOST were higher in observation group （P<0.05）. During the follow-up for at least 12 months， the recurrence rate was 4.65% （2/43） in observation group， lower than 26.47% （9/34） in control group （χ²=4.261， P<0.05）. There was no significant difference in the incidence of postoperative complications between the two groups. The incidence of adverse reactions was 2.27% （1/44） in observation group， lower than 38.64% （17/44） in control group （χ²=5.763， P<0.05）. Conclusion:Modified Chushi Juanbitang combined with pedicle vertebrotomy is effective in the treatment of kyphosis of ankylosing spondylitis due to syndrome of dampness-heat obstruction.