Objective To investigate the resistant mechanism of imipenem-resistant K. pneumoniae.Methods The minimal inhibitive concentrations (MICs) of the antimicrobial agents were determined by Etest.Isoelectric focusing electrophoresis (IEF),plasmid extraction,conjugation, transformation,PCR amplification,cloning and sequencing were carried out for analyzing the encoding gene of ?-1actamases.Results Three kinds of ?-1actamases were detected with pIs of 7.2,6.7,and 5.4.in a clinical strain of K.pneumoniae.These ?-1actamases were TEM-I (pI,5.4),SHV-12 (pI,8.2) and KPC-2 ( pI,6.7 ) confirmed by sequencing of the PCR products.Only one band of ?-1actamase with pI 6.7 was displayed in the transformant.A 1500 bp segment,which contained the KPC-2 gene confirmed by nucleotide sequence analysis,was cloned from a 60 000 bp plasmid of the transformant.Conclusion The strain of K.pneumoniae resistant to imipenem produces a plasmid-mediated carbapenemase KPC-2 which belongs to Bush group 2f,class A ?-1actamase.

In this study, the variation of pharmacokinetics behavior of raltitrexed (RTX) in rats after repeatedly injected with Huangqi injection was investigated. Twelve SD rats were divided into two groups: the multidose group and the RTX group. Rats in multidose group were iv. injected with Huangqi injection (dose of 1.575 mL x kg(-1)) everyday at 8 am for a week, and had free accesses for food and water. The rats were fasted for food but not water since 8 h before the eighth day. At the eighth morning, firstly, rats were injected with Huangqi injection (dose of 1.575 mL x kg(-1)), and 5 min later, were injected with RTX (dose of 0.467 mg x kg(-1)); rats in RTX group were not disposed in the previous seven days, also had free accesses for food and water, and were iv. injected with raltitrexed at the same time as Multidose group at the eighth day morning. Rat plasma was collected at different time and processed with methanol to precipitate the protein before HPLC assays. The pharmacokinetics parameters for two groups were calculated by software 3P97. Through the observation of drug concentration in plasma and time curve, we found that at almost every time point the concentration of RTX in plasma in multidose group was lower than the RTX group. When comparing the pharmacokinetics parameters between the multidose group and the RTX group, the average of AUC(0-t) and half-life(t1/2) of multidose group were decreased from 56 080 microg x min x L(-1) and 15.07 min to 35 834 microg x min x L(-1) and 8.95 min, respectively, while the clearance (CL) was increased from 0.51 to 0.83 mL x h(-1). Therefore, it could be deduced that repeatedly injected with AR injection may influence the renal excretion and glycometabolism of RTX, thus change pharmacokinetics behavior of raltitrexed in rats plasma. This result may give us a hint to prudantly manage the drug combination of RTX and Huangqi injection.
Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Female ; Injections ; Male ; Quinazolines ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Thiophenes ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacokinetics

Objective To investigate the efficacy of spectral entropy measurement in reflection of depth of anesthesia and noxious stimulation. Methods Forty-five patients of ASAⅠorⅡ were randomly divided into three groups(n=15).Group A,B and C received fentanyl 1,3 and 5 ?g/kg,respectively,3 min before target controlled infusion(TCI) of propofol.Intubation was performed when the effect-site concentration(CE)reached 3.5 ?g/mL,which was maintained until 5 min after incision.Response entropy(RE),State entropy(SE) as well as heart rate(HR),mean arterial pressure(MAP) were measured at the time points of before fentanyl and 2,3 min after fentanyl,every CE of propofol steps,before intubation,immediately and 1,3,5 min after intubation,before skin incision,and 0.5,1,3,5 min after skin incision,respectively. Results Three minutes after receiving fentanyl,the values of RE and SE in the three groups decreased significantly in a dose-dependent manner,and increased obviously at the same degree during intubation and after skin incision.The values recovered to the level before stress stimulation 1 min after intubation and 5 min after skin incision.There were no differences in the fluctuation of RE and SE among the three groups when the CE of propofol reached 1.0 ?g/mL.Conclusion Spectral entropy may effectively reflect the depth of anesthesia,but not analgesia during anesthesia.

AIM: To study the role of nitric oxide ( NO ) and γ-aminobutyric acid ( GABA) in the formation of amblyopia by establishing 2 different types of amblyopic models.METHODS:A total of 18 aged 3-week kittens were randomly divided into monocular deprivation, strabismus and normal groups. All types of amblyopia were developed in the experimental eyes that were detected by P-VEP 12wk later. The cats were killed and the immunocytochemistry staining method were applied to observe under the light microscope the changes of distribution and positive cells areas of NO and GABA across the amblyopic retinal, compared to that from the normal cats of identical age.
RESULTS: The P-VEP showed that the amplitude of wave P1 was lower (P<0. 05) and the P1 latent time was longer ( P<0. 05 ) in two types of amblyopic cats than those in the normal cats. Compared to the normal cats, the NO and GABA positive cells areas were obviously reduced ( P<0. 05 ) across the retina in the amblyopic cats. But no significant difference was found between two kinds of amblyopic cats.
CONCLUSION:The NO and GABA play an important role in the formation of amblyopia in the level of retinal.

To study pharmacokinetics behavior of Raltitrexed (RTX) after single injected with Radix Astragali (RA); twelve rats were divided into two groups: RTX (administrated iv. of raltitrexed); RTX with RA (administrated iv. of raltitrexed after single iv. dose of 3. 15 g x kg(-1)), rat plasma was collected and processed before HPLC assays; The established HPLC method was rapid, specific and precise. Between RTX and RTX with RA groups, half-life (t1/2), AUC(0-t) and CL showed no statistically significant differences; RA co-administration did not affect the pharmacokinetics of raltitrexed.
Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Astragalus Plant ; chemistry ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drug Interactions ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Quinazolines ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Thiophenes ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics

With the rapid development of surgery and the expansion of indications for surgical treatment ，the number of non-obstetric operations during pregnancy and infant operations has been increasing. Most of these operations need to be performed under general anesthesia，and the developing brain of fetus and infants are inevitably exposed to general anesthetics. Therefore，in recent years，the neurotoxicity effects of general anesthetics on the developing brain have become the focus and controversy in the medical sciences. Especially in 2016，US Food and Drug Administration（FDA）added black box for warning of general anesthetics commonly used in clinic，which caused confusion among doctors，patients and staffs in the related fields. Therefore，we will elaborate the preclinical and clinical studies of neurotoxicity of general anesthetics in combination with the characteristics of developing brain.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression and significance of Cyclin D1 in oral squamous cell ma (OSCC).

METHODSA immunohistochemistry method, Envosion, was employed to test the manifesting Cyclin D1 in pathological slices of 50 OSCC cases and 10 normal cases, and the results was treated with statistical lysis.

RESULTSIn 50 OSCC cases, Cyclin D1 mainly manifested in karyon, and a little in cytoplasm. manifesting rates of Cyclin D1 in the samples was 80.0%, which was significantly higher than the manifesting of 20.0% in normal oral mucous membrane (P < 0.01). The manifestation of Cyclin D1 was correlated with rent pathological grades, clinical phases and lymph node metastasis (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe abnormal tation of Cyclin D1 is closely related with the occurrence and development of OSCC. Therefore, it can subsidiary index for OSCC treatment and prognosis.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Cyclin D1 ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Mouth Mucosa ; Mouth Neoplasms ; Prognosis

Objective:To observe the effect of acupuncture in regulating ubiquitin-proteasome pathway (UPP),and discuss the action of acupuncture in intervening heroin-induced brain damage.Methods:Thirty male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into a control group,a model group and an acupuncture group by using the random number table.Rats in the model and acupuncture groups received intramuscular heroin injection for successive 8 d at a progressively increased dose.Afterwards,the injection was suspended for 5 d for withdrawal.The heroin relapse rat model was established by repeating the drug addiction and withdrawal process for 3 times.The control group followed the step of the model establishment,but was given intramuscular injection of normal saline at the stage of addiction and no intervention at the stage of withdrawal;the model group was given intramuscular heroin injection at a progressively increased dose at the addiction stage and no intervention at the withdrawal stage;the acupuncture group was dealt in the same way as the model group at the addiction stage,but received acupuncture at Baihui (GV 20) and Dazhui (GV 14) at the withdrawal stage,with the needles retained for 30 min each time,1 session a day,for successive 5 d.On the 39th day,brain tissues were extracted from the hippocampus and ventral tegmental area (VTA) of the three groups of rats.The apoptosis of brain nerve cells was detected by using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick and labeling (TUNEL).The mRNA and protein expressions of ubiquitin (Ub),ubiquitin protein ligase (E3) and 26S were examined by immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR).Results:Compared with the model group,rat's hippocampus and VTA in the acupuncture group showed significantly fewer cells positively stained by TUNEL staining (P＜0.01),and its mRNA and protein expressions of Ub,E3,26S were significantly lower (P＜0.01).Conclusion:Reducing nerve cell apoptosis and regulating the mRNA and protein expressions of Ub,E3 and 26S in rat's hippocampus and VTA are possibly one of the action mechanisms of acupuncture in intervening heroin-induced brain damage.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the advantages, disadvantages and their indications of total nasal reconstruction with different techniques.

METHODSA series of total nasal reconstruction were treated with four methods from 1975 to 2003. These methods were tubed flap of arm,midline forehead flap with skin graft, midline forehead flap with bilateral frontotemporal flaps for repairing the donor site, and expanded forehead flap.

RESULTSAll of the patients were treated successfully. The shape and function of the reconstructed noses were satisfactory. However, the traditional forehead flap with skin graft may leave a unsightly big and black scar on the forehead. The technique of the tubed flap of arm could provide enough tissue without remaining forehead scar and be easily shaped, but it required long period, multiple procedures and body fixation for three weeks.

CONCLUSIONSMidline forehead flap with bilateral frontotemporal flaps for repairing the donor site may be good for small nose reconstruction while expanded forehead flap could reconstruct a big nose. Tubed flap of arm may be used to the patients who do not wish to leave any scar on the forehead. Forehead flap with skin graft to repair the donor sit- should generally be avoided for nose reconstruction.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nose ; surgery ; transplantation ; Nose Deformities, Acquired ; surgery ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Reproducibility of Results ; Retrospective Studies ; Skin Transplantation ; methods ; Surgical Flaps ; Treatment Outcome

The effect of acupuncture on substance withdrawl syndromes and craving relapse prevention of the recent 10 years were reviewed as well as its mechanism. The therapeutic effect and the possible mechanism were analyzed on the basis. From the three aspects of anti protracted abstinence symptoms, craving relapse prevention and mechanism of acupuncture, the development tendency and the prospect of application on drug withdrawl with acupuncture were expected. And it is proposed that clinical observation of acupuncture intervention on craving should be developed, the mechanism of acupuncture impact on cognitive behavior, blocking study and memory processing related to drug addiction should be explored, so as to further give play to the advantages of acupuncture on anti-drug addiction.
Acupuncture Therapy ; Humans ; Substance-Related Disorders ; therapy ; Time Factors