Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cross Infection ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Length of Stay ; Retrospective Studies

Objective To explore the effect of sodium fluoride on DNA damage and apoptosis on ox peripheral blood lymphocyte cultured in vitro.Methods Using lymphoeytes separation medium lymphocytes were separated and different concentration of NaF(0,4,8,12,16 mg/L)were added into the cultual system of lymphocytes for 24 h.Cell viability was measured by MTT.nuclear changes stained by acridine orange-ethidium bromine staining (AO/EB)were observed under fluoroscope,DNA fragment was measured by agarose gel electrophoresis.DNA damage was detected by alkaline SCGE.The differences between each groups were compared.Results Cells were exposed to 4,8,16 and 24 mg/L NaF in 24 h,cell survival rates,respectively being(73.743±0.552)%,(69.184±0.724)%,(65.736±0.055)%and(63.651±0.287)%,decreased significantly compared to control group.There were distinctive cell apoptosis,evident DNA damage and visible dose-effect relation(R2=0.7456).Conclusions A certain concentration of sodium fluoride lcads to lymphocytes apoptosis and DNA damage.

Background The integration of segregated pathways from the two eyes first appears in V1 neurons,where it not only plays a critical role in the generation of a three-dimensional visual representation.Abnormal visual experiences in critical period usually lead to amblyopia and binocular integration defects.Objective Present study was to investigate how neurons of kitten coordinate their activity patterns in response to synchronous dichoptic stimulus inputs in striate cortex.Methods Spike rate and local field potential(LFP) gamma band(20-90Hz) power of three kitten(1-1.2Kg,8-10 weeks old) to monocular and synchronous dichoptic presented gratings were assessed for 28 binocular neurons in V1 of kitten by in vivo extracellular record method under anaesthesia and paralysis.Ocular dominance index(ODI) and binocular integration index(BII) were assessed and the correlation between these two indexes were analyzed.Results In 28 cells with binocular characteristic,the absolute value of spike-ODI was significant larger than that of LFP-ODI(t=2.606,P=0.021).A positive linear correlation between the ocular preferences of spike and LFP was found(R2=0.513,F=27.423,P=0.003).In dichotic trails,binocular facilitation with BII for spike was 2.348±0.996,showing a significant reduce in comparison with BII for LFP(3.678±1.974)(t=2.671,P=0.019).Binocular integration index for two signals were greater when monocular responses of both eyes were similar(P=0.035 and P=0.124,respectively).Conclusion Both spike rate and gamma band power of LFP exhibited binocular facilitation to synchronous presented dichotic stimuli with significant facilitation induced by balanced monocular responses.Spiking activity and LFP reflect neural activities of different spatial scales and source components.

Objective To clarify the protective effect of nrsodeoxycholic acid ( UDCA ) on endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis in pancreatic β-cell of streptozotocin ( STZ )-induced diabetic rats.Methods Rats( n =40) received a single injection STZ( 50 mg/kg) intra-peritoneally and formed a β-cell injury model.Weight-matched normal rats( the control group,n =10 ) were injected with the buffer alone.STZ-treated rats with persistent random blood glucose higher than 16.7 mmol/L for 1 week were considered as diabetic status( n=14 ),then divided randomly into STZ-induced diabetes mellitus ( DM ) group ( n =7 ) and UDCA-treated DM group ( n =7 ).UDCA (40 mg· kg- 1,d-1 ) was administered daily by intragastric intubations throughout the experimental period (30 d).During the entire experiment,blood glucose in all rats was assessed.By the end of the experiment,all rats were sacrificed with the pancreas removed and the blood sample collected immediately.Fasting insulin levels were assayed by radioimmunoassay.The morphological changes of pancreatic β-cells apoptosis were determined by TUNEL assay.RNA in pancreas was abstracted and microarray containing 89 pieces of apoptosis related genes was applied.The related gene expressions were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot.Results The concentration of blood glucose in diabetic rats was gradually decreased after UDCA treatment,but at the end of the experiment it was still higher than that in the normal control group.The treatment with UDCA raised the fasting insulin level in diabetic rats,but this concentration was significantly lower as compared to the control group.Based on TUNEL stained tissue sections,the percentage of β-cell apoptosis of UDCA-treated DM group was significantly lower than that of STZ-induced diabetic group(P＜0.05 ).Among 89 genes,42 genes up-regulated and 46 genes down-regulated in diabetic rats,some of which were ameliorated by UDCA treatment.The expressions of Caspase-3,Bax,Bip,and CHOP mRNA in pancreas of DM group were significantly up-regulated as compared with those in the control group ( P ＜ 0.05 ) ; while the expression of Bcl-2 mRNA was markedly down-regulated (P＜0.05 ).However,these parameters in the U DCA-treated animals showed a marked improvement.Conclusion Ursodeoxycholic acid seems to protect pancreatic β-cell from apoptosis in STZ-induced diabetes by attenuating the severity of endoplasmic reticulum stress.

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of a novel anvil insertion technique in intracorporeal esophagojejunostomy and esophagogastrostomy after laparoscopic total or proximal gastrectomy.Methods A total of 40 patients with gastric cancer underwent laparoscopy-assisted radical total or proximal gastrectomy with lymph node dissection,followed by esophagojejunostomy or esophagogastrostomy using a reverse anvil insertion technique (the observation group,n =22) or traditional open surgery technique (the control group,n =18).Data of the two groups were compared.Results In observation group,laparoscopic total gastrectomy and esophagojejunostomy were successfully performed in 17 patients,laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy and esophagogastrostomy were successfully performed in the 5 patients,and no conversion to open surgery occurred.The mean time of operation was (272.0 ±49.8)min,including (12.9 ±4.3)min for anvil insertion and (48.1 ± 12.8)min for digestive tract reconstruction,which were significantly shorter than those in control group (P ＜ 0.05).The mean time of getting out of bed in observation group was (3.4 ± 0.8) d,the mean time of post-surgical eating was (8.0 ± 2.6) d,and the mean time of hospitalization was (10.8 ±3.3)d,which were all similar with those from the control group (P ＞0.05).Conclusion The reverse anvil insertion technique is a reliable strategy for laparoscopic esophagojejunostomy or esophagogastrostomy.

Objective To study the biodistribution of anti-HER-2/neu monoclonal antibody Herceptin labeled by 131I(131I-Herceptin) in healthy KM mice and nude mice bearing human ovarian cancer xenografts and radioimmunoimaging (RII) of the nude xenografts-bearing mice.Methods 131I-Herceptin was prepared using Iodogen method.The labeling efficiency, radiochemical purity, stability and immunocompetence were measured.The percentage activity of injection dose per gram of tissue (%ID/g) and the radioactivity ratio of tumor to non-tumor tissue (T/NT) were calculated for each time point.The optimal time for imaging was investigated by comparing the 131I-Herceptin SPECT for the nude mouse models bearing ovarian cancer xenografts at different time points.Results The labeling efficiency and radiochemical purity of 131I-Herceptin were 89.8% and 98.4%, respectively.The labeling was stable and had good immunocompetence.131 I-Herceptin was cleared rapidly mainly through liver, spleen and kidneys, consistent with first order two-compartment model.The uptake of 131I-Herceptin in the tumors bearing human SKOV-3 xenografts was much higher than that in nontumor tissue.The% ID/g was 18.08 in the tumor at 24 h post injection.The T/NT ratio increased with time and was 27.27 at 72 h post injection.The tumors in nude mice bearing SKOV-3 xenografts could be visualized on 131I-Herceptin SPECT imaging 2 h post injection; definitely identiffed 48 h post injection and the radioactivity ratio of tumor to contralateral tissue was 11.44 at 120 h post injection.However, the tumor in nude mice bearing HO-8910 xenografts did not show abnormal uptake of 131 I-Herceptin at each time point.Conclusions 131 I-Herceptin is a good radiopharmaceutical targeting SK-OV-3 xeuografts and it may be useful in imaging carcinoma of ovary and target therapy of its metastases with high HER-2/neu expression.

Objective To improve the diagnosis and treatment of ureteral cancer. Methods A retrospective analysis of 24 cases of primary ureteral cancer treated from January 1990 to March 2005 was performed.The diagnostic value of ultrasound,IVU,CT,MRU and the patients' outcomes were reviewed. There were 19 males and 5 females aged 38-72 years(mean,59 years).The tumors were on the left side in 16 cases and on the right in 8.Of the 24 cases,17(71%)had gross hematuria and 7(29%)had micro- scopic hematuria.Urine cytology was performed in 16 cases with a positive rate of 6.3%.B-ultrasonic exami- nation showed hydronephrosis in 19 cases(79%)and low-echo space-occupying disease of middle-inferior ureter in 3(12%).IVU demonstrated hydronephrosis in 20 cases(83%)and filling defect of the diseased ureter in 3(12%).Retrograde pyelography showed filling defect of the diseased ureter in 16(76%)of 21 cases(5 cases had failure of intubation).CT scan was performed in 20 cases,indicating thickening of the ureteral wall and infiltration of the cancer in 14(70%).In 3 cases who had undergone spiral CT thin layer scan and 1 of 3 cases who had undergone MRU,the definite diagnosis was made.Results All the 24 pa- tients underwent surgical treatment.Among them,nephroureterectomy and bladder cuff or partial resection were performed in 18 cases,and nephrectomy and partial ureterectomy in 6 cases.Postoperative pathology showed transitional cell carcinoma in 23 cases,and adenoma in 1.Of the 14 cases during 1990-1999 peri- od,1,5,3,2,2 and 1 cases had survival time of 1,2,3,4,5 and 6 years,respectively.Of the 10 cases during 2000-2005 period,3 were lost to follow-up;2 survived for 3 years and 2,for 1 year;the other 3 who have survived near 5 years have been followed till now.Conclusions IVU and retrograde urography are the most common diagnostic measures for primary ureteral cancer.They can be used in combination with other imaging study to reduce missed diagnosis rate.The 5-year survival rate was lower because of late pathologic stage of the tumors in the patients of this series.

Objective To study on the metal clip installation to avoid post-operative bleeding in pa- tients accepted papilla sphinctecotomy.Methods One hundred and eighty five patients who accepted ERCP +EST were divided into two groups:Group 1 was given routine regimen alone(N=95),group 2,given routine regimen and metal clip to prevent post-operative bleeding.Results The postoperative bleeding hap- pened in 3(3.2%)cases of Group 1 and none in Group 2,there is significant difference between these two groups(P＜0.05).The breeding cases in group 1 were controlled by metal clip under endoscopy successful- ly.Conclusion Preventive usage of metal clip was significantly decreased the incidence of post-operative bleeding in EST patients.

BackgroundRecent researches suggested that properties of neurons in the lateral geniculate neuron (LGN) may represent an important neural limitation on the development of basic spatial and temporal vision,and even binocular rivalry.However,previous studies on the properties of spatiotemporal frequency tuning of LGN were rather concentrated on a monkey or cat,whereas little is known about rat.ObjectiveThis study was to examine the development of spatiotemporal frequency tuning in rats LGN.MethodsTwenty Wistar rats were collected and divided into 14-16 day,20-22 day,27-30 day and 60 day groups according to the different ages after their eyes opened and 5 rats were assigned for each group.Extracellular single neuron recording was carried out in the rats to study the spatio-temporal receptive field properties of neurons in LGN by sinusoidal gratings visual stimuli.Dynamic changes of the spatio-temporal receptive field properties of neurons in LGN with the development of Wistar rats were evaluated.ResultsThe differences between band-pass and low-pass distribution of temporal frequency or spatial frequency of rat LGN were not statistically significant (x2 =0.68,0.47,P＞0.05 ).The optimal temporal frequency of receptive field in rat LGN went up to the maximum value until 60 day in Wistar rats.The mean optimal temporal frequencies of neurons in the four different age groups were ( 2.5 ± 1.3 ),( 2.6± 1.2),(2.6± 1.1 ) and ( 3.6± 1.1 ) Hz with significant differences among the 4 groups (F=4.53,P＜0.05 ),and those in the 14-16 day group,20-22 day group,27- 30 day group were significantly lower than in the 60 days group ( q =4.43,4.10,4.03,P ＜ 0.05 ).No significant differences were seen among the 14-16 day group,20-22 day group and 27-30 day group ( P＞0.05 ).The optimal spatial frequency values in the four groups were ( 0.04 ± 0.04 ),( 0.04 ± 0.03 ),( 0.05 ± 0.03 ),( 0.05 ± 0.04 ) cpd,respectively without statistical difference among them ( F =0.58,P ＞ 0.05 ).The temporal and spatial bandwidth values in the various age groups were not statistically significant among the four groups ( F =0.37,1.22,P＞0.05). Conclusions The development of temporal and spatial frequency characteristics of the rat LGN receptive field may be related to its functional visual pathway.

Background Researches showed that the incidence rate of cataract is high in the nickel mining area. Nickel sulphate can apparently inhibit the metabolism and proliferation of human lens epithelium cells. But the study on the injury mechanism of nickel on lens is still seldom. Objective Present study was to investigate the effect of nickel sulphate on the lens of SD rats. Methods Forty-five SPF SD rats aged from 7 to 14 days were grouped randomly into subcutaneous injection group, intraperitoneal injection group and blank group. Nickel sulphate of 2 g/L ( 10 mg/kg) was subcutaneously or intraperitonealy injected for 45 days. The opacity of rat lens was examined under the slit lamp at two-week interval and scored based on the criteria of LOCS II and LOCS III. The rats were sacrificed in 45 days after experiment and the lens were obtained for the pathological examination. Result The mean score of the anterior subcapsule opacity of rat lens was obviously higher in subcutaneous injection group compared with blank control group with a significant difference between them (t= 14. 311, P < 0. 05 ) , but no significant difference in the anterior subcapsule opacity between intraperitoneal injection group and blank control group (t = 4. 355 , P>0. 05 ). The score of posterior subcapsule opacity of lens were evidently higher in both subcutaneous injection group and intraperitoneal injection group than the blank control group (t = 9. 316,P = 0. 004;t = 7. 464, P = 0. 009) ,so was the mean score of the anterior +posterior subcapsule opacities(t = 23. 387,P=0. 000;t= 10. 533,P = 0. 002) and the total score of rat lens opacity ( t = 12. 358 , P = 0. 001; t = 10. 188 , P = 0. 003 ) . No significant differences were found in cortex opacity score and nuclear opacity score among three groups ( P > 0.05 ). Histopathology examination revealed that the degeneration of lens collagen protein was more serious in subcutaneous injection group and intraperitoneal injection group than the blank control group,and the injury degree of lens collagen protein was more dominant in subcutaneous injection group. Conclusion System administration of nickel sulphate induced the injury of anterior and posterior subcapsule of lens in SD rat.