BACKGROUND:Obturation with warm gutta-percha can achieve perfect three-dimensional root canal obturation effect. Due to specific structure of oval canal, particularly in the bypass preparation process, excessive cutting of local tooth tissue may lead to tooth tissue thinning and irregular shape. The separation equipment is the metal with good heat conduction, so the heat caused by the bypassing warm gutta-percha obturation would burn periodontal tissue remains controversial. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the changes of root surface temperature produced by two bypassing warm gutta-percha obturation for the separation instrument in oval canalin vitro by using infrared thermography. METHODS:Forty mandibular first premolars were harvested from oval canals, and were separated using stainless steel 15# K file at apical 3 mm, with the length of 3 mm. The root canal bypassing was prepared using TF nickel-titanium file under operating microscope. The teeth were randomly divided into two groups, with 20 teeth in each group, and were obturated with the Thermafil warm gutter-percha and E&Q plus warm gutta-percha vertical compaction, respectively. An infrared thermoviewer was used to measure the external root surface temperature before and after the obturation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Two warm gutta-percha obturation methods used for separating instruments bypassing in the oval root canal, had both caused the rise of root surface temperature, which was less than 10℃. In the Thermafil group, the temperature changes were 3.2-8.1℃ and the average change was 4.97℃. In the vertical condensation group, the temperature changes were 5.5-9.8℃ and the average change was 7.35℃. There were significant differences in the change of root surface temperature between the two groups (P < 0.05). Thermafil warm gutter-percha obturation would increase the root surface temperature, but cannot damage periodontal tissues. It is more secure than warm gutta-percha vertical condensation.

Objective To observe the effect of Sini decoction on inflammatory response and immune function in septic rats and to discuss its possible mechanism.Methods 66 Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into normal control group (n=6),model group (n=30),and Sini decoction group (n=30).Septic model was reproduced by intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS,5 mg/kg).After the reproduction of sepsis,rats in Sini decoction group received Sini decoction (5 g/kg) by gavage,while those in model group were given equal dose of normal saline in the same way.Rats in normal control group did not receive any treatment.Blood was collected via eye sockets at 2,12,24,48,72 hours after LPS administration,then the rats were sacrificed.The concentrations of inflammatory mediators,such as interleukin (IL-1,IL-6,IL-10),tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α),and the expression level of monocyte human leukocyte antigen-DR (HLA-DR) were determined with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA),and the pathological changes in intestinal mucosa were observed under electron microscope.Results The concentration of IL-1 (ng/L) at 2 hours in model group was gradually increased and peaked at 48 hours (4.07 ± 0.10),and then gradually decreased,while the IL-1 level in Sini decoction group peaked at 12 hours (2.98 ± 0.12) followed by a gradual decrease.IL-6 (ng/L) in model and Sini decoction groups peaked twice at 12 hours (91.39 ± 1.55,73.00 ± 2.38) and 48 hours (82.51 ± 1.49,64.68 ± 1.68) respectively.IL-10 (ng/L) in model group gradually decreased after peaking at 2 hours (86.66 ± 6.12),and that in Sini decoction decreased at 12 hours (71.61 ± 2.35) followed by an increasing tendency,and approached normal level at 48 hours (109.09 ±4.77 vs.124.01 ± 7.89,P＞0.05).TNF-α (ng/L) in model group was gradually increased and peaked at 48 hours (83.37 ±3.79),and that in Sini decoction peaked at 12 hours (48.52 ± 1.21),and decreased to normal level at 72 hours (18.59 ± 1.97 vs.15.50 ± 2.68,P＞0.05).During the course of the experiment,as compared with those of the model group,level of IL-1,IL-6,and TNF-α were significantly lower at all time points in Sini decoction group,and IL-10was significantly higher.The expression level of HLA-DR (μg/L) in model and Sini decoction groups peaked at 2 hours (4.86 ± 0.15,4.85 ± 0.17),and then gradually lowered.HLA-DR expression μg/L) at 48 hours and 72 hours in Sini decoction group was significantly lower than that in model group (48 hours:4.21 ± 0.12 vs.2.74 ± 0.16,72 hours:3.80 ± 0.09 vs.2.27 ± 0.12,both P＜0.01).Pathological study of intestinal mucosa showed that the intestinal mucosa were infiltrated significandy by inflammatory cells,and villi were damaged severely in both model group and Sini decoction group at 2 hours after LPS challenge.Infiltration of inflammatory cells in Sini decoction group was less intense after 12 hours,and the intestine villi repair was more obvious compared with model group.Conclusion Sini decoction could regulate systemic inflammatory response,and promote the repair of intestinal mucosa,the intestinal function and the immune status of septic rats.

Objective To investigate the effect of quorum sensing autoinducer 3OC12-HSL of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on the apoptosis of Caco-2 cells and its mechanism. Methods Caco-2 cells were incubated with 3OC12-HSL for 4 h and then examined by MTT method for cytoactivities. Flow cytometry was used to analyze apoptosis rate of Caco-2 cells. Expression of apoptosis associated proteins p-p38/MAPK and NF-κB were detected by Western blot. Results After exposure to 3OC12-HSL for 4 h, cytoactivities of Caco-2 cells was reduced(P<0.05) with dose-dependent pattern, and higher dose of 3OC12-HSL leaded to increasing apoptosis rate of Caco-2 cells(P<0.05). 3OC12-HSL raised expression of apoptosis associated proteins p-p38/MAPK and NF-κB detected by Western blot. Conclusion Quorum sensing autoinducer 3OC12-HSL can effect cytoactivities of Caco-2 cells and may induce its apoptosis by enhancing the expression of p-p38/MAPK and NF-κB protein.

Objective To investigate the efficiency and safety as well as the effect of chronic intravenous iron supplementation on the improvement of anemia in the patients with maintain hemodialysis (MHD). Methods Fifty-six patients with MHD were involved in the six-month, controlled trail and randomly divided into two groups: intravenous iron group (IV group) and oral iron group (oral group). The patients of IV group (n=28) were intravenously pumped 100 mg iron dextran during each hemodialysis session for the total amount of 1000 mg,after that,100 mg iron dextrin each two weeks. Patients in the oral group took 525 mg ferrous sulfate a day during the first three months and received iron dextran on the above methods under stopping oral iron supplement during the second three months. The efficacy was assessed by determining the change of hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), serum ferritin (SF) and transferring saturation (TSAT). Results The levels of Hb, Hct, SF, TSAT were increasing in the IV group after trail and there were evidently difference in those markers in the first three months, compared to the oral group, P

OBJECTIVE To observe and compare the cytotoxicity induced by andrographolide (AD)and its water soluble derivatives:andrographolide sodium bisulfite(ASB),active pharmaceutical ingredients of Chuanhuning and Yanhuning on human renal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2),and to explore the ASB-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress(ERS)mechanism. METHODS HK-2 cells were treated with the above four drugs respectively. The survival rate was examined by methyl thiazolyltetrazolium (MTT) assay and 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) was calculated. In ASB treated group, Hoechst33342 staining and flow cytometry analysis were used to determine cell apoptosis, intracellular superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity and malondialdehyde(MDA)content were examined, and the protein expressions of binding immunoglobulin protein (Bip),C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP)and cysteine-containing aspartate-specific protease 4(caspase 4)were detected by Western blotting. RESULTS The four drugs inhibited HK-2 cell growth in a time-dependent and concentration-dependent manner. At 24 h,the IC50 of AD (30.6 μmol · L- 1) was lower than that of others. Active pharmaceutical ingredients of Chuanhuning and Yanhuning (16.2 and 15.6 mmol · L- 1) were very close,ASB was 29.4 mmol · L-1. ASB(0,15,30 and 60 mmol · L-1)increased the apoptotic rate and caused the decrease in SOD activity and the increase in MDA content in a dose-dependent manner. Compared with control group,the protein expression of CHOP increased (P<0.01) at 8 h with ASB (30 and 60 mmol · L-1)treatment,Bip and caspase 4 had no significant change. In addition,at 24 h, ASB(60 mmol·L-1) decreased the expression of Bip(P<0.05),ASB(30 and 60 mmol·L-1)promoted the expression of CHOP(P<0.01),and the protein expression of activated caspase 4 increased in a concentration-dependent manner(P<0.01). CONCLUSION AD and its water soluble derivatives have a toxic effect on HK-2 cells. CHOP and caspase 4 pathway related to ERS is involved in ASB-induced apoptosis.

Objective To compare the effects of propofol and ketamine on long-term memory and the expression of brain N-methylgroup-D-aspartate receptor 2B(NMDAR2B) and Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor 1(GABAR1) in aged rats, and preliminary investigate the relation between the long-term memory and expression of neurotransmitter receptors in different cerebral areas. Methods The aged male rats were randomly divided into control group,propofol group and ketamine group. Morris water maze training was performed in all the rats of three groups for 5 days. On the 6th day, intraperitoneal injection of 50 mg?mL-1 propofol was administrated in propofol group,80 mg?mL-1 ketamine was intraperitoneally injected in ketamine group,and blank control group was given the same dose of saline.Seven days after the administration,space exploration experiment and navigation experiment test were performed to test the impact on the learning and memory ability of rats. After that, the expression levels of GABAR1 and NMDAR2B in temporal lobe and hippocampal CA1 region of the rat brain were detected by immunofluorescence and FISH technique. Results The results of Morris water maze showed there was no significant difference between propofol group (9.49±1.24) s and blank control group (8.82±2.22) s.There was statistically significant difference between ketamine group (12.04±2.67) s and blank control group (P<0.05),with longer latency time and less number of times of passing through target as compared with blank control group.By using immunohistochemistry and FISH technique,the expression of GABAR1 in temporal lobe and hippocampal CA1 region of the rat brain was not significantly different between propofol group and blank control group,but it was significantly up-regulated in ketamine group as compared with blank control group ( P<0.05) . The expression of NMDAR2B in temporal lobe and hippocampal CA1 region of the rat brain was not significantly different between propofol group and blank control group,but it was significantly down-regulated in ketamine group as compared with blank control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Propofol anesthesia alone had no effect on long-term learning and memory,but ketamine anesthesia can result in long-term learning and memory impairment. The mechanism may be related with down-regulation of the expression of NMDAR2B receptor and up-regulation of GABAR1 not only in CA1 region hippocampus,but also in temporal lobe.

Objective:To investigate the roles of donor alveolar maerophages and the recipient circulating neutrophils in early-stage reperfusion injury of lung allograft,and to study the interaction between the 2 kinds of cells.Methods:Twenty pairs of size-and weight-matched adult mongrel dogs were randomly assigned to 4 groups:C(control),D(leukocyte-depleted blood reperfusion),M(maerophage inhibition)and DM(leukocyte-depleted plus macropbage inhibition).The 20 cases of left lung transplantations were performed by the same surgeon.All procedures were identical,except that the donors in Group M and DM received the macrophage inhibitor gadolinium chloride(14 mg/kg)intravenously 24 h before operation,and that the recipients in Group D and DM underwent initial 10 min reperfusion with leukocyte-depleted blood collected from donors'inferior vena cava. All lung allografts were reperfused for 2 h.Results:Compared with Group D and C,macrophage inhibition ameliorated PO_2/FiO_2 and mean pulmonary arterial pressure(mPAP)consistently after 30 min reperfusion in Group M and DM;the parameters of lung reperfusion injury(malonaldehyde activity,wet/dry ratio)at 120 min after reperfusion were also significantly improved(P

A 56-year-old man with 1-year history of palpitation, heat intolerance and sweating, was diagnosed as thyrotropin (TSH) -secreting pituitary adenoma based on the symptoms of hypermetabolism, enlarged thyroid gland, inappropriately increased serum TSH concomitantly elevated plasma thyroid hormones and a pituitary tumor demonstrated on magnetic resonance imaging. Long-acting octreotide formulation was administered at a dose of 20 mg intramuscularly. Tumor volume shrinkage and improvement of thyroid function was achieved after a single drug injection; and the thyroid function returned to normal in 28 days. It is suggested that long-acting octreotide formulation might be used as a routine therapeutic approach prior to pituitary surgery, which may enhance the effectiveness of surgery and postoperative recovery.

Objective To evaluate clinical and pathologic factors associated with pelvic lymph node metastasis in patients with early-stage squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervir.Methods From February 2004 to January 2007,135 patients with stage Ⅰ b-Ⅱ a cervical squamous cell carcinoma in Women's Hospital,School of Medicine,Zhejiang University,were retrospectively studied.The relationship between pelvic lymph node metastasis and age,clinical stage,tumor size,grade of differentiation,depth of muscular invasion,lymphatic vascular space invasion,pretreatment level of serum squamous cell carcinoma antigen,pretreatment plasma level of fibrinogen,pretreatment leveh of hemoglobin and platelet were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analyses.Results Totally 3996 lymph nodes were dissected in 135 patients,with an average of 29.6 lymph nodes in each patient.12.6%of the patients(17/135)had metastasized pelvic lymph nodes.Univariate analysis indicated that tumor size(P=0.003),depth of muscular invasion(P=0.004),vasular space invasion(P<0.01),pretreatment levels of platelet(P=0.006)and fibrinogen(P<0.01)were significantly related to pelvic lymph node metastasis.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that lymphatic vascular space invasion(OR:3.674,95%CI:1.825-7.393,P<0.01)and pretreatment plasma level of fibrinogen(OR:4.568,95%CI:1.779-11.725,P=0.002)were significantly related to pelvic lymph node metastasis in patients with early-stage squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix.Conclusion In early-stage cervical squamous cell carcinoma,lymphatic vascular space invasion and higher pretreatment plasma levels of fibrinogen are risk factors of pelvic lymph node metastasis.