It is known that extracorporeal shock wave (SW) may promote healing of fracture. A previous study reported that SW promoted human bone marrow stromal cells (hMSCs) towards osteoblasts in vitro. To study the osteogenesis ability of hMSCs treated by shock wave in porous hydroxyapatite (HA) in vivo, primary hMSCs of SW group and control group were cultured in the porous HA for 2 weeks and then implanted into subcutaneous sites of nude mouse. These implants were harvested and prepared for the biochemical analysis of alkaline phosphatase activity by AKP kit, histological analysis of decalcified and undecalcified sections and morphology by scan electric microscope (SEM), as well as osteocalcin mRNA expression by RT- PCR 4 weeks and 8 weeks after implantation. It showed that cells of SW and control group almost covered the rough surface of HA before implantation and the extracelluar matrix of SW group was abundant by SEM photomicrograph . The histological analysis and SEM photomicrograph showed active bone formation 4 weeks and 8 weeks after implantation, as well as tetracycline labeling under fluoroscopy analysis in SW group. Alkaline phosphatase in supernatants of the implants detected 4 weeks and 8 weeks after implantation in SW group was higher than in control group (P

0.05).However,neither CpG-ODN nor hTNF-? failed in improving the expression rates of CD1a.Conclusions CpG-ODN,like hTNF-?,has remarkable im- munostimulatory effect on the differentiation and maturation of monocyte-derived DC from patients with chronic hepatitis B.

ObjectiveTo study possible mechanism through investigating the pathological and ultrastructural characters of secondary injury to perihematoma in intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) rats.MethodsSprague Dawley male rats were subjected to ICH models. They were randomly divided into test group and control group. The rats in the test group were divided into 7 subgroups at 1h,3h,12h,24h,48h,72h and 7d after ICH; while those in control group were divided into 3 subgroups at 3h,24h,72h after saline injection. Each subgroup contained 5 rats. 2 rats from each group were stained by 2% triphenyltetrazolium chloride(TTC) to observe the pathological change.3 rats were picked up from each group to do optical microscope and electric microscope investigation on perihematoma tissue and ipsilateral cortex.ResultsHematoma tissue was demonstrated as black brown by TTC staining, no white infarcted area was detected around hematoma. In addition, there was a transitional zone between hematoma and normal tissue under microscopy; the involved tissue looked loose with varied edematous cells. Astrocytes appeared swollen and neural cells looked degenerated and necrosis. Meanwhile, capillary hyperplasia around hematoma with foot plate swollen were detected, no remarkable neural cells change was observed. 24 h after blood injection, astrocytes started to swell, part of them became degenerated and necrosis. Neural cells appeared mild degenerated and blood brain barrier were destroyed. 72 h after ICH, astrocytes showed highly swollen with neural cells degenerated.ConclusionSecondary injury to perihematoma has been identified and the pathological and ultrastructural changes have been observed.

Objective To observe the lung protective effect of Tongfu Xiefei method (TFXF) in rats with sepsis, and to discuss its possible mechanism.Methods Forty-two Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into blank control group (n = 6), model group (n = 18) and TFXF group (n = 18). Sepsis model was reproduced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) in rats of model group and TFXF group. After the reproduction of sepsis model, rats in TFXF group received Tongfu Xiefei granules 0.01 mL/g by gavge, while those in model group were given equal dose of normal saline by the same way. The rats in blank control group received no treatment. At 3, 6, 12 hours after CLP, abdominal aorta blood was collected for blood gas analysis and inferior vena cava blood was collected for determination of the concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected for measurement of concentrations of total protein (TP), total phospholipid (TPL), and desaturated phosphatidyl choline (DSPC). The ratio of wet/dry lung weight ratio (W/D) was measured, and malondialdehyde (MDA) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in lung tissues were determined. The pathologic changes in their lungs were observed with light microscopy.Results Compared with those in blank control group, the levels of pH value, arterial oxygen partial pressure (PaO2), HCO3-, base excess (BE) were lowered, and partial pressure of carbon dioxide of arterial blood (PaCO2) was increased in model group. The serum concentrations of TNF-α and IL-6 were gradually increased after the reproduction of sepsis model. Compared with those in blank control group, the levels of TP, TPL, and DSPC/TPL in model group were decreased, while the levels of W/D, MDA and MPO were increased. Compared with those in model group, pH value was elevated in TFXF group at 3 hours (7.27±0.04 vs. 7.18±0.07,P < 0.05). PaO2 (mmHg, 1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa) was improved at 3, 6, 12 hours (3 hours: 128.00±16.05 vs. 106.78±10.73, 6 hours: 98.46±15.97 vs. 72.80±16.33, 12 hours: 90.70±9.31 vs. 74.28±12.19, allP < 0.05). The serum concentrations of TNF-α (ng/L) in TFXF group were significantly lower than those in model group at 12 hours (508.20±94.08 vs. 756.60±138.77,P < 0.05), and the serum concentrations of IL-6 (ng/L) in TFXF group were significantly lower than those in model group at 6 hours and 12 hours (6 hours: 687.80±35.00 vs. 849.40±148.28, 12 hours: 728.80±214.41 vs. 917.00±245.96, bothP < 0.05). Compared with those of model group, the levels of TP (g/L) in BALF in TFXF group were significantly decreased at 12 hours (1.01±0.23 vs. 1.60±0.47,P < 0.05), and the levels of TPL (mg/L) in TFXF group were significantly increased at 12 hours (86.40±11.33 vs. 62.40±16.33,P < 0.05). The levels of DSPC/TPL in TFXF group were significantly higher than those in model group at 6 hours and 12 hours (6 hours: 0.58±0.13 vs. 0.38±0.10, 12 hours: 0.45±0.13 vs. 0.24±0.07, bothP < 0.05). The levels of W/D in TFXF group were significantly higher than those in model group at 3 hours (3.84±0.25 vs. 2.99±0.50,P < 0.01), but lower than those in model group at 12 hours (3.21±0.53 vs. 4.89±1.14,P < 0.05). The levels of MDA (nmol/mg) in TFXF group were significantly lower than those in model group at 6 hours and 12 hours (6 hours: 4.04±2.58 vs. 8.89±2.61, 12 hours: 11.31±3.60 vs. 20.60±8.10, bothP < 0.05), while the levels of MPO (U/g) in TFXF group were lower than those in model group at 12 hours (4.79±0.66 vs. 7.22±1.76,P < 0.05). Compared with model group, the lungs in TFXF group showed less morphological changes under light microscopy, such as pulmonary edema, congestion, effusion and fibrosis.Conclusions The method of Tongfu Xiefei may improve hypoxemia and metabolic acidosis, alleviate lung edema and ameliorate pulmonary pathological changes in rat sepsis model. Tongfu Xiefei method shows a protective effect in sepsis by the way of reducing peroxidative damage, inhibiting the release of proinflammatory factors and abating degradation of lung surfactant.

AIM: To observe the effect of combined goniosynechialysis in treating absolute glaucoma after trabeculectomy.
METHODS:Phacoemulsification combined goniosynechialysis was performed on 16 patients ( 16 eyes ) with absolute glaucoma after trabeculectomy, and they were followed up for 6 ~12mo, The postoperative intraocular pressure ( IOP ) and anterior chamber depth, preoperative and postoperative medication types (quantity), preoperative and postoperative 1 month's status of anxiety and depression, symptoms of ocular surface were observed. RESULTS: The IOP decreased significantly after phacoemulsification combined goniosynechialysis. The mean IOP was 35. 00±15. 43mmHg preoperatively, and it was 12. 00±6. 69mmHg, 15. 00±4. 26mmHg and 15. 3±5.2mmHg on 1d, 6 and 12mo after the surgery. The statistic difference was found between preoperative and postoperative (t=6. 22, P<0. 05). The anterior chamber depth was 1. 45 ± 0. 19mm before the surgery, and increased to 3. 37±0. 13mm after the surgery (t=6. 65, P<0. 05). After the surgery, 2 patients needed two kinds of drugs, 2 patients needed one kind of drug. After 12mo of follow-up, anxiety and depression status were improved in all 16 patients. Subjective discomfort symptoms of 16 patients such as eye bilges, eye pain were relieved. All of the patients' eyeballs were preserved, and no serious complications.
CONCLUSION: Phacoemulsification combined goniosynechialysis in treating absolute glaucoma after trabeculectomy is a safe and effective surgical option.

OBJECTIVETo investigate whether the ERK/FoxO3a signal axis could induce the inhibitory effect of vitexin 1 (VB-1) in HepG2 cell proliferation.

METHODThe MTT method was adopted to observe the effect of different concentrations of VB-1 on human hepatoma carcinoma cell line HepG2 and immortalized human embryo liver cell line L-02. The cell growth was assessed by the clone formation assay. The protein phosphorylation levels of ERK1/2 and FoxO3a were measured by the western blot.

RESULTVB-1 inhibited the viability of HepG2 cell line in a concentration-dependent manner, with a weak effect on L-02 cell line. VB-1 could effectively inhibit the anchorage-dependent growth of HepG2 cells, and reduce the expression levels of pERK1/2 and pFoxO3a in a concentration-dependent manner. MEK1/2 inhibitor PD98059 could enhance VB-1' s effect in inhibiting HepG2 cell proliferation and ERK1/2, FoxO3a phosphorylation.

CONCLUSIONVB-1 inhibits the proliferative activity of hepatoma carcinoma cell line HepG2 by blocking the ERK/FoxO3a signal axis.

Apigenin ; pharmacology ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases ; genetics ; metabolism ; Forkhead Box Protein O3 ; Forkhead Transcription Factors ; genetics ; metabolism ; Growth Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Hep G2 Cells ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Signal Transduction ; drug effects

Objective:To observe the efficacy of cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells on patients with advanced lung cancer. Methods:A total of 90 patients with advanced lung cancer were identified from January 2011 to December 2013. CIK therapy was given to 41 pa-tients in the observation group, whereas the other 49 patients in the control group received the best support treatments without che-motherapy or radiotherapy within one month of inclusion. Following up was conducted for the patients in the two groups, and KPS scores, median survival, and adverse reactions compared. Results:The KPS score in the observation group was higher than that of the control group after treatment (P=0.034). The median survival period of the observation group was eight months, which was one month longer than that of the control group (P=0.044). Major adverse reactions included fever, joint pain, and insomnia, which were recorded 51.22%, 36.58%, and 29.27%of occurrence, respectively. Conclusion:CIK cell therapy improved the quality of life and pro-longed the survival of advanced lung cancer patients with tolerable adverse reactions.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the erectile and ejaculatory function of sacral tumor patients after sacral nerve root resection and investigate the relationship of erectile and ejaculatory dysfunction (EED) with the level of sacral nerve injury.

METHODSThis retrospective study included 47 male patients aged 16 to 63 (32.6 +/- 6.8) years treated by sacral tumor resection between January 2008 and August 2013. According to the levels of the sacral nerve roots spared in surgery, the patients were divided into four groups: bilateral S1-S3 (n=16), unilateral S1-S3 (n=21), unilateral S1-S2 (n=6), and unilateral S1 (n=4). The patients were followed up for 12 to 41 (27.2 +/- 10.9) months by questionnaire investigation, clinic review, and telephone calls about their erectile and ejaculatory function at 3, 6 and 12 months after surgery and in August 2013.

RESULTSIn the bilateral S1-S3 group, the incidence rates of EED were 31.25% (5/16), 25% (4/16), and 12.5% (2/16) at 3, 6, and 12 months respectively after surgery, with recovery of erectile and ejaculatory function in August 2013. The incidence rates of EED in the unilateral S1-S3 group were 85.71% (18/21), 71.43% (15/21), 52.38% (11/21), and 42.86% (9/21) at 3, 6 and 12 months and in August 2013, respectively; those in the unilateral S1-S2 group were 100% (6/6), 83.33% (5/6), 83.33% (5/6), and 66.67% (4/6) at the four time points; and those in the unilateral S1 group were all 100% (4/4). No statistically significant differences were found in the incidence rate of EED among the patients of different ages or tumor types (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe incidence of postoperative EED in male patients treated by sacral tumor resection is closely related to the mode of operation. Sparing the S3 nerve root at least unilaterally in sacral tumor resection is essential for protecting the erectile and ejaculatory function of the patient.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Ejaculation ; physiology ; Erectile Dysfunction ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Organ Sparing Treatments ; Peripheral Nervous System Neoplasms ; surgery ; Postoperative Complications ; epidemiology ; Postoperative Period ; Retrospective Studies ; Sacrum ; Spinal Nerve Roots ; injuries ; surgery ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Young Adult

Objective To evaluate the effect of intercostal nerve cryoanalgesia for post-thoracotomy pain control and the chronic discomfort of the incision.Methods A prospective analysis was carried out in 200 patients after standard posterolateral thoracotomy.Then the patients were randomly divided into five groups after gender stratification,each group with 40 patients.Group A was the control group,which was received no advanced method to prevent the pain after operation,only with Pethidine injected while patient require.Group B was PCIA group.Group C was PCEA group.Group D was cryoanalgesia group.Group E was cryoanalgesia and PCEA group.VAS score was used in the consecutive 7 days after operation.And we recorded the doses of pethidine injected in the 7 days,as well as the complications and the side effects.On the third and sixth month,patients were followed up by telephone or clinic review for their pain control and discomfort of the incision.Results The VAS score and the average doses of using Pethidine were lower in group D and group E than that in other groups.Group D had a lower ratio of nausea,vomiting,pruritus and lethargy than any other group.Group A,group D and group E had a higher ratio of pain of incision and other adverse reactions than group B and group C.Conclusion Intercostal nerve cryoanalgesia could effectively relief the postoperative pain,reduce the ratio of traumatic stress reaction and side effect.Cryoanalgesia may be a factor that could add the chronic discomfort of the incision.

Objective To evaluate the immuno-potentiating effects of CpG-ODN plus alum as a composite adjuvant on influenza split virion vaccine.Methods BALB/c mice were immunized with various amounts of 2009 H1N1 influenza split virion vaccine,alone or in combination with CpG-ODN,alum,or both (composite adjuvant).Antigen-specific humoral immune responses were evaluated by ELISA,hemagglutination inhibiting (HI) assay and neutralizing assay.Antigen-specific cellular immune responses were evaluated by ELISPOT assay,intracellular cytokine staining assay and in vivo CTL assay.Results Compared with the control group immunized with antigen alone,a single use of either adjuvant weakly enhanced the humoral immune responses,as indicated by the increase of antigen-specific IgG titers,HI titers and neutralizing titers by 3-6 folds,2-4 folds and 4-8 folds,respectively,after two immunizations.In contrast,the composite adjuvant induced more potent humoral immune responses; the antigen-specific IgG titers,HI titers and neutralizing titers were increased by 23-57 folds,9-20 folds and 16-64 folds,respectively.Consequently,the composite adjuvant achieved antigen-sparing by at least 16 folds.In addition,the composite adjuvant significantly enhanced the antigen-specific cellular immune responses,as revealed by the increase of IFN-γ-secreting CD4+ T cells and the enhancement of CTL activity in immunized mice.Conclusion CpG-ODN plus alum as a composite adjuvant can enhance the immunogenicity of influenza split virion vaccine and achieve the antigen-sparing effect.