BACKGROUND:Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS),an acute infection with a mutant coronavirus,is characterized by acute pulmonary inflammatory injury accompanied by possible multiple organ injuries. Besides somatic symptoms,affective disorder constitutes an obvious neuropsychiatric symptom in SARS patients.OBJECTIVE:To analyze the clinical features of SARS with neuropsychiatric involvement.DESIGN:A retrospective case analysis.SETTING:Department of Neurology,Department of Respiratory Diseases and Department of Radiology of Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University.PARTICIPANTS:Totally 325 SARS patients treated in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University and the 8th People's Hospital of Guangzhou from February 2003 to May 2003 were involved,including 173cases who developed neuropsychiatric symptoms.METHODS:The clinical data of 325 of SARS including 173 cases with neuropsychiatric symptoms were retrospectively analyzed.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Clinical neuropsychiatric symptoms,ophthalmoscopic examination,and pathological findings in autopsy.RESULTS: ①The incidence of neuropsychiatric involvement was about 53.2% in SARS patients. The manifestations consisted mostly of headache (67.1%),dizziness(28.9%),conscious-ness disturbance(10.4%),mental disorder(4.6%), local orientational disorder(0.6%),seizures(1.2%),and affective disorders (30.6%);anxiety occurred in 20.2%,depression in 6.4%,suicidal tendency in 1.2%,and phobia in 7.5% of the patients with neuropsychiatric involvement. ②Among the 325 patients,56 were in critical condition of whom 47 had accompanying neuropsychiatric impairment,with significantly greater incidence than that in mild cases (P＜0.01). ③Ophthalmoscopic examination performed in 4 patients showed blurred margin of the optic disc with retinal venous congestion. ④Autopsy in 2 cases identified edema of the perivascular tissue and vascular wall of the small veins with mononuclear cell and lymphocyte infiltration,neuron degeneration and demyelination in focal brain tissues.CONCLUSION:The manifestations of neuropsychiatric involement can vary in association with the severity of SARS,and the typical pathological changes include edema,neuronal demyelination etc.in the brain.

Objective To determine the median effective dose(ED50)of etomidate inhibiting responses to endotracheal intubation when combined with dexmedetomidine in the patients with obstructive jaundice. Methods American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅱ or Ⅲ patients with obstructive jaundice,aged 45-63 yr,with body mass index of 18-30kg/m2,scheduled for elective operations under general anesthesia,were divided into control group(group C)and dexmedetomidine group(group D)using a random number table. At 15min before induction of anesthesia,normal saline 0.1 ml/kg was infused intravenously in group C,and dexmedetomidine 0.4 μg/kg was infused intravenously in group D. Anesthesia was induced with midazolam 0.05 mg/kg,fentanyl 4 μg/kg,etomidate and cisatracurium 0.15 mg/kg. The ED50 of etomidate was determined using Dixon′s up-and-down method. Etomidate was injected intravenously at the initial dose of 0.2 mg/kg in the first patient in each group. Each time the dose increased/decreased in the next patient according to whether or not the increase in mean arterial pressure and/or heart rate ≥ 20% of the baseline value within 3min after endotracheal intubation. The ratio between the two successive doses was 1.1. The number of patients in whom inhibition was effective or ineffective was recorded,and the ED50 and 95% confidence interval of etomidate inhibiting responses to intubation were calculated using Probit analysis. Results The ED50 (95% confidence interval)of etomidate inhibiting responses to intubation was 0.185(0.162-0.201)mg/kg in group C,the ED50(95% confidence interval)of etomidate inhibiting responses to intubation was 0.129(0.093-0.143)mg/kg in group D,and there was significant difference between the two groups(P<0.05).Conclusion When combined with dexmedetomidine,the ED50 of etomidate inhibiting responses to endotracheal intubation is 0.129 mg/kg in the patients with obstructive jaundice.

Objective To observe the protective effect of N-NAC on radiation-induced lung injury. Methods 86 cases of thoracic neoplasm patients were chosen and randomly divided into two groups,group RT +N(n =43)and group RT(n =43).Two groups were observed by CT after radiotherapy.Acute and chronical toxicities were graded by RTOG.TGF-β1,IL-1,IL-4,TNF were observed before and after the radiotherapy.Results After 3 monthsof radiotherapy,RTOG≥2 was 23.4%(RT +N),while RTOG≥2 was 53.1%(RT).there was significant differencebetween the two groups(P <0.01).At 6,9 and 12 months,fibrosis was present in 28.4%,25.4%,22.4% receivingRT vs 58.4%,54.4%,52.4% receiving RT +N,there was significant difference between the two groups(P <0.05).TGF-β1,IL-1,IL-4,TNF were observed which showed that The RT +N were lower than RT.Conclusion N-NAC can reduce incidence rate of lung injury in radiotherapy,and can reduce the content and the release of TGF-β1,IL-1,IL-4,TNF.

BACKGROUND: Memory loss is the main presentation during the earlier stage of radiative eneephalopathy, and it was reported that ganglioside (GM1) played important role in neural rehabilitation, particular in the improvement of memory.OBJECTIVE: To study the improving effect of GM1 on spatial learning and memory retardation in rats following radiative encepholopathy. DESIGN: Randomized control and comparative observing study based on the experimental animals.SETTING: Department of Neurology and Department of Radiation of Second Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University.MATERIALS: This study was carried out at the Laboratory of the Second Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University between March 2001 and May 2002. Tctally 80 SD rats were randomly selected and divided into control group, GM1 treatment group, physiological saline group and non-intervention group with 20 rats in each group.INTERVENTIONS: Rats in GM1 group, physiological saline group and non-intervention group subjected to head 60Coγ irradiation of 7Gy each time after anesthesia, once a day for consecutive 6 days, and the total dosage was 42Gy while rats in control group did not receive irradiation after anesthesia. Rats in GM1 and physiological saline(PS) group were given intraperitoneal injection of GM1 and physiological saline of 30 mg/kg respectively at 1 hour after each time of radiation, once a day for consecutive 6 days but not in control group and non-intervention group. Evaluation: ①After irradiation, morris water labyrinth navigation test was used to assess the capability of learning and memory of rats by the time for reaching platform (latency); ② Spatial searching test was used to detect their spatial memory after learning how to reach the platform by recording the way of rats searching the platform in 120 s and calculating the percentage of swimming distance in platform quadrant in the total distance; ③ After labyrinth test, brains were taken out of the rats in GM1 group, PS group and non-intervention group for observing the histological and pathological changes in rat brains.RESULTS: ① The latency become stable form onset of the 4th day in each group. On the 5th day, the searching platform latency in GM1 group was(13.6±1.4) s, shorter than(17.1±2.9) s of PS group and [(15.8±2.2) s, (P＜0.05)] of non-intervention group; ② Rats in GM 1 and control group were found capable of searching platform according to their spatial memory, presented by swimming trail most located in platform quadrant while rats in PS and non-intervention groups were found mostly swimming around the pool with moving trails distributed randomly. The percentage of swimming distance in platform quadrant was found higher in GM 1 treatment group than in the PS group and non-intervention group, but lower than that in the control group; ③ Histological examination revealed slight neuronal degeneration in PS group, part of which was changes of vacuolar degeneration with cell shrank, chromosome concentrated and nuclei gathered aside, and the number of astrocytes also decreased; the pathological changes in non-intervention group and PS group were similar; in GM1 group, part neurons became smaller with peripalsm turning red but the pathological changes, such as the number of cells,neuclei shrank and gathered aside, and vacuolar changes were less than those of the former two groups.ONCLUSION: Radiative encephalopathy would result in obvious learning nd memory impairments in rats but histological and pathological changes due o brain radiation injury can be attenuated with the treatment of GM1, implying that GM1 may play important role in the improvement of radiation-induced spatial learning and memory loss.

Objective To evaluate the effect of intercostal nerve cryoanalgesia for post-thoracotomy pain control and the chronic discomfort of the incision.Methods A prospective analysis was carried out in 200 patients after standard posterolateral thoracotomy.Then the patients were randomly divided into five groups after gender stratification,each group with 40 patients.Group A was the control group,which was received no advanced method to prevent the pain after operation,only with Pethidine injected while patient require.Group B was PCIA group.Group C was PCEA group.Group D was cryoanalgesia group.Group E was cryoanalgesia and PCEA group.VAS score was used in the consecutive 7 days after operation.And we recorded the doses of pethidine injected in the 7 days,as well as the complications and the side effects.On the third and sixth month,patients were followed up by telephone or clinic review for their pain control and discomfort of the incision.Results The VAS score and the average doses of using Pethidine were lower in group D and group E than that in other groups.Group D had a lower ratio of nausea,vomiting,pruritus and lethargy than any other group.Group A,group D and group E had a higher ratio of pain of incision and other adverse reactions than group B and group C.Conclusion Intercostal nerve cryoanalgesia could effectively relief the postoperative pain,reduce the ratio of traumatic stress reaction and side effect.Cryoanalgesia may be a factor that could add the chronic discomfort of the incision.

Objective To compare the efficacies of the treatment of sternal fracture with wire fixation and the titanium sternal fixation system. Methods Thirty patients with sternal fracture from May 2003 to July 2009 were followed up. Among them,there were 20 patients with wire fixation (wire fixation group), 10 patients with the titanium sternal fixation system (titanium sternal fixation system group). The conditions before, during and after operation,complications and effects were compared to evaluate the effieaeies of titanium sternal fixation system. Results The operative time of titanium sternal fixation system group and wire fixation group were (67.0 ± 7.9) min and (90.0 ± 8.6) min, the blood loss were (11.0 ± 5.4) ml and (48.0 ± 8.4)ml,the duration of drainage were (0.5 ± 0.4) days and (1.9 ± 0.7) days,the amount of drainage were (1.9 ± 1.3) ml and (19.0 ± 4.6) ml, the average hospitalized days were (2.3 ± 0.5) days and (6.9 ± 0.9) days, the duration of pain were (1.5 ± 0.5) days and (3.8 ± 1.1) days, there were all significant difference between two groups (P < 0.05). The rates of wound infection, delayed union or nonunion, re-fracture,plate fracture or plate shift of wire fixation group were 5% (1/20) ,5% (1/20) ,5% (1/20), 10% (2/20). But the rates of titanium sternal fixation system group were 0, there were all significant difference between two groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion The treatment of sternal fracture with titanium sternal fixation system is a simple and stable fixation,high bone union rate and few complications,especially for the sternal fracture.

Objective To explore the operative treatment of esophageal carcinoma or carcinoma of gastric cardia in patients aged 70 years or older. Methods　One thousand and eighty eight patients with esophageal cancer or carcinoma of gastric cardia were retrospectively reviewed.These patients were divided into 4 groups:aged 41～69,70～74,75～79 and 80～90 years.The postoperative complications,hospjtalization time,prognosis, operative selection and perioperative treatment were analyzed. Results　Incidences of complications of pulmonary infection,arrhythmia,psychiatric symptom and unhealing of surgical incision were obviously increased,and the average hospitalization time were significantly prolonged in patients aged 70 years or older.Incidence of pulmonary infection and the average hospitalization time were significantly increased in patients aged 80～90 years compared with other groups.There were 4 death cases and 1084 cured cases. Conclusions　With regard to elderly patients for esophageal carcinoma or carcinoma of gastric eardia,handling the occurrence of postoperative complications,selecting suitable patients to take operation and appropriate perioperative treatments are the keys for successful operation.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the best choice of operation opportunity and operation plan for limb fractures combined with severe craniocerebral trauma in children.

METHODSFrom January 2005 to July 2012,36 patients with limb fractures and severe craniocerebral trauma were received,including 24 males and 12 females aged from 1 to 13 years old (mean, 6.1 +/- 3.0). The time from injury to hospital was (18.0 +/- 15.0) h. Glasgow coma score were less than 8 with an average of 6.4 +/- 1.3. AIS-ISS score were 25.9 +/- 8.1. Thirteen patients were open fracture, 23 were closed fracture. Patients were divided into immediate operation group (21 patients) received fracture fixation with 24 h, the average time was (15.0 +/- 7.4) h, and delayed operation group (15 patients) received fracture fixation after 24 h, the average time was (165.4 +/- 114.6) h. All patients were treated by open reduction, and 33 cases by internal fixation, 3 cases were external fixation. Operative time, blood loss, fracture healing time and brain trauma,physical trauma, postoperative rehabilitation situation were observed and evaluated.

RESULTSAll patients were healed at stage I ,and no dead, aggravating of coma, disorders of breathing and circulation occurred during operation. Operative time,blood loss,healing time in immediate operation group was (44.5 +/- 25.3) min, (47.1 +/- 36.5) ml, (2.7 +/- 0.5) months, respectively; while in delayed operation group was (87.0 +/- 40.0) min, (112.7 +/- 67.5) ml, (3.8 +/- 1.2) months,respectively; and there were obvious differences between two groups. There was no siginificant meaning in Glasgow coma score and Fugl-Meyer motor function between immediate operation group (4.7 +/- 0.6, 97.9 +/- 2.7) and delayed operation group (4.7 +/- 0.5, 97.7 +/- 3.9) (t = 0.23, P > 0.05; t = 0.11, P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe condition of limb fractures combined with severe craniocerebral trauma in children is seriously, comfortable surgical opportunity should according to particular case, and immediate operation can performed on the condition of stabled vital signs.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; surgery ; Extremities ; injuries ; surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fracture Fixation ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; Fractures, Open ; surgery ; Humans ; Infant ; Male

OBJECTIVEThe purpose of this study was to observe the tissue tolerance of Ti-HA functionally graded-material (FGM) and the form of the material-bone interface.

METHODSThe sintered Ti -HA FGM, pure HA and pure Ti were respectively implanted into the parietal bone of rabbits. The specimens were observed by SEM at 2, 4, 8 postoperative weeks.

RESULTSIn the early stage, the new bone surrounding the Ti -HA FGM formed earlier with larger amount and better maturity than the pure Ti. The condition was similar to the pure HA. Two months after the operation, direct bonding of material-bone interface was formed between the Ti -HA FGM and the new bone as an integral body. However, there was a little space left between the new bone and the pure Ti.

CONCLUSIONSThe Ti -HA FGM has good tissue tolerance. Its early integration with bone is similar to pure HA and better than pure Ti.

Animals ; Bone Substitutes ; chemistry ; Female ; Hydroxyapatites ; chemistry ; Male ; Materials Testing ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Osseointegration ; Rabbits ; Titanium ; chemistry