AIM: To investigate the effectiveness and safety of intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF) drugs to the patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy before vitrectomy treatment.METHODS: A Meta-analysis.A comprehensive retrieval was conducted using the database including EMbase,the Cochrane Library,Pubmed,CBM,WanFang Database,CNKI and so on.The retrieval time was limited from the building time of database to Jan.2017.The randomized controlled trial was adopted with no requirements on languages.The Jadad scale and Cochrance cooperation were used as the tool of the risk and bias evaluation to analyze the literature quality.Quality estimation of evidence-based medicine on the parameters of each evaluation index was made via GRADEpro Software.The publishing biases of enclosed documents were inspected with funnel plot.At last,the Meta analysis was conducted with Review Manager 5.3.RESULTS: Totally 16 literatures published from 2008-2016 were finally put into randomized controlled trial.A total of 923 cases were included,among which 493 cases were grouped as intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF before the combined operation of PPV group (the experimental group),and 430 cases were involved in simple PPV group (the control group).The results of Meta-analysis show: (1) The probability of intraoperative bleeding was remarkably lower than the control group [OR=0.06,95%CI (0.02,0.15),P<0.01],with statistically significant differences.(2) The duration of operation was obviously shorter than that of the control group[WMD=-29.13,95% CI (-36.95,-21.30),P<0.01],with statistically significant differences.(3) The probabilities of both early and late postoperative vitreous hemorrhage were lower than those of the control group[OR=0.34,95%CI (0.20,0.58),P<0.01],with highly statistically significant differences.(4) The best corrected visual acuity after surgery was no better than that of the control group,[WMD=-0.51(LogMAR),95%CI(-1.10,0.08),P=0.09] with no statistical significance.(5) The occurrence of iatrogenic retinal rupture was lower than that of the control group[OR=0.24,95%CI(0.14,0.40),P<0.01],with statistically significant differences.(6)Among the 493 patients included in the 16 literature,no case of ocular and general adverse effects due to anti-VEGF injections was reported.CONCLUSION: It is effective and safe for the patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy to inject anti-VEGF drugs into vitreous cavity before vitrectomy.And it can reduce the occurrence of complications during and after surgery,improving the general treatment effects.However,the specific implementation plans,such as the injection does,the interval between the injection and the operation and so on,still need further exploration and perfection.

The corneal reconstruction is tosurgial recover the structure integrity and corneal function after suffered from various trauma, inflammation and degenerative diseases.The corneal diseases caused millions of people worldwide suffering from eyesight damages and even blindness.At present, the corneal transplant is the main therapy for corneal blindness.However, the shortage in donor corneal issue is a worldwide problem and the failure due to the immunologic rejection of host is common.Nowadays, with the development of tissue culture and bioengineering technology, the application prospect of autologous stem cell transplantation is becoming more and more popular which might replace the allogeneic transplantation, becoming an important clinical treatment of regenerative medicine.Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) is a class of adult stem cell divided from the third molar teeth.Both hDPSCs and corneal cell are from the cranial nerve in embryonic ectoderm.Extensive researches show that the hDPSCs have the potentialities in corneal cell differentiation without causing immunologic rejection of the recipient.These findings manifested the potentials of hDPSCs in the clinical applications related to ocular surface reconstruction.In this paper, the features and current investigation status of hDPSCs in ocular surface reconstruction are reviewed.

The normal growth of blood vessels is the result of dynamic balance of angiogenic factor and inhibitory factor in vascular tissue.However, when the balance is broken, the growth of new blood vessels will be induced.Endogenous angiogenesis inhibitory factor, is a group of negative feedback molecules produced by the body itself that inhibit angiogenesis.Its function of inhibiting angiogenesis is mainly realized by promoting the binding of angiogenic factor to its receptor, or its downstream angiogenesis signal, or promoting vascular endothelial apoptosis.The study of angiogenesis inhibitory factor has potential clinical significance for the prevention and treatment of retinal neovascularization.Recent studies on retinal neovascularization inhibitory factor are reviewed in this paper.

Objective Published literatures on the relationship between IL-13 gene polymorphism and the susceptibility of children to bronchial asthma in China were comprehensively analyzed with the use of Meta-analysis to evaluate this relationship.Methods The data were collected from the Medline database,Ovid database,the Cochrane library,and Chinese Biomedical database,and the references of eligible studies were manually screened.Published data related to case-control studies reporting the link between IL-13 polymorphisms and asthma in Chinese children were retrieved through those database.Meta-analysis was conducted to determine whether the IL-13 gene polymorphisms were associated with asthma.Results Eighteen studies were finally accepted for analysis.There were three studies focusing on C-1 112T polymorphism,and six studies focusing on C + 1923T polymorphism,and fourteen studies focusing on G + 2044A polymorphism.There was no evidence to confirm that the genotypes in position IL-13-1112 C/T were associated with asthma in Chinese children [odds ratio(OR) =1.00,95％ CI 0.82-1.22,P =0.98].The OR of asthma for TT/CC genotypes was 1.15 (95 ％ CI 0.57-2.33,P =0.69) and for CT/CC was 1.01 (95 ％ CI 0.82-1.25,P =0.89).There was significant evidence to confirm that the genotypes in position + 1923 C/T were associated with asthma in Chinese children(OR =1.86,95％ CI 1.29-2.67,P =0.000 9).The OR of asthma for TT/CC genotypes was 2.12 (95 ％ CI 1.27-3.56,P =0.004) and for TC/CC was 1.67 (95％ CI 1.18-2.35,P =0.003).There was no correlation between IL-13 + 2044G/A polymorphism and the susceptibility (OR =1.33,95％ CI 0.94-1.88,P =0.11).The OR of asthma for AA/GG genotypes was 1.30 (95 ％ CI 0.76-2.20,P =0.34) and for AG/GG was 1.24(95％ CI 0.90-1.70,P =0.19).Conclusions IL-13 gene + 1923 TT and TC genotypes should be associated with susceptibility of asthma in Chinese children,and the T allele could increase the risk of asthma.No clear relationship was found between the genotype TT/TC at the IL-13-1112 site and the incidence of asthma of children in China,and so was the genotype AA/AG at the IL-13 +2044 site and the incidence.

Objective To summarize surgical results of secondary tunnel-like subaortic stenosis( STSS) after congenital heart disease( CHD) operations, analyze the pathogenesis of STSS, evaluate the operative effect and prognosis.Methods We analyzed clinical data of 25 patients who underwent surgical repair for STSS in Fuwai Hospital from January 2009 to December 2015.There were 17 males and 8 females.CHD types included double outlet right ventricle, ventricular septal defect and par-tial atrioventricular septal defect, et al.The median age of the patients when they received their first CHD operations was 1 year (1 month to 42 years).The median age of the patients when they received TSS repair was 5 years and 8 months(2 years and 10 months to 48 years) .The surgical types contained modified Konno procedure , Konno procedure, resection of the conal sep-tum, resection of fibromuscular ridge and myectomy, removal and reconstruction of the intraventricular baffle.Results All the patients successfully received their TSS repair .There was no surgical death in this study .The preoperative gradient of aortic valve pressure was 81(43 to 159)mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa), and the postoperative gradient was 8.2(4.0 to 46.2) mm-Hg.Ⅲ degree atrioventricular block was occurred in 2 patients after operation and both 2 patients needed to set permanent pacemaker.All the patients were followed up after discharge for a median duration of 2 years( 4 months to 6 years) .During follow-up, none of the patients had any clinical symptom or subaortic restenosis , and there was no late death .Conclusion The pathogenesis of STSS is perhaps related to turbulent flow and shear stress to the left ventricular outflow tract , resulting in the proliferation of fibromuscular marterials and stenosis in the left ventricular outflow tract .The modified Konno procedure and resection of the conal septum are safe and effective.

Objective:To improve the quality standard for Qingyuantiaozhi capsules. Methods:The main components of the prep-aration, such as Chrysanthemum, Anthraquinones, Hawthorn and Radix Rehmanniae Preparata, were identified by TLC qualitatively. The content of chlorogenic acid in chrysanthemum was determined by HPLC. A DIKMA Spursil C18(250 ×4.6 mm,5 μm)column was used with methanol-0. 2% phosphoric acid solution(9 ∶91) as the mobile phase. The flow rate was 1. 0 ml·min-1, the detection wavelength was set at 327 mn and the sample size was 20 μl. Results:The spots in TLC were clear without any interference. The cali-bration curve was linear within the range of 4. 425 2-30. 976 4μg·ml-1(r=0. 999 9) for chlorogenic acid. The average recovery was 101. 18% (RSD=1. 88%, n=6). Conclusion:The improved quality standard is specific, accurate and reproducible, which can be used for the quality control of Qingyuantiaozhi capsules.

To study the ecological distribution and diversity of endophytic fungi associated with Ferula of medicinal plants in Xinjiang. The endophytic fungi were isolated from roots, stems and leaves of Ferula by microbiology research methods and technology. The endophytic fungi were identified using ITS rDNA sequence analysis and morphology analysis. The composition, diversity and preference of endophytic fungal community were analyzed with Shannon-Wiener biodiversity index (H') and Sorensen coefficient (Cs). A total of 337 strains endophytic fungi were isolated and classified into 38 genera, Alternaria, Aureobasidium and Fusarium were the dominant genera. Among the 337 isolates, the endophytic fungi of F. sinkiangensis were the most, The Shannon-Wiener biodiversity index (H') associated with roots of F. fukanensis was the highest, reached 1.85. The highest Sorensen coefficient ( Cs) was between leaf of F. sinkiangensis and leaf of F. ovina, reached 0.75. From the result, endophytic fungi were widely distributed in six Ferula, there are some notable differences between distribution and composition of the endophytic fungi isolated from different issues and different species of Ferula, show a certain degree of species and tissue preference. The results obtained in this study will provide realistic basis and theoretical basis for further study the secondary metabolites of endophytic fungi associated with Ferula, and the relationship between endophytic fungi and their host plants.
Biodiversity ; Ecology ; Endophytes ; isolation & purification ; Ferula ; microbiology ; Fungi ; classification ; isolation & purification ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of natural borneol on the permeability of blood tumor barrier (BTB) model and the expression and activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKs) signal transduction pathway related protein kinase in vitro.

METHODSC6 rat glioma cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were co-cultured to establish BTB model. Then 4 groups were set up, the blank control group, low, middle, and high dose borneol groups (25, 50, 100 µg/mL), 3 samples collected at 7 time points (0, 10, 30, 60, 120, 180, 240 min, respectively). Blank culture medium was exchanged in the blank control group while medication. Different doses of natural borneol were administered to the 3 borneol groups. Cells were collected at different time points. BTB permeability was determined using horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Expression levels of extracellular signal regulated protein kinase (ERK), phosphorylation extracellular signal regulated protein kinase (P-ERK), P38MAPK, phosphor-P38MAPK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and phosphorylation c-Jun N-terminal kinase (P-JNK) were detected using Western blot.

RESULTSCompared with the same group at min 0, the permeation rate obviously increased (P < 0.01) in the 3 borneol groups at the rest time points. P-ERK expression was elevated first, reached the peak at 30 min, and gradually recovered to the initial level (P > 0.05). Compared with the blank control group, HRP permeation rate increased from 10 min to 240 min (P < 0.01), and expression of P-ERK protein increased at 30 min and 60 min (P < 0.05) in the low dose borneol group; expression of P-JNK protein decreased in the 3 borneol groups at 180 min and 240 min (P < 0.05). Compared with the low dose borneol group, expression of P-ERK protein increased from 10 min to 180 min (P < 0.05), HRP permeation rate increased from 30 min to 180 min (P < 0.05), expression of P-JNK protein decreased at 180 and 240 min (P < 0.05) in the middle dose borneol group. Compared with the middle dose borneol group, HRP permeation rate increased from 10 min to 180 min (P < 0.05), expression of P-ERK protein increased from 10 min to 180 min (P < 0.05), expression of P-JNK protein increased at 180 min and decreased at 240 min (both P < 0.05) in the high dose borneol group.

CONCLUSIONNatural borneol arrived at the effect of regulating reversible BTB patency possibly through activating phosphorylation of ERK in MAPKs signal transduction pathway, and further reversibly down-regulating expression of associated proteins.

Animals ; Bornanes ; pharmacology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; drug effects ; Coculture Techniques ; Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases ; metabolism ; Glioma ; pathology ; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells ; Humans ; JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; metabolism ; Neoplasms ; pathology ; Permeability ; Phosphorylation ; Rats ; Signal Transduction ; drug effects ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; metabolism

ObjectiveTo investigate characteristics in vitro and contrast-enhanced effect in vivo with self-made nano-scale ultrasoud-enhanced contrast agent.MethodsNano-lipid microbubbles were prepared by machine vibration and low-speed centrifugation.The surface potential and the microbubbles size were assessed by Zetasizer nano ZS90.The bubbles dispersity and micromorphous were observed under light microscopy and electron microscope.The characteristics of microbubbles were studied at various times at 4℃ environment.The enhancement duration time and intensity of nano-lipid microbubbles in nude mice livers,kidneys and subcutaneous implanted tumors were observed,and compared with micro-scale microbubbles.ResnltsThe mean diameter of nano-lipid microbubbles was (580.6 ± 36.3) nm.The contrast imaging study in vivo showed the nano-lipid microbubbles could significantly enhance ultrasonic imaging in nude mice livers,kidneys and subcutaneous implanted tumors.ConclusionsSelf-made nano-scale ultrasoudenhanced contrast agent showed good stability and contrast-enhancement effect in vitro,and provide a experimental basis for ultrasound imaging and therapeutics of malignant tumors.

Objective To investigate the differences in position and volume between planning target volumes (PTV) based on positron emission tomography?computed tomography (PET?CT) images with an standardized uptake value ( SUV) no less than 2?5, 20% of the maximum SUV ( SUVmax ), or 25% of SUVmax , three?dimensional ( 3D ) CT, and four?dimensional ( 4D ) CT in thoracic esophageal cancer. Methods Eighteen patients with thoracic esophageal cancer sequentially received chest 3DCT, 4DCT, and [18F]fluoro?2?deoxy?D?glucose (FDG) PET?CT scans. PTV3D was obtained by conventional expansion of 3DCT images;PTV4D was obtained by fusion of target volumes from 10 phases of 4DCT images. The internal gross tumor volumes ( IGTV) , IGTVPET2.5 , IGTVPET20%, and IGTVPET25%, were generated based on PET?CT images with an SUV no less than 2?5, 20% of SUVmax , and 25% of SUVmax , respectively. These IGTVs were expanded longitudinally by 3?5 cm and radically by 1 cm to make PTVPET2.5 , PTVPET20%, and PTVPET25%, respectively. Results PTV3D was significantly larger than both PTV4D and PTVPET(P=0?000 -0?044), while there was no significant difference between PTV4D and PTVPET ( P= 0?216 -0?633 ) . The mutual degrees of inclusion ( DIs ) between PTV3D and PTV4D were 0?70 and 0?95, respectively, which were negatively correlated with 3D?Vector ( P=0?039). The mutual DIs between PTVPET2.5, PTVPET20%, and PTVPET25% were 0?74, 0?72, 0?78, 0?73, 0?77, and 0?70, respectively, which showed no correlation with 3D?Vector (P=0?150 -0?822). The mutual DIs between PTV3D and PTVPET were 0?86, 0?84, 0?88, 0?63, 0?67, and 0?59, respectively. Conclusions It is difficult to achieve complete volumetric overlap of PTVs based on 3DCT, 4DCT and PET?CT in thoracic esophageal cancer due to different target volume information. PET scan during free breathing should be used with caution to generate PTVs in thoracic esophageal cancer.