Arsenic is a toxic metalloid, which may enter the human body through a variety of routes, including drinking water, food, and air. Previous studies have shown that arsenic exposure during pregnancy may cause pregnancy complications and adverse pregnancy outcomes, and maternal arsenic levels correlate with neonatal neurodevelopment and adult health. However, the negative impact of arsenic exposure during pregnancy on maternal and child health has not been widely accepted because of inconsistent study conclusions and unclear mechanisms. Based on international and national studies pertaining to the effect of arsenic exposure during pregnancy on maternal and child health during the period between 2007 and 2022, this review describes the influencing factors and biomarkers of arsenic exposure during pregnancy, associations of arsenic exposure during pregnancy with pregnancy complications and adverse pregnancy outcomes and impact of arsenic exposure during pregnancy on neonatal neurodevelopment, and discusses the mechanisms underlying negative health effects caused by arsenic exposure during pregnancy, so as to provide the evidence for assessing the hazards of arsenic exposure during pregnancy and formulating the control strategy.

A method has been developed for the determination of tellurium(Te) in soil by hydride generation(HG) atomic fluorescence spectrometry(AFS) based on dielectric barrier discharge(DBD) plasma as low-temperature atomizer. The samples were dissolved by aqua regior acid without matrix separation. The characteristics of the DBD atomizer and the effects of different experimental parameters, such as discharge power, flow rates of discharge gas and AFS carrier gas, lamp current, negative high voltage, observation height, KBH4 concentration and acid medium on the determination were studied and the analytical performances of the present method were evaluated. The detection limit of Te was 0.08 μg/L. The linear range was from 0.5 to 80 μg/L. Recoveries of spiked sample was from 90% to 103 %. The accuracy of this method was verified by the determination of Te in the reference materials. The results agreed well with the reference values.

Objective To explore the effect of sodium fluoride on DNA damage and apoptosis on ox peripheral blood lymphocyte cultured in vitro.Methods Using lymphoeytes separation medium lymphocytes were separated and different concentration of NaF(0,4,8,12,16 mg/L)were added into the cultual system of lymphocytes for 24 h.Cell viability was measured by MTT.nuclear changes stained by acridine orange-ethidium bromine staining (AO/EB)were observed under fluoroscope,DNA fragment was measured by agarose gel electrophoresis.DNA damage was detected by alkaline SCGE.The differences between each groups were compared.Results Cells were exposed to 4,8,16 and 24 mg/L NaF in 24 h,cell survival rates,respectively being(73.743±0.552)%,(69.184±0.724)%,(65.736±0.055)%and(63.651±0.287)%,decreased significantly compared to control group.There were distinctive cell apoptosis,evident DNA damage and visible dose-effect relation(R2=0.7456).Conclusions A certain concentration of sodium fluoride lcads to lymphocytes apoptosis and DNA damage.

Adolescent ; Astragalus membranaceus ; Case-Control Studies ; Cells, Cultured ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Dendritic Cells ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Interleukin-10 ; blood ; Interleukin-12 ; blood ; Interleukin-18 ; blood ; Male ; Purpura, Schoenlein-Henoch ; blood

Objective:To analyze the current status of frailty in elderly patients undergoing cardiac surgery, explore its risk factors, and establish a predictive model of frailty in order to provide targeted and predictive nursing programs.Methods:A total of 205 cardiac surgery patients admitted to the first affiliated hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from March 2015 to January 2019 were selected as the study subjects. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to whether they were frail: the frailty group ( n=78) and the control group ( n=127). Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors that affect the frailty of elderly patients undergoing cardiac surgery. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to evaluate the effectiveness of model X [consisting of body mass index (BMI), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score, number of diseased patients, and number of drugs] in diagnosing frailty in elderly patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Results:Of the 205 patients, 78 (38.05%) showed frailty. The proportion of high school education level and above, Tinetti Gaitassessment (TGA) score≥24 and MMSE score≥27 in the frailty group was lower than that in the control group, and the proportion of Geriatric Depression Scale-15 (GDS-15) score≥7, the number of diseases≥3 and the number of drugs≥5 in the frailty group was higher than that in the control group ( χ2 value was 9.254-26.061, P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that BMI, MMSE score, number of diseased, and number of medications were independent risk factors for frailty in elderly patients undergoing cardiac surgery ( OR value was 0.032-5.275, P<0.05). The area under the ROC curve, sensitivity and specificity of frailty in elderly cardiac surgery patients assessed by model X were 0.913, 75.61% and 96.77%, respectively. Conclusion:The incidence of frailty is higher in elderly patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Model X can diagnose the frailty of elderly patients undergoing cardiac surgery and help clinical nurses to carry out targeted care.

Adult ; Coal Mining ; Dermatitis, Occupational ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence

The five-flavor theory of traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) and the flavor efficacy generation mechanism has long been focuses and difficulties in studies on traditional Chinese medicinal properties. In this paper, by using the pharmacophore-based virtual screening technique, the authors discussed the relations between the pungent property and transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) by studying the TCM components' role in regulating TRPV1 ion channel. The results showed that the matching relationship between TRPV1 agonist pharmacophore model and TCM chemical components could identify the active ingredients from pungent herbs. Therefore, the authors proposed that TRPV1 is one of the potential targets for efficient pungent herbs. The pungent property of TCMs is decided by its chemical components, and consistent with the inherited and additive characteristics.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Smell ; TRPV Cation Channels ; antagonists & inhibitors ; metabolism ; Taste

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate reporting quality of researches about interviews and focus groups in Chinese nursing field.Methods All nursing specialization journals in China mainland were searched from the inception till December 2013.The search was performed on four Chinese databases:China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database,Chinese Biomedical Literature Database,Wanfang database and VIP database.The reporting quality was assessed according to COREQ standard.Results A total of 2 758 qualitative researches were identified,among which 789 articles accorded with the inclusion and exclusion criterion.These articles were published on 19 journals such as the Chinese Journal of Nursing and the Chinese Journal of Practical Nursing.Non of the articles accorded with the COREQ standard.The flaws of reporting quality were reflected in the inadequate description of personal characteristics,incomplete reporting of data collection and the deficiency of the coding tree.Conclusions From 2004 to 2013,qualitative literature in nursing field increased year-by-year.Till now,most of the qualitative studies on nursing showed flaw of different degrees,which need continuous improvement.

Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of DZWJY-1 type electronic moxibustion apparatus and traditional moxibustion in treating knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Methods: A total of 76 eligible patients were randomized into an electronic moxibustion apparatus group and a traditional moxibustion group, with 38 cases in each group. The electronic moxibustion apparatus group was intervened by DZWJY-1 type electronic moxibustion apparatus, and the traditional moxibustion group received moxa stick moxibustion for treatment. Neixiyan (EX-LE 4), Dubi (ST 35), Xuehai (SP 10) and Liangqiu (ST 34) were selected for both groups and the treatment was conducted 3 times a week for a total of 12 times. The visual analog scale (VAS) and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities osteoarthritis index (WOMAC) scores were observed before treatment and after 6 and 12 sessions of treatment, respectively. Results: There were 4 dropout cases in the traditional moxibustion group. Therefore, this trial had 72 valid cases, including 38 cases in the electronic moxibustion apparatus group and 34 cases in the traditional moxibustion group, the differences in the baseline data between the two groups were statistically insignificant (P>0.05). After 6 and 12 sessions of treatment, the VAS scores decreased significantly with the increase of treatment sessions in both groups (all P<0.01), and the betweengroup differences were statistically insignificant at the same time points (both P>0.05). The pain intensity was evaluated using the weighted value of VAS score. The markedly effective rate was 47.4％ and the total effective rate was 89.5％ in the electronic moxibustion apparatus group, versus 50.0％ and 94.1％ in the traditional moxibustion group, and the betweengroup differences were statistically insignificant (both P>0.05). After 6 and 12 sessions of treatment, the total score and the component scores including pain, stiffness and difficulty moving in the WOMAC decreased significantly with the increase of treatment sessions in both groups (all P<0.01), and the between-group differences were statistically insignificant (all P>0.05). Conclusion: Electronic moxibustion apparatus and traditional moxibustion both are effective in reducing joint pain and improving joint function in KOA patients, and they are equivalent comparing the clinical efficacy.

Abstract: Objective　This study aims to explore the prevalence and risk factors of metabolic syndrome (MS) among the adults in Hainan Province, and to provide scientific basis for MS prevention and control. Methods　A multi-stage cluster random sampling method was applied to select 3 690 permanent residents aged 18 years and above in Hainan Province. The survey was conducted by trained investigators using household appointments and centralized surveys. A questionnaire survey, physical measurement, and laboratory examination were conducted after the collection of blood samples. The processed samples were then tested by a quality-controlled laboratory. Finally, we analysed the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) and its relationship with population characteristics and health-related behaviors. Results　The crude prevalence of MS in the population aged 18 and above in Hainan province was 19.46% and the standardized prevalence was 13.21%, with a higher rate in urban areas (22.21%) than in rural areas (18.13%). The prevalence of MS increased with age (P<0.001), and there were significant differences in MS prevalence among different marital and occupational statuses (P<0.01). Logistic regression results indicated that the age groups of 40-<50 years (OR=2.986, 95%CI:1.355-6.580), 50-<60 years (OR=3.739, 95%CI: 1.715-8.151), 60-<70 years (OR=3.890, 95%CI: 1.769-8.556), 70 years and above (OR=3.927, 95%CI: 1.758-8.771), technical, transportation and production personnel (OR=1.579, 95%CI: 1.033-2.412), retired (OR=1.788, 95%CI: 1.415-2.259), unemployed (OR=1.503, 95%CI: 1.044-2.165), smoking cessation (OR=1.582, 95%CI: 1.162-2.154), insufficient intake of fruits and vegetables (OR=1.196, 95%CI: 1.005-1.422), and insufficient physical activity (OR=1.437, 95%CI: 1.155-1.787) were all associated with the prevalence of MS. Among the investigated subjects, 30.22% of them had one abnormal component, with hyperglycemia being the highest (54.44%); 24.25% of them had two abnormal components, with "hyperglycemia + hypertension" being the highest (33.30%); and 19.46% had three or more components, with "overweight/obesity + hyperglycemia + hypertension" being the highest (24.79%). Conclusions　The prevalence of MS in Hainan Province is on the rise, and effective lifestyle intervention measures are needed to reduce the risk of MS.