By the breeding model of physics mutagenests (60Co,UV light) and re-strong in the body of insects, We obtained a Bt strain Bt99985 with high insecticidal activity. The shake flask and 40t tank fermentation tests showed that, this strain showed special activity against Spodoptera exjgua, Comparing with original Bt strain: 93005, CK strain: HD-1-580 and GC-91, the value of potency increased respectively by 429%, 655% and 114% in shake flask test. Comparing with GC-91, the value of potency increased by 180% in 40t tank fermentation test.

OBJECTIVEAfter performed symptom-limited maximum cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) before and after acute alkalized blood, we repeated CPET with pure oxygen.

METHODSFive volunteers, 3hr after alkalizing blood room air CPET, re-performed CPET inhaling from Douglas bag connected with pure oxygen tank. We compared with those of room air CPETs before and after alkalized blood.

RESULTSAfter alkalized blood oxygen CPET had a similar response pattern as those of CPETs before and after blood alkalization. During the CPET, all breath frequency, minute ventilation and tidal volume at each stage were similar to those of CPETs before and after alkalized blood (P > 0.05),except there was a lower peak tidal volume than those of both CPETs and a slightly higher resting minute ventilation only than CPET after alkalized blood (P > 0.05). After alkalized blood, oxygen CPET, all PaO2 and SaO2 and most Hb were lower than those of both CPETs (P < 0.05). The pHa and [HCO3-]a were higher than those of CPET before alkalized blood (P < 0.05); but were not CPET after alkalized blood (P > 0.05). PaCO2 was similar to that of CPET before alkalized blood (P > 0.05), but was lower than that of CPET after alkalized blood at resting and warm-up (P < 0.05); then was similar to both CPETs at anaerobic threshold (P > 0.05); but was higher at peak exercise higher than those of both CPETs (P < 0.01). Oxygen increased 2,3 volunteers' workload and time at AT and peak exercises.

CONCLUSIONRespiratory response pattern to oxygen CPET after alkalized blood is similar to those of both CPETs before and after alkalized blood. The CPET response is dominantly depended upon metabolic rate, but not levels of pHa, PaCO2 and PaO2.

Blood Gas Analysis ; Exercise Test ; Humans ; Oxygen ; Respiratory Physiological Phenomena

Objective To investigate the effect of Shuangbo San on promoting the recovery of gastrointestinal function of prostatic cancer patients after laparoscopic radical prostatectomy(LRP). Methods Sixty-five prostatic cancer patients after LRP were randomly divided into treatment group and control group. The treatment group (N = 33)was treated with postoperative conventional western medicine combined with acupoint application of heated Shuangbo San on Shenque(CV8), and the control group(N = 32) was treated with postoperative conventional western medicine. The treatment lasted for 7 continous days. The clinical outcomes included time for the recovery of bowel sounds, postoperative exsufflation time, postoperative defecation time, time for the relief of abdominal distension and pain, average hospitalization time and total effective rate. Results (1) Time for the recovery of bowel sounds, postoperative exsufflation time, and postoperative defecation time in the treatment group were shortened as compared with the control group, the difference being significant (P < 0.05 or P <0.01). (2) After treatment, time for the relief of abdominal distension and pain, and average hospitalization time in the treatment group were shorter, and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores of abdominal distension and pain were less than those in the control group, the difference being significant(P<0.01).(3) The total effective rate of the treatment group and the control group was 93.94％, 71.88％ respectively, the difference being statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion Acupoint application of heated Shuangbo San on Shenque(CV8) is effective on promoting the exsufflation and defecation of post-LRP prostatic cancer patients, relieving abdominal distension and pain, promoting the recovery of gastrointestinal function, reducing the risk of postoperative intestinal obstruction and shortening hospitalization time, and has certain advantages as compared with postoperative conventional western medicine.

Objective: Conventional open spinal surgery of adult scoliosis can be performed from anterior, posterior, or combined approach. Minimally invasive spine surgery (MISS) was developed for the purpose of reducing the undesirable effects and complications. This review aimed to make a brief summary of recent studies of the approach and clinical outcomes of MISS in adult scoliosis. Data Sources: We conducted a systematic search from PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, and other literature databases to collect reports of surgical methods and clinical outcomes of MISS in treatment of adult scoliosis. Those reports were published up to March 2017 with the following key terms: "minimally invasive," "spine," "surgery," and "scoliosis."Study Selection: The inclusion criteria of the articles were as followings: diagnosed with adult degenerative scoliosis (DS) or adult idiopathic scoliosis; underwent MISS or open surgery; with follow?up data. The articles involving patients with congenital scoliosis or unknown type were excluded and those without any follow?up data were also excluded from the study. The initial search yielded 233 articles. After title and abstract extraction, 29 English articles were selected for full?text review. Of those, 20 studies with 831 patients diagnosed with adult DS or adult idiopathic scoliosis were reviewed. Seventeen were retrospective studies, and three were prospective studies. Results: The surgical technique reported in these articles was direct or extreme lateral interbody fusion, axial lumbar interbody fusion, and transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion. Among the clinical outcomes of these studies, the operated levels was 3–7, operative time was 2.3–8.5 h. Both the Cobb angle of coronal major curve and evaluation of Oswestry Disability Index and Visual Analog Scale decreased after surgery. There were 323 complications reported in the 831 (38.9%) patients, including 150 (18.1%) motor or sensory deficits, and 111 (13.4%) implant?related complications. Conclusions: MISS can provide good radiological and self?evaluation improvement in treatment of adult scoliosis. More prospective studies will be needed before it is widely used.

A novel mucoadhesive microcapsule with drug-resin complex core loaded with berberine hydrochloride (BH) was developed and optimized. Drug-ion exchange resin (IER) complex was prepared by static method which stirring IER in drug solution at certain conditions. The influences of different IERs, different temperature, pH values and concentrations of drug solution on the drug loading were investigated. IER complex was coated by emulsion-solvent evaporation method. The coating fluid formulation was optimized using central composite design-response surface methodology, where the ratio between Carbopol 934 and IER (X1), the ratio between Eudragit and IER (X2) and the ratio between Eudragit RL and RS (X3) were taken as independent variables. Time of cumulative release 85% (Y1) and percentage of gastric retention (Y2) were taken as response variables. Drug loading achieved a high level and more drug available in the condition of IER (IRP 88), 37 degrees C, pH 5 and 1.0 mg x mL(-1) drug solution. When X1 = 0.75, X2 = 0.9, X3 = 0.6, the time of cumulative release reached 85% at 300 min, the highest percentage of gastric retention in the range of this experiment were procured.
Acrylates ; chemistry ; Animals ; Berberine ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Capsules ; Delayed-Action Preparations ; Drug Compounding ; methods ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Emulsions ; Gastric Mucosa ; metabolism ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Ion Exchange Resins ; chemistry ; Male ; Polymers ; chemistry ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Temperature

Catheterization ; adverse effects ; methods ; Catheterization, Central Venous ; adverse effects ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Subclavian Artery ; surgery

BACKGROUNDActivation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) plays a critical role in the late phase of Th2-dependent allergy induction. STAT6 is essential to Th2 cell differentiation, recruitment, and effector function. Our previous study confirmed that DNA vaccination inhibited STAT6 expression of spleen cells induced by allergen. In the present study, we determined whether DNA vaccine encoding Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus group 2 (Der p2) could down-regulate the expression and activation of STAT6 in lung tissue from asthmatic mice.

METHODSAfter DNA vaccine immunization, BALB/c mice were sensitized by intraperitoneal injection and challenged by intranasal instillation of rDer p2. The levels of the cytokines IL-4 and IL-13 in BAL fluid were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The lung tissue was assessed by immunohistochemical staining with anti-STAT6. The protein expression of STAT6 was determined by Western blot. The activation of STAT6 binding ability was analyzed with electrophoretic mobility shift assay.

RESULTSDNA vaccine encoding Der p2 allergen effectively decreased the levels of IL-4 and IL-13 in the asthmatic mice. Histological evidence and Western blot showed that the expression of STAT6 in the DNA treated mice was markedly attenuated. STAT6 binding to specific DNA motif in lung tissue from the gene vaccinated mice was inhibited.

CONCLUSIONDNA vaccine encoding Der p2 prevents allergic pulmonary inflammation probably by inhibiting the STAT6 signaling pathway in mice with Der p2 allergen-induced allergic airway inflammation.

Animals ; Antigens, Dermatophagoides ; genetics ; immunology ; Arthropod Proteins ; Asthma ; prevention & control ; Down-Regulation ; Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay ; Interleukin-13 ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Interleukin-4 ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Lung ; pathology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; STAT6 Transcription Factor ; analysis ; antagonists & inhibitors ; genetics ; Signal Transduction ; Vaccination ; Vaccines, DNA ; therapeutic use

Design space approach is applied in this study to enhance the robustness of first ethanol precipitation process of Codonopsis Radix (Dangshen) by optimizing parameters. Total flavonoid recovery, dry matter removal, and pigment removal were defined as the process critical quality attributes (CQAs). Plackett-Burman designed experiments were carried out to find the critical process parameters (CPPs). Dry matter content of concentrated extract (DMCE), mass ratio of ethanol to concentrated extract (E/C ratio) and concentration of ethanol (CEA) were identified as the CPPs. Box-Behnken designed experiments were performed to establish the quantitative models between CPPs and CQAs. Probability based design space was obtained and verified using Monte-Carlo simulation method. According to the verification results, the robustness of first ethanol precipitation process of Dangshen can be guaranteed by operating within the design space parameters. Recommended normal operation space are as follows: dry matter content of concentrated extract of 45.0% - 48.0%, E/C ratio of 2.48-2.80 g x g(-1), and the concentration of ethanol of 92.0% - 92.7%.
Chemical Precipitation ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; Codonopsis ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

OBJECTIVETo study the pattern of the alterations of blood glucose, insulin and insulin sensitivity after traumatic brain injury in rats, and verify the occurrence of insulin resistance after the injury.

METHODSBased on Feeney's model of brain injury, the blood glucose and insulin concentration of the dogs measured 30 min before and at 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 120 h after injury. BG60-120, GIR60-120, and insulin sensitivity index (ISI) reflecting the insulin sensitivity were measured at 6, 24, 48, and 72 hours following severe traumatic brain injury using euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp.

RESULTSBoth the blood glucose and insulin concentration increased markedly in rats following moderate and severe brain injury. BG60-120 increased markedly, and GIR60-120 and ISI decreased significantly 6, 24, 48, and 72 h after severe brain trauma as compared with those of the sham operation group. Blood glucose concentration of rats following severe injury was positively correlated with insulin concentration and BG60-120 at the corresponding time points, but negatively with GIR60-120 and ISI.

CONCLUSIONBoth the blood glucose and insulin concentration increase markedly in rats following severe brain injury. Increased blood glucose even in the presence of high-level insulin is due to acute insulin resistance occurring after traumatic brain injury.

Animals ; Blood Glucose ; metabolism ; Brain Injuries ; blood ; complications ; physiopathology ; Hyperglycemia ; etiology ; Insulin ; blood ; Insulin Resistance ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

OBJECTIVEBasis on the dynamic changes of the ventilation and arterial blood gas parameters to symptom-limited maximum cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET), we further investigate the effect of alkalized blood by drinking 5% NaHCO3 on ventilation during exercise.

METHODSAfter drinking 5% NaHCO3 75 ml (3.75 g) every 5 min, total dosage of 0.3 g/Kg, 5 volunteers repeated CPET. All CPET and ABG data changes were analyzed and calculated. At the same time, CPET and ABG parameters after alkalized blood were compared with those before alkalized blood (control) used paired t test.

RESULTSAfter alkalized blood, CPET response patterns of parameters of ventilation, gas exchange and arterial blood gas were very similar (P > 0.05). All minute ventilation, tidal volume, respiratory rate, oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide elimination were gradually increased from resting stage (P < 0.05-0.001), according to the increase of power loading. During CPET after alkalized blood, ABG parameters were compared with those of control: hemoglobin concentrations were lower, CaCO2 and pHa were increased at all stages (P < 0.05). The PaCO2 increased trend was clear, however only significantly at warm-up from 42 to 45 mmHg (P < 0.05). Compared with those of control, only the minute ventilation was decreased from 13 to 11 L/min at resting (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONEven with higher mean CaCO2, PaCO2 and pHa, lower Hba and [H+]a, the CPET response patterns of ventilatory parameters after alkalized blood were similar.

Blood Gas Analysis ; Carbon Dioxide ; Exercise Test ; Humans ; Oxygen ; Oxygen Consumption ; Respiration ; Respiratory Physiological Phenomena ; Tidal Volume