Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Antioxidants ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Brain ; drug effects ; pathology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Melatonin ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Neuroprotective Agents ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective:To observe the effect of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) at different intensities on the expression of adiponectin and its receptors in C2C12 myoblasts, and to explore the potential mechanism by which LIPUS promotes the differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts.Methods:C2C12 myoblasts cultured in vitro were randomly divided into a control group and U 0.1, U 0.3 and U 0.5 groups. The control group received sham LIPUS exposure, while the U 0.1, U 0.3 and U 0.5 groups were exposed to LIPUS at intensities of 0.1W/cm 2, 0.3W/cm 2 or 0.5W/cm 2 respectively, and 1MHz for 5 min daily for 5 days. Cell viability was measured using CCK-8 assays. Fluorescence quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reactions were used to detect the mRNA expression of adiponectin, adiponectin receptor 1 (adipoR1) and T-cadherin in the cells. Western blotting was employed to assess the protein expression of adiponectin, adipoR1, T-cadherin, adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK), activated phosphorylated adenylate-activated protein kinase (P-AMPK), embryonic myosin heavy chain (eMHC) and myogenin (MYOG). The differentiation ability of the 4 groups was measured using cell immunofluorescence chemistry. Results:After the intervention the cell viability in the U 0.1, U 0.3 and U 0.5 groups was significantly higher than in the control group. Compared with the control group, the average mRNA expression of adiponectin and the receptors of adipoR1 and T-cadherin were up-regulated significantly in the U 0.3 and U 0.5 groups. The average adiponectin, adipoR1 and T-cadherin protein expressions, and the AMPK phosphorylation level in the U 0.3 and U 0.5 groups had increased significantly compared with the control group, but all were significantly lower than in the U 0.3 group. The average protein expression of eMHC and MYOG, and the C2C12 myoblast fusion indices of the U 0.3 and U 0.5 groups were significantly higher the control group′s averages. Conclusions:LIPUS can promote the differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts. It is most effective at 0.3W/cm 2, administered for 5min/d at 1MHz with a 20% duty cycle. Its regulatory mechanism may be related to up-regulation of the expression of adiponectin, the adipoR1 and T-cadherin receptors, and the activation of AMPK phosphorylation in C2C12 myoblasts.

Objective To observe the effect of T-2 toxin on growth and development of rat epiphyseal plate of left knee and metaphyseal bone of femur and tibia in normal and low nutritional status, to find out possible pathogenic factors of Kashin-Beck disease and provide experimental basis for early intervention. Methods Ninety 3-week-old Wistar rats, weighing 60 - 70 g, were randomly divided into three groups: control group(general feed), T-2 toxin + general feed group, T-2 toxin + low nutrition feed group, thirty rats in each group with equally sex ratio. T-2 toxin (1.0 mg/kg) was administered orally 5 times a week via a gavage needle for 4 weeks. The change of hair, activity and body weight was observed. After 1, 2, 4 weeks, the epiphyseal plate of left knee and metaphyseal bone of femur and tibia (including distal femur and proximal tibia) were collected. Specimens were processed with HE and Masson staining. The morphology of chondrocytes and matrix collagen content in epiphyseal plate was observed. Trabecular bone volume fraction in tibial metaphyseal bone was analyzed by Image-Pro Plus 6.0 software. Results In the control group, rats were in good movement and hair with light, but in T-2 toxin + general feed group and T-2 toxin + low nutrition feed group, rats were found with reduced activities and hair with dark color. Body weights(g) of the control group, the T-2 toxin + general feed group and the T-2 toxin + low nutrition feed group were 81.0 ± 6.2, 79.0 ±5.1, 77.0 ± 7.5, respectively, by the end of first week; 101.8 ± 6.7, 97.0 ± 6.8, 93.0 ± 5.3, respectively, by the end of second week; 151.1 ± 15.7, 126.5 ± 11.9, 106.5 ± 11.5, respectively, by the end of fourth week. There was significant difference in groups by second week and the fourth week (F = 9.72, 41.65, all P ＜ 0.05 ). There was significant difference among multi-groups by the fourth week(all P ＜ 0.01 ). Under light microscope, at the second weeks, coagulative necrosis of chondrocytes was found in hypertrophic zone in the two groups with T-2 toxin; at the fourth weeks, cell necrosis increased. Masson staining showed collagen staining in the two groups with T-2 toxin significantly turned to clear pale coloration, indicating that the collagen matrix was significantly reduced. Image analysis showed there was significant difference in groups at the second and fourth week(F= 9.72, 41.65, all P＜ 0.05)in tibial metaphyseal trabecular bone volume fraction. There was significant difference between T-2 toxin + low nutrition feed group[(0.55 ± 0.12)％, (0.21 ± 0.0)％] and control group[(0.67 ± 0.09)％, (0.51 ± 0.14)％] by the second and fourth week(all P ＜ 0.01 ). Conclusions Under normal nutritional status, T-2 toxin can induce hypertrophic epiphyseal cartilage necrosis, collagen content decreased in epiphyseal plate, metaphyseal trabecular bone formation disorders; in the low nutritional status, T-2 toxin can lead to rat epiphyseal necrosis and significant metaphyseal bone disorder, but whether the performance is related to Kaschin-Beck disease needs to be studied further.

Objective To study the effects of exogenous melatonin on plasma corticosterone(CS)and adrenal glucocorticoid receptor(GR)mRNA in neonatal rats after hypoxic-ischemic brain damage(HIBD). Methods One hundred and forteen 7-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups:model group(K group),sham operation group(H group),melatonin-treated group(T group),and normal control group(S group). Blood was obtained in different time points after HIBD. Plasma CS levels were measured by radioimmunoassay(RIA). The expression of GR mRNA was detected by semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR). Results Plasma level of CS increased and the expression of GR mRNA decreased significantly after HIBD,however,these changes were markedly reversed by exogenous melatonin. Conclusions Plasma CS and adrenal gland GR were involved in the pathological process of HIBD. Exogenous melatonin could up-regulate the expression of GR by decreasing the level of endogenous CS,so it may alleviate the excess stress injury after HIBD.

This study aims to assess if adverse drug reactions (ADRs) to Kudiezi injection are allergic in origin. Hospital information system (HIS) data from 18 hospitals in China were used to carry out a nested case control design study. Included were patients who received dexamethasone for suspected allergic reactions after receiving Kudiezi injection. These were compared with non-allergic reaction people. Single factor logistic regression and multiple factor logistic regression were used to analyze data. Condition on admission, allergic history, dosage, disease status and drug combinations were taken into account in cases of suspected allergic reactions. After analysis in two subgroups we found that the condition on solvents had a significant effect, P values were 0.005 5 and < 0.000 1 on suspected cases of allergic reactions. For the first subgroup analysis, we found using other eight injections at the same time as Kudiezi injection could be risk factors in suspected cases of allergic reactions. For the second subgroup analysis combining using mannitol or fructose could increase risks. Based on this current research, condition on admission as well as the concomitant use of some other drugs may be the risk factors in suspected cases of allergic reactions. However, further research for verification is required. This study can provide guidance for safe clinical practice in using Kudiezi injection.
Adult ; Aged ; Case-Control Studies ; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions ; diagnosis ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Hospital Information Systems ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; diagnosis ; Injections ; Male ; Middle Aged

In order to find the characteristics of two members of gene family of squaleneexpoxidase (SE) , a quantitative real time PCR method was developed to analyze the expression of Eleutherococcus senticosus SE1 and SE2 gene from different growth periods and in different organs. The result indicated that all the expression of SE2 more than SE1 in the whole growth period and organs of E. senticosus. And in the whole growth period, expression of SE1 showed a low-high-low characteristic. Both expression of SE2 and growth period showed the same trend. The lowest content of the expression was in the roots. SE1 expression have been improved more than SE2 when treated with MeJA. The expression of E. senticosus SE1 and saponins content had significantly positive correlation (P < 0.05) and the correlation coefficients was 0. 858, while the correlation was not significant for SE2. That indicated that SE1 played a key enzyme gene in the biosynthesis of triterpenoidsaponins
Eleutherococcus ; chemistry ; enzymology ; genetics ; growth & development ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Peroxidase ; genetics ; metabolism ; Plant Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Saponins ; analysis ; metabolism ; Transcriptome

Objective To evaluate the influence of orthokeratology lenses on vision,intraocular pressure and biometric measurement parameters in adolescent myopia.Methods A total of 72 adolescent myopia patients (136 eyes) with orthokeratology lens,aged 8-16 years old,in Hebei Provincial Eye Hospital from Junuary 2013 to December 2015 were randomly selected.The vision,intraocular pressure,axial length,corneal topography,corneal thickness and anterior chamber depth were observed before wearing glasses,at 1 week,1,3,6 months after wearing glasses.Results After orthokeratology wearing,the uncorrected visual acuity was obviously improved (P＜0.05),the average refraction diopter was declined (P＞0.05) and the non-contact intraocular pressure was decreased (P＜0.05).The axial length after orthokeratology wearing had little change (P＞0.05).The curvature of the patient's cornea at one week after wearing glasses was deceased (P＜0.05) and the posterior corneal curvature tended towards stability.The corneal thickness at 1 week after wearing glasses had no obvious change compared with before wearing glasses(P＞0.05),which at 1 month after wearing glasses was decreased(P＜0.05) and which at 3,6 months after wearing glasses trended to be stabilized.The anterior chamber depth after wearing glasses had no obvious change.Conclusion Orthkeratology lens can decrease the myopia degree,increases the uncorrected visual acuity and has obvious effect for controlling adolescent myopia.The intraocular pressure and biometric measurement parameters have corresponding change after wearing orthkeratology lens.

Background Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) disease and mainly leads to optical nerve degeneration.Its primary mechanism is synthesis disorder of DN4 protein due to variation of mtDNA 11778 locus.So to construct a vector with exogenous normal ND4 and transfect into mitochondria is a key of gene therapy for LHON.Objective This study was to investigate the in vitro transfection of adeno-associated virus (AAV)-ND4 gene into mitochondria.Methods Human renal epithelial cell lines transfected adenovirus E1A (293 cells) were regularly cultured and divided into two groups.Framework plasmids of recombinant AAV-ND4 or simple AAV2 were added to the cell medium respectively.The expression of ND4 in cells were located 12,24,36 and 48 hours after transfected by Y03 dual fluorescent quantum dots staining.The positive response for ND4 showed the green fluorescence.Results Cultured 293 cells grew well with 80％ confluence.Abundant green fluorescence particles were seen in cytoplasm in the AAV-ND4 transfected group,but only red fluorescence from mitochondrial protein was seen in the simple AAV transfected group under the fluorescence microscope.Conclusions Exogenous ND4 protein can been successfully transfected into mitochondria using the ND4 gene constructed AAV.This result provides experimental evidence for the further study on gene therapy of LHON.

Objective To study the effects of nitric oxide synthase(NOS) and nitric oxide(NO) in post-asphyxial renal injury in neonatal rats.Methods Forty-eight Wistar neonatal rats were randomly divided into 4 groups:controls,2 h,24 h and 48 h post-asphyxia groups (12 in each group).The rats were decapitated in different times(2 h,24 h and 48 h) after asphyxia for 30 minutes.The renals were dissected to determined the concentrations of NO and NOS.And the scores of renal tubules were measured under light microscope.Results Compared with control group,the levels of NO and NOS significantly increased at 2 h and 24 h after asphyxia.The scores of renal tubules were significant difference at 24 h and 48 h after asphyxia compared to controls.Conclusion These findings suggest NOS and NO may play an important role in the development of post-asphyxia renal injury.

The incidence of male infertility increased year by year, which seriously affects family welfare and social development. This article reviews and sorts out recent years’ studies on acupuncture treatment for male infertility. The results show that acupuncture treatment has produced a good clinical effect on this disease. Some progresses have been made in clinical acupuncture point selection, operating methods, complex treatment and therapeutic mechanism. The clinical effect and the mechanism of action of acupuncture treatment for this disease have been deeply explored from symptom differentiation and classification, acupoint selection and prescription, acupoint stimulation mode, and combined acupuncture and moxibustion therapy so as to provide new ideas for clinical acupuncture treatment and basic study.