Objective To review the examination techniques and the current research progress of the magnetic resonance diffusion weighted-imaging (DWI) used in liver. Methods The recent and relevant literatures about the principles and the current study situation of liver DWI were scrutinized and analyzed retrospectively. In addition, the existing problems of liver DWI were discussed. Results DWI could demonstrate the normal and abnormal structure and function through measuring the diffusion motions of water molecule in the liver. With the improving technology and better understanding of diffusion dynamics, DWI has been used for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis for hepatic diseases. Conclusion DWI as a non-invasive examine method, may provide valuable functional information for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Adult ; Dust ; Female ; Glass ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Diseases ; epidemiology ; Prevalence ; Skin Diseases ; epidemiology ; Young Adult

BACKGROUND:Col agen and silk fibroin materials for construction of spinal cord scaffolds have been proven to repair or partial y repair damaged spinal cord nerve function. OBJECTIVE:To introduce partial characteristics of the col agen and silk fibroin and to review the recent progress and application as scaffolds in spinal cord tissue engineering. METHODS:A computer-based search of CNKI and PubMed databases (2003-01/2012-10) was performed for articles addressing the application of col agen and silk fibroin scaffolds in spinal cord injury with the keywords of“col agen, silk fibroin, scaffold, spinal cord injury”in Chinese and English, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Col agen has low antigenicity, good biocompatibility and biodegradability. Col agen and its degradation products can cause no inflammatory reactions in the body, but have the disadvantages of rapid degradation and poor mechanical properties. Silk fibroin has good biocompatibility and excellent mechanical properties, but its degradation is slow. The col agen and silk fibroin are compounded using an electrostatic spinning technology to improve the physical properties of the material on the basis of maintaining good biocompatibility. At present, fibroin or col agen materials in terms of nervous system repair have been studied, laying some foundation for spinal cord tissue engineering. Considering the similar characteristics and mechanics performance to the spinal cord tissue, col agen/silk fibroin composite materials are expected to become the ideal scaffold materials for spinal cord tissue engineering.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the risk,advantages and disadvantages and countermeasures of new drugs,generic drugs and imported drugs in different transfer opportunities,and to provide basis for improvement of development strategy for phar-maceutical enterprises. METHODS:The analysis was done in accordance with relevant regulations on transferable projects in the process of applying for registrations of new drugs,generic drugs and imported drugs. The transfer period and risk were explored and countermeasures were put forward. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:Transferable projects included intellectual property rights (patents,patent application,technical secrets,application information,non-disclosed data,etc.)and ownership rights(clinical tri-al approvals,new drug certificates,drug approval number,pharmaceutical product registration certificates,imported product regis-tration certificates,etc.)in the process of applying for registrations. There are 4 opportunities for drug technology transfer,opportu-nity 1 is before applying clinical trial approvals after the completion of non-clinical research such as pharmacology,toxicology;op-portunity 2 is ahead of clinical trial after the acquirement of clinical trial approvals;opportunity 3 is new drug technology transfer;opportunity 4 is production technology transfer. The new drugs have 4 transfer opportunities,generic drugs and imported drugs can transfer in opportunity 1,2,4. Different transfer opportunities present different risks and profits. The risk gradually decreases with the further promotion of drug registration process,while the innovation decreases at the same time. Pharmaceutical enterprises should combine with the policy,market and their own features to select a suitable transfer period.

Iron uptake mechanism of Vibrio alginolyticus was primarily investigated. V.alginolyticus could survive in the medium with high-concentration iron chelator. The strain of V. alginolyticus isolated from diseased fish produced more siderophore than that from marine environment. The extract of siderophore from V. alginolyticus could stimulate the growth of Escherichia coli mutant AN93. Under iron limitation,the growth rate was decreased and several outer membrane proteins were induced. Adding iron into the iron-limited medium the normal growth could be recovered.

Objective: To investigate analgesic effect of gabapentin(GBP)combined with agmatine(AGM)on diabetic neuropathic pain(DNP)model rats and explore possible mechanism. Methods: SPF SD male rats were injected intraperitoneally with STZ 65 mg/kg to create a neuropathic pain model of diabetic rats. The model rats were randomly divided into 5 groups(n=8): the model group, low-dose GBP group(30 mg/kg, ip), high-dose GBP group(100 mg/kg, ip), AGM group(80 mg/kg, ig)and the GBP-AGM combined group(GBP 30 mg/kg, ip+AGM 80 mg/kg, ig). In addition, a control group was set with 8 randomly selected normal rats. The control group and the model group were intragastrically and intraperitoneally administered an equal volume of physiological saline, respectively, while the test groups were administered drugs with the given dose in the indicated manner, all for continuous 14 days. The rat body mass, tail vein blood glucose, mechanical withdrawal threshold(MWT)and thermal withdrawal latency(TWL) were measured on day 1 before STZ injection and every 7th day after STZ injection, and the plantar tenderness meter was used for the MWT and TWL measurement. The rats were sacrificed 24 h after the last administration, and the spinal cord tissues were harvested. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of p-ERK and c-Fos protein in spinal cord tissues. Results: Compared with the normal control group, the body mass was reduced, blood glucose increased, MWT decreased, and TWL shortened in the model group, all significantly(P<0.01). After 14 days of the continuous drug administration, compared with the model group, the body mass and blood glucose showed no significant changes(both P>0.05)in all of the drug-test groups, while the MWT was increased and the TWL was prolonged in the GBP 100 mg/kg group and the GBP-AGM combined group(both P<0.01). Western blotting results showed that the level of p-ERK and c-Fos protein in the spindal cord was significantly higher in the model group than in the control group(P<0.05). Further, the p-ERK and c-Fos protein level was significantly lower in the GBP+AGM combined group than in the model group(P<0.05)and there was no statistical difference between the GBP 100 mg/kg group and the GBP-AGM combination group. Conclusion: The combination of GBP 30 mg/kg with AGM 80 mg/kg could alleviate neuropathic pain in diabetic rats, which is similar to GBP 100mg/kg and the analgesic effect is likely related to the inhibition of ERK/c-Fos signaling pathway in the spina cord.

Objective To explore the effect of electromyogram-triggered neuromusclar stimulation (ETNS) on motor function of upper limbs of stroke patients. Methods 45 stroke patients from July, 2011 to December, 2012 in China Rehabilitation Research Center were randomly divided into control group (n=15), neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) group (n=15) and ETNS group (n=15). 3 groups were given routine medication and rehabilitation treatment. They were assessed with the largest surface electromyography (sEMG), Simple Test for Evaluating Hand Function (STEF), and modified Barthel Index before and after treatment. Results After treatment, the range of sEMG of extension carpi radialis and STEF improved in three groups (P<0.05). NMES group and ETNS group were better than the control group (P<0.05), and ETNS group was better than NMES group (P<0.05). The scores of modified Barthel Index rose (P<0.05), NMES group and ETNS group were better than the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Both NMES and ETNS can improve the motor recovery of upper limbs after stroke, and ETNS is more effective.

UNLABELLEDObjective: In order to assess the integrative cardiopulmonary function after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD), we used symptom limited maximum cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET).

METHODSAll 59 patients diagnosed stable CAD by coronary angiography and echocardiography from August to December of 2014 in our hospital, were divided two groups. PCI group, 31 patients received PCI and drugs. Control group, 28 patients received drugs therapy only. All patients performed CPET before and after the treatment.

RESULTSAll patients safely completed CPET without any complications. The control group, all functional parameters were unchanged (P > 0.05). PCI group, the anaerobic threshold, peak oxygen uptake and peak oxygen pulse increased significantly (P < 0.05) from baseline,but not for others (P > 0.05). For individual analysis, PCI group had higher rates of increase (≥ 10% of baseline) in both peak oxygen uptake and peak oxygen pulse than those of control group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONCPET is an objective, quantitative, safe and effective method to evaluate the clinical therapeutic efficiency. PCI can improve the integrative cardiopulmonary function in CAD patients.

Anaerobic Threshold ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Artery Disease ; surgery ; Exercise Test ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Oxygen ; Oxygen Consumption ; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of oligochitosan in promoting intestinal absorption of protoberberine alkaloids in extracts from Corydalis saxicola total alkaloids.

METHODThe in vitro single-pass intestinal perfusion model in rats was established to study the changes in absorption kinetic parameters of dehydrocavidine, berberine hydrochloride and palmatine chloride in C. saxicola total alkaloids after the addition of different concentrations oligochitosan and evaluate the effect of oligochitosan in promoting intestinal absorption of the drugs.

RESULTThe concentration of oligochitosan had different effects on the absorption rate constant (Ka) and apparent permeability coefficient (Peff) of the three active component in rat intestines. Ka and Peff in 0.5% oligochitosan group significantly increased, indicating a stronger effect in promoting the absorption.

CONCLUSIONOligochitosan has a certain effect in promoting the intestinal absorptions of protoberberine alkaloids in C. saxicola total alkaloids.

Animals ; Berberine Alkaloids ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Chitin ; administration & dosage ; analogs & derivatives ; Corydalis ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Intestinal Absorption ; drug effects ; Intestines ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective To investigate the possible mechanism of aggregation and activation of neu-trophils(polymorphonuclear neutrophils,PMN)in mice with chlamydial pneumonitis. Methods C57BL/ 6 mice were inoculated intranasally with 3×103 inclusion-forming units(IFU)of Chlamydia muridarum(Cm) to induce the murine model of chlamydial pneumonitis. Samples of lung tissues collected at different time points after infection were stained by hematoxylin and eosin for histopathological assessment of inflammation. The levels of myelo-peroxidase(MPO)were detected for the evaluation of PMN aggregation. The mononu-clear cells were isolated from lung tissues. The inflammatory cells were counted with Giemsaˊs staining. CD11b+Gr1+ cell population and CD11b expression in lung mononuclear cells were analyzed by flow cytome-try. The expression of chemokines(MIP-2,LIX,KC and MCP-1)in lung tissues at mRNA level was meas-ured by RT-PCR. Results Chlamydial pneumonitis was induced in mice by intranasal inoculation of 3×103 IFU of Cm. Compared with the mice from control group,large amounts of inflammatory cells including PMN, monocytes and lymphocytes were induced in lung tissues of mice with Cm infection. PMN responded earlier than monocytes to the infection. The levels of MPO were significantly increased in mice with Cm infection and reached the highest level on the 7th day after infection. A decline in MPO levels was observed on the 14th day but the levels were still higher than those on day 0. The percentages and total numbers of CD11b+Gr1+ cells were significantly increased after Cm infection. Moreover,an increased expression of PMN CD11b was also detected by flow cytometry. The expression of chemokines(MIP-2,LIX,KC and MCP-1)was in-creased in lung tissues of mice after Cm infection. The results of the study indicated that Cm infection in-duced the expression of PMN chemoattractants,resulting in the recruitment of PMN. Conclusion The infil-tration and activation of PMN in lung tissues of mice were induced by Cm infection through increasing the ex-pression of chemokines. PMN played an important role in immune responses against Cm infection.