Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Hepatitis B ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; Hepatitis B Vaccines ; immunology ; Humans ; Immunization Schedule ; Infant ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Vaccination ; Vaccines, Synthetic ; immunology

Objectives To understand current status of the admission and treatment for the patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in central hospitals of Shanghai area,and to evaluate the severity of patients admitted to the hospital with CAP by the criteria set in the Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment for CAP developed by the Chinese Medical Association in 2006 and provide evidence for its popularization and application throughout the country.Methods Medical records of 137 patients with CAP admitted to the hospital from January 1,2005 to September 30,2006 were retrospectively studied and analyzed with SPSS 10.0 software.Chi-square test and ANOVA were used to evaluate the severity of the patients with CAP by the criteria set in the Guidelines and to correlate it with pneumonia severity index (PSI).Statistical analysis was performed for the difference between length of hospitalization,cost,length of intravenous use of antibiotics,the number of risk factors,and fatality during hospitalization between three groups of patients categorized based on the severity criteria in the Guidelines.Results There existed a good relationship between the criteria for severity of CAP by the Guidelines and PSI,with a Pearson's coefficient of correlation of 0.577,P

Objective To characterize the antibiotic resistance,homology and carbapenemase genotypes of imipenem resistant Acinetobac1ter baumannii isolated from our hospital,and analyze the clonal relatedness of the test strains.Methods Ninety five strains of imipenem resistant A.baumannii were isolated from August 2003 to December 2004 in the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine,Zhejiang University.The MICs of 16 antimicrobial agents against these strains were determined by agar dilution and E-test method.The homology of these isolates was analyzed by pulse-field gel electrophoresis(PFGE).The coding gene of carbapenemases was amplified.PCR products were purified,cloned and sequenced.Plasmid DNA was extracted and purified.Conjugation and Southern blot were performed to locate the position of oxa 23 gene.Results The resistance rates to ampicillin-sulbactam and cefoperazone sulhactam were 67.9% and 30.2%.Polymyxin E had the lowest resistance rate of 17%. The resistance rate to other antimicrobial agents was higher than 90%.The 95 strains,isolated from 10 clinical units,were classified into 6 clones.Clones A and B were predominant clones.All strains produced carbapenemases which were confirmed as OXA 23 by PCR and sequencing analysis.No plasmid was extracted and conjugation was not successful.Southern bolt showed that oxa-23 gene was located on Apal-digested chromosomal segments about 220 kb and 200 kb in Clones A and B,re spectively.Conclusions OXA 23-producing A.baumannii has become one of the most important multi-resistant pathogens in our hospital.Clones A and B have widely spread in our hospital.Oxa-23 gene is located on chromosomal DNA.

Objective To investigate the resistant mechanism of imipenem-resistant K. pneumoniae.Methods The minimal inhibitive concentrations (MICs) of the antimicrobial agents were determined by Etest.Isoelectric focusing electrophoresis (IEF),plasmid extraction,conjugation, transformation,PCR amplification,cloning and sequencing were carried out for analyzing the encoding gene of ?-1actamases.Results Three kinds of ?-1actamases were detected with pIs of 7.2,6.7,and 5.4.in a clinical strain of K.pneumoniae.These ?-1actamases were TEM-I (pI,5.4),SHV-12 (pI,8.2) and KPC-2 ( pI,6.7 ) confirmed by sequencing of the PCR products.Only one band of ?-1actamase with pI 6.7 was displayed in the transformant.A 1500 bp segment,which contained the KPC-2 gene confirmed by nucleotide sequence analysis,was cloned from a 60 000 bp plasmid of the transformant.Conclusion The strain of K.pneumoniae resistant to imipenem produces a plasmid-mediated carbapenemase KPC-2 which belongs to Bush group 2f,class A ?-1actamase.

Objective To observe the effects of high fat diet on ulcerative colitis(UC)and atypical hyperplasia in different periods induced by azoxymethane(AOM)/dextran sodium sulfate(DSS)and the changes of interleukin-6(IL-6)level in blood. Methods The mice in DSS,DSS+AOM,DSS+high fat diet,and DSS+AOM+high fat diet groups were given DSS for 3 days and sterilization water for 4 days as one cycle for 9 cycles, and the mice in normal control group were given sterilization water(n=12 in each group). The mice in DSS+AOM and DSS+AOM+high fat diet groups received intraperitoneal injection of AOM(10 mg/kg)in the every first day of the first 3 cycles. The mice in each group were sacrificed at different time points,and the disease activity index and pathohistological index were used to determine the degree of inflammation. ELISA method was used for the detection of serum IL-6 level. Results Simple administration of DSS could induce UC in the mouse model. After 9 circles of treatment,atypical hyperplasia was not found in normal control and DSS groups,and the rate of atypical hyperplasia was 25%(1/4)in DSS+high fat diet group,50%(2/4)in DSS+AOM group,and 75%(3/4)in DSS+AOM+high fat diet group. However,there were no significant differences in the rate of atypical hyperplasia between DSS and DSS+AOM groups ,DSS+high fat diet and DSS+AOM+high fat diet groups ,DSS and DSS+high fat diet groups,and DSS+AOM and DSS+AOM+high fat diet groups(all P>0.05). The histopathological score and the disease activity index in DSS+high fat diet and DSS+AOM+high fat diet groups were higher than those in DSS and DSS+AOM groups(P<0.05). The IL-6 level in DSS+high fat diet and DSS+AOM+high fat diet groups was higher than that in DSS and DSS+AOM groups ,but the difference was not statistically signifi-cant(P>0.05). Conclusion High fat diet may be one of the stimulating factors of UC and atypical hyperplasia.

Objective To determine the effect of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) on endothelia cell (EC) proliferation in vitro,TNP-470 and dexamethasone (Dex) and explore the possible mechanisms of FGF stimulating EC proliferation. Methods Cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) was divided into two groups: control group (Group DMEM) and experimental groups (Group FGF,Group Dex,Group TNP-470,Group FGF+Dex,Group FGF+TNP-470). The EC proliferation was quantified by a colorimetric assay using MTT reagent,the relative cell numbers at every time point of EC cycle analyzed with flow cytometer,and the expression of nuclear factor-kappa B p65 (NF-?B p65) and ki-67 detected with immunohistochemical method of SABC. Results FGF stimulated significantly EC proliferation,raised proliferation index (PI) and enhanced the expressions of NF-?B p65 and ki-67 in nuclear. TNP-470 reduced PI and TNP-470 and Dex suppressed EC proliferation and finally decreased the expressions of NF-?B p65 and ki-67 in nuclear. FGF could facilitate the inhibitory effect of TNP-470 and Dex. Conclusions The possible mechanism of EC proliferation stimulated by FGF is that FGF can activate NF-?B to promote the synthesis of DNA and EC mitosis. TNP-470 and Dex suppress proliferation and differentiation of EC but FGF may reverse such suppressive effect.

Objective To assessed the expression of inducible costimulator(ICOS)on peripheral blood and joint fluid CD4,CDS,CD45RO T cells and B cells in rheumatoid arthritis(RA).Methods Expression of ICOS and ICOS/CD45RO on peripheral blood and joint fluid CD4~+CD8~+T cells and ICOS ligand(ICOSL)on CD19 B cells from RA patients and healthy volunteers were determind by three-color flow cytometry.Compar- ision with active and inactive RA,initial and relapsed RA had been done.Results Joint fluid CD4 and CD8 T cells expressing ICOS,ICOS/CD45RO were significantly increased than peripheral blood in RA patients and healthy subjects.Joint fluid B cells expressing ICOSL were significantly reduced than peripheral blood in RA patients.Meanwhile,peripheral blood B cells expressing ICOSL were significantly reduced in active RA than inactive RA patients.Conclusion Hyperexpression of ICOS and ICOS/CD45RO on joint fluid CD4 and CD8 T cells and lowexpression of ICOSL in B cells from RA patients,expecially in active RA may contribute to the local immunopathological roles and joint destructions in the pathogenesis of RA.

Objective To observe the dynamic change of plasma fibrinogen (Fbg) and D-dimer within 48 h in blood samples from the patients with simple severe head injury, and explore the correlation of plasma Fbg and D-dimer levels with the patient's prognosis. Methods In 33 patients with simplese vere head injury, we obtained the blood samples from the artery (A), vein (V) and jugular vein (JV) at different time points (post injury 4, 8, 16, 24, 36 and 48 h) and detected the plasma Fbg and D-dimer levels, respectively. The data were statistically analyzed by SPSS ! 1.5. Results Plasma Fbg was higher than the normal value at 4 h after head injury, and then it was decreased obviously and lower than the normal value at 16 h, and since 24 h it was increased to the normal value. The rising of Fbg was slower in jugular vein than in artery and peripheral vein after 24 h (P<0.05). D-dimer was increased at 4 h after injury, and gradually decreased with the time going on, but the level retained over the normal value until 48 h. In the comparison between the patients with bad prognosis and the ones with satisfactory prognosis, the means of plasma Fbg and D-dimer had significant difference at the same time point (P< 0.05). Conclusions Head injury can result in coagulation disorder, which presents Fbg consumption and decrease and its degradation product D-dimer increase obviously. The changes indicate hypercoagulahale state and secondary hyperfibrinolysis after head trauma. The coagulopathy can be an indicator for judging the severity and prognosis of head injury.

·AIM: To investigate the effect of sodium hyaluronate eye drops on ocular inflammatory response and dry eye after phacoemulsification combined with intraocular lenses (IOL) implantation for age-related cataract. ·METHODS: The clinical data of age-related cataract patients treated with phacoemulsification combined with IOL implantation in 200 cases (200 eyes) of our hospital from June 2016 to July 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the different postoperative application of eye drops they were divided into observation group and control group (100 cases each). The observation group was given sodium hyaluronate eye drops and the control group was given tobramycin dexamethasone eye drops. The results of BUT,FL,proteins concentration in aqueous and ocular surface disease index (OSDI) score were compared before and at the first day,the seventh day and the fourteenth day after the operation. And the incidence of conjunctival hyperemia and ciliary hyperemia was compared between 1d after surgery and 14d after surgery. ·RESULTS: There was no significant difference in OSDI scores between the two groups before and at 1d after surgery (P>0.05). The OSDI score of the two groups was higher than that before the operation on the first, the seventh and the fourteenth day after surgery (P<0.05). The OSDI score of the two groups decreased gradually after reaching the highest level on the first day after surgery (P<0.05). The OSDI scores of the observation group on the 7 and 14d after surgery were lower than those in the control group (P<0. 05). There was no significant difference in the BUT between the two groups before and at 1d after surgery (P>0.05). The levels of BUT in the two groups were lower than those before operation on the first,the seventh and the fourteenth day after surgery (P < 0. 05). BUT levels in both groups increased gradually after reaching the lowest level on the first day (P<0.05), the levels of BUT in the observation group were higher than those in the control group on the 7 and 14d after operation (P< 0. 05). There was no significant difference in FL level between the two groups before and the first day after operation (P>0.05). The levels of FL in the two groups were different from those before operation (P<0.05) on the first, the seventh and the fourteenth day after operation (P<0.05). FL levels in the two groups decreased gradually after reaching the highest level on the first day after surgery (P<0.05), the levels of FL in the observation group on the 7th day and the 14th day after operation were lower than those in the control group (P < 0. 05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of conjunctival hyperemia and ciliary congestion between the two groups on the first day after operation (P>0.05); the incidence of conjunctival hyperemia and ciliary hyperemia in the two groups on the fourteenth day after surgery was lower than that on the first day after surgery (P<0.05). However, the incidence of conjunctival hyperemia and ciliary congestion on the fourteenth day after operation was significantly lower in the control group than in the observation group (P<0.05). Postoperatively 1,7,14d, aqueous humor protein concentration in the two groups of patients compared with preoperative had difference (P< 0. 05), and two groups of patients with aqueous humor at postoperatively 1d after reaching the highest protein concentration decreased ( P < 0. 05 ), aqueous humor protein concentrations of the control group 7,14d after operation were lower than the observation group (P<0.05). ·CONCLUSION: The effect of sodium hyaluronate eye drops on improving dry eye after age-related cataract phacoemulsification combined with IOL implantation is greater than that of tobramycin dexamethasone eye drops, but it is less effective for eye inflammation than tobramycin dexamethasone eye drops.After comprehensive consideration, for the patients with light inflammation, small incision phacoemulsification combined with IOL implant, sodium hyaluronate eye drops is a good selection.

Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Chronic Disease ; Daunorubicin ; adverse effects ; Disease Models, Animal ; Heart Failure ; chemically induced ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley