The chemical investigation on Ganoderma philippii led to the isolation of sixteen compounds by silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. On the basis of spectroscopic data analyses, their structures were elucidated as 2, 5-dihydroxyacetophenone (1), methyl gentisate (2), (S) -dimethyl malate (3), muurola-4, 10 (14) -dien-11beta-ol (4), dihydroepicubenol (5), 5-hydroxymethylfuran carboxaldehyde (6), ergosta-7, 22E-dien-3beta-ol (7), ergosta-7, 22E-dien-3-one (8), ergosta-7, 22E-diene-2beta, 3alpha, 9alpha-triol (9), 6/beta-methoxyergo-sta-7, 22E-dien-3beta, 5alpha-diol (10), ergosta-4, 6, 8(14), 22E-tetraen-3-one (11), ergosta4, 6, 8-(14), 22E-etetraen-3beta-ol (12), 5alpha, 8alpha-epidioxy-ergosta-6, 22E-dien-3beta-ol (13), 7alpha-methoxy-5alpha, 6alpha-epoxyergosta-8-(14), 22E-dien-3beta-ol (14), ergosta-8, 22E-diene-3beta, 5alpha, 6beta, 7alpha-tetraol (15), and ergosta-5, 23-dien-3beta-ol, acetate (16). All the compounds were obtained from this fungus for the first time, and compounds 4 and 5 were isolated from the Ganoderma genus for the first time.
Ganoderma ; chemistry ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Organic Chemicals ; analysis ; isolation & purification

Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) is a member of genetically conserved heat shock protein family. As an important molecular chaperone in eukaryotic cells, HSP90 plays a key regulatory role in maintaining cellular protein homeostasis. HSP90 clients encompass a wide range of proteins, thus HSP90 is involved in diverse biological process. With the deeper study, it is found that HSP90 takes an important part in the development and metastasis of cancer,and has become a promising target for the study of anticancer biology. We review the progress of HSP90 as molecular chaperone and its relationship with cancer.

Objective To study the mlationship between dietary soy isoflavones and blood lipids among residents of 40-65 years old,in Guangzhou.Methods Dietary soy isoflavones and other nutrients intakes were assessed with quantitative food frequency questionnaire(FFQ).Total cholesterol(TC),triglycerides(TG),HDL cholesterol(HDL-C)and LDL cholesterol(LDL-C)in plasma were measured with colorimetry.Results Ranges of dietary soy isoflavones intake among 134 males and 261 females were fxom 0 mg/day to 61.96 mg/day and 0 mg/day to 82.52 mg/day,with means of 11.95 mg/day,14.90 mg/day,respectively.After adjusted for total energy intake and fat percent energy,difiefences of TC,LDL-C in total population and TC in women were statistically significant between groups(P value was 0.002,0.008,0.004,respectively) and dose-effect relationships(P value was <0.001.0.012.0.001,respectively)were observed between dietary soy isoflavones intake and the upper mentioned three indices.Compared with the low-intake group,tbese three indices lowered 7.06%,10.13%and 7.48%,respectively in high-intake group.Critical significance of LDL-C was observed both in women and men between groups.Further controlled for age,BMI and WHR,no obvious change of the results was observed.Conclusion Moderate intakes of soy isoflavone as part of a regular diet seemed to be associated with favorable blood lipid levels.

OBJECTIVETo explore the better treatment for the third lumbar transverse process syndrome.

METHODSNinety cases were randomly divided into an acupotomy group, a blood pricking group and a combined therapy group, thirty cases in each group. In acupotomy group, three points such as the third lumbar transverse process point were released with acupotomy, and then Tuina was applied. In blood pricking group, blood pricking therapy was applied at Qihaishu (BL 24) or Weizhong (BL 40). In combined therapy group, both of releasing with acupotomy and blood pricking were applied. The therapeutic effects of three groups were evaluated by of simplified Chinese version of the Oswestry Disability Index (SCODI) and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) before, immediately after treatment and 1 week after treatment.

RESULTSAfter treatment, compared with scores sofore treatment, VAS scores were all reduced (both P < 0.05), and it in combined therapy group was lower than those in other groups (both P < 0.05); SCODI scores showed no significant differences in groups (both P > 0.05) except in combined therapy group (P<0. 05). One week after treatment, compared with scores immediately after treatment, SCODI scores and VAS scores were reduced in each group (all P < 0.05), and the scores in combined therapy group were lower than those in other two groups (both P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONReleasing with acupotomy and blood pricking are the effective therapies for the third lumbar transverse process syndrome, can remarkably relieve the pain and improve movement function of lumbus, and the therapeutic effect is more obvious.

Acupuncture Therapy ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Bloodletting ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; physiopathology ; Middle Aged ; Pain Measurement ; Spinal Diseases ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo study the chemical constituents from Daphne acutiloba.

METHODThe constituents were separated by column chromatography, and their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic data analyses.

RESULTFifteen compounds were isolated from the EtOAc extract and identified as wikstroelide M (1), vesiculosin (2), prostratin (3), 7-hydroxy-coumarin (4), 7,8-di-hydroxy-coumarin (5), isodaphnoside (6), daphnorine (7), rutamontine (8), daphnolin (9), daphneticin (10), (+)-pinoresinol-beta-D-glucoside (11), oleodapnone (12), oleodaphnal (13), ergosterol peroxide (14) and cholest-5-en-3beta-ol (15).

CONCLUSIONAll the compounds except for 4, 5 and 14 were obtained from the stems of this plant for the first time.

Coumarins ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Daphne ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Furans ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Lignans ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Mass Spectrometry

Objective To explore the condition of various types of anti-biotic resistance of enterococcus isolated in clinical.Methods Agar dilu-tion method and K-B paper diffusion method had been used to test the drug susceptibility of minimum inhibitory concentration ( MIC ) of entero-coccus isolated in clinical and to measure its minimum antibacterial depth.Results A total of 666 strains of enterococcus faecalis were isola-ted from a variety of clinical specimens, and 28 strains were linezolid re-sistance.Among these 28 linezolid resistance strains, the drug resist-ances to quinupristin, tetracyclinet, erythromycin and ciprofloxacin were 100%, 85.7%, 78.6%and 50.0%, respectively.All strains were sen-sitive to amoxicillin, 1 strains were resistant to vancomycin, 17 strains (60.7%) were intermediary resistance to vancomycin, high-level re-sistance to gentamicin was 3.6%.Conclusion Enterococcus faecalis had appeared resistance to linezolid, but the combination of aminoglyco-side and penicillins still has antibacterial activity in vitro to linezolid re-sistant enterococcus faecalis.

Background/Aims: To investigate an effect of ML204 (an inhibitor of transient receptor potential canonical 4 and 5 [TRPC4/5] channels) on interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) and therefore determine whether TRPC4/5 channels act on ICC-generated pacemaker activity. Methods: We enforced whole cell patch clamp analysis, measurements of the intracellular Ca2+ concentration, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction to determine the effect of ML204 (10 μM) or englerin A (a selective activator of TRPC4/5 channeles, 10 μM) and the existence of TRPC4/5 in mouse small intestinal ICC. Results: Treatment of ICCs with ML204 or englerin A caused the membrane potentials to depolarize. This depolarization effect of membrane potentials by ML204 in ICCs was observed to be concentration-dependent. After treating Ca 2+ - and Na + -free solutions or flufenamic acid (a non-selective cation channel blocker), the pacemaker potentials in the ICCs were abolished. A specific anoctamin 1 channel blocker did not have any effect on the pacemaker activity in ML204-untreated control cells; however, they blocked ML204-induced pacemaker activity in ICCs. Specific primers designed against TRPC4 and TRPC5 detected the presence of TRPC4/5 in small intestinal ICCs, and the application of ML204 increased raise the frequency of Ca2+ oscillations in ICCs, as assessed using Fluo-4 AM. Conclusion The results implied that ML204 could not inhibit the pacemaker activity but depolarized the membrane potential of ICCs by regulating intracellular Ca2+oscillations and anoctamin 1 channels.

BACKGROUNDTubulointerstitial renal fibrosis is the common end point of progressive kidney diseases, and tubular epithelial-myofibroblast transdifferentiation (TEMT) plays a key role in the progress of tubulointerstitial renal fibrosis. Anaphylatoxin C3a and C5a are identified as novel profibrotic factors in renal disease and as potential new therapeutic targets. The aim of this study was to investigate whether C3a, C5a can regulate TEMT by transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β)/connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) signaling pathway and the effects of C3a and C5a receptor antagonists (C3aRA and C5aRA) on C3a- and C5a-induced TEMT.

METHODSHK-2 cells were divided into C3a and C5a groups which were subdivided into four subgroups: control group, 10 ng/ml TGF-β1 group, 50 nmol/L C3a group, 50 nmol/L C3a plus 1 µmol/L C3aRA group; control group, 10 ng/ml TGF-β1 group, 50 nmol/L C5a group, 50 nmol/L C5a plus 2.5 µmol/L C5aRA group. TGF-β1 receptor antagonist (TGF-β1RA) 10 µg/ml was used to investigate the mechanism of C3a- and C5a-induced TEMT. Electron microscopy was used to observe the morphological changes. Immunocytochemistry staining, real-time PCR and Western blotting were used to detect the expressions of a smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), E-cadherin, Col-I, C3a receptor (C3aR), C5aR, CTGF and TGF-β1.

RESULTSHK-2 cells cultured with C3a and C5a for 72 hours exhibited strong staining of α-SMA, lost the positive staining of E-cadherin, and showed a slightly spindle-like shape and loss of microvilli on the cell surface. The expressions of α-SMA, E-cadherin, Col-I, C3aR, C5aR, TGF-β1 and CTGF in C3a- and C5a-treated groups were higher than normal control group (P < 0.05). C3aRA and C5aRA inhibited the expressions of α-SMA, Col-I, C3aR, C5aR, and up-regulated the expression of E-cadherin (P < 0.05). TGF-β1 and CTGF mRNA expressions induced by C3a and C5a were partly blocked by TGF-β1RA (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONC3a and C5a can induce TEMT via the up-regulations of C3aR and C5aR mRNA and the activation of TGF-β1/CTGF signaling pathway in vitro.

Blotting, Western ; Cadherins ; genetics ; Cell Line ; Cell Transdifferentiation ; drug effects ; Complement C3a ; pharmacology ; Complement C5a ; pharmacology ; Epithelial Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; ultrastructure ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Myofibroblasts ; cytology ; drug effects ; ultrastructure ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction

OBJECTIVETo detect the effect of erigeron breviscapus on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the periodontal tissues during orthodontic tooth movement.

METHODS45 rabbits were divided into 3 groups (groups A, B and C). Groups A and B included experimental group of 1, 3, 7 and 14 days respectively. The mandibular first molar of each experimental rabbit was observed. The rabbits of group A and group B received iontophoresis with erigeron breviscapus into the right (group A-R and group B-R) and with normal sodium into the left as the control (group A-L and group B-L). Additionally, the rabbits of group B were designed orthodontic appliance, by which 0.78 N mesial force was applied to pull the mandibular first molars. Group C, group of 0 day, was no iontophoresis and orthodontic appliance as the control. After killed on schedule, the amount of experimental tooth movement was measured and the expression of VEGF was examined by immunohistochemical method.

RESULTSThe amount of experimental tooth movement increased successively from 1 to 14 days. The differences among days 3, 7 and 14 were significant in the comparison between group B-R and group B -L (P < 0.01). The expression of VEGF in groups A-R and B-L enhanced apparently compared with that in groups C and A-L (P < 0.01), but that in group B-R was the most apparent (P < 0.01). The expression of VEGF reached the peak level on day 3 in groups A-R and B-R (P < 0.01), but it reached the peak level on day 7 in group B-L (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONErigeron breviscapus by iontophoresis can accelerate orthodontic tooth movement, and can meanwhile up-regulate the expression of VEGF in periodontium in the earlier period of orthodontic tooth movement. Thus it can be presumed that one of its mechanisms for erigeron breviscapus to accelerate orthodontic tooth movement is erigeron breviscapus effects the metabolism and differentiation of osteoblast and osteoclast through up-regulating the expression of VEGF in periodontium.

Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Erigeron ; Molar ; Orthodontic Appliances ; Osteoblasts ; Osteoclasts ; Periodontal Ligament ; Periodontium ; Rabbits ; Stress, Mechanical ; Tooth Movement Techniques ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A

Aim of this study was to explore the effects of cryopreservation on biological characteristics of wharton's jelly derived mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSC), and to provide experimental evidence for clinical applications and the establishment of WJ-MSC bank. Primary WJ-MSC were produced by umbilical cord tissue culture in vitro. Fifth passage of WJ-MSC acquired by continuous cell culture were mixed with cryoprotectants, frozen in -80°C refrigerator and stored in liquid nitrogen. After the cryopreserved WJ-MSC were thawed, the first passage of WJ-MSC was obtained through cell culture and was taken as the 1st preserved passage (PP1). Thus, PP2-PP15 WJ-MSC were obtained by continuous cell subculture. The 1st control passage (CP1) to 15th passage (CP15) represented the 6th passage to 21st passage WJ-MSC acquired by subculturing in non-cryopreserved group. The biological characteristics of WJ-MSC from cryopreserved and control group, including the recovery rate of nucleated cells, trypan blue exclusion, CCK-8 activity, cell apoptosis, cell adherence, proliferation index, cell surface antigen, cell cycle and the capacities of induced differentiation into adipocyte, osteoblast and neuron, were detected and compared. The results indicated that the recovery rate of nucleated cells of cryopreserved WJ-MSC was 98.2%, trypan blue exclusion rate was 94.3%, CCK-8 activity was 91.4%, apoptotic rate was 3.9%, and the adherence rate was 92.6%. There was a statistically significant difference in proliferation index between PP1 and CP1 (P < 0.05), but there were no statistically significant differences between PP2-PP15 and their corresponding controls. The subculture cells highly expressed CD29, CD44, CD71, CD73, CD90, CD105, CD166 and HLA-ABC, and lowly expressed CD34, CD45 and HLA-DR. The expressions of above-mentioned surface antigens were not different statistically between two groups. The proliferation latency and logarithm proliferation of the subculture cells between two groups were also not different. After induced differentiation into adipocyte, osteoblast and neuron, the staining with oil red O, alkaline phosphatase and neuron-specific enolase was performed respectively, and the positive degrees were not clearly different macroscopically between two groups. Relatively high levels of triglyceride, alkaline phosphatase, and neuron-specific enolase in relevant cells could be detected, but had no significant differences between two groups. It is concluded that some WJ-MSC (< 10%) are damaged after cryopreservation, and the biological characteristics of WJ-MSC in cryopreservation group keep constant, as compared with that in non-cryopreservation group.
Cell Differentiation ; Cell Survival ; Cryopreservation ; methods ; Humans ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; cytology ; Sincalide ; metabolism ; Umbilical Cord ; cytology ; metabolism ; Wharton Jelly ; cytology