The chemical investigation on Ganoderma philippii led to the isolation of sixteen compounds by silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. On the basis of spectroscopic data analyses, their structures were elucidated as 2, 5-dihydroxyacetophenone (1), methyl gentisate (2), (S) -dimethyl malate (3), muurola-4, 10 (14) -dien-11beta-ol (4), dihydroepicubenol (5), 5-hydroxymethylfuran carboxaldehyde (6), ergosta-7, 22E-dien-3beta-ol (7), ergosta-7, 22E-dien-3-one (8), ergosta-7, 22E-diene-2beta, 3alpha, 9alpha-triol (9), 6/beta-methoxyergo-sta-7, 22E-dien-3beta, 5alpha-diol (10), ergosta-4, 6, 8(14), 22E-tetraen-3-one (11), ergosta4, 6, 8-(14), 22E-etetraen-3beta-ol (12), 5alpha, 8alpha-epidioxy-ergosta-6, 22E-dien-3beta-ol (13), 7alpha-methoxy-5alpha, 6alpha-epoxyergosta-8-(14), 22E-dien-3beta-ol (14), ergosta-8, 22E-diene-3beta, 5alpha, 6beta, 7alpha-tetraol (15), and ergosta-5, 23-dien-3beta-ol, acetate (16). All the compounds were obtained from this fungus for the first time, and compounds 4 and 5 were isolated from the Ganoderma genus for the first time.
Ganoderma ; chemistry ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Organic Chemicals ; analysis ; isolation & purification

OBJECTIVETo explore the better treatment for the third lumbar transverse process syndrome.

METHODSNinety cases were randomly divided into an acupotomy group, a blood pricking group and a combined therapy group, thirty cases in each group. In acupotomy group, three points such as the third lumbar transverse process point were released with acupotomy, and then Tuina was applied. In blood pricking group, blood pricking therapy was applied at Qihaishu (BL 24) or Weizhong (BL 40). In combined therapy group, both of releasing with acupotomy and blood pricking were applied. The therapeutic effects of three groups were evaluated by of simplified Chinese version of the Oswestry Disability Index (SCODI) and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) before, immediately after treatment and 1 week after treatment.

RESULTSAfter treatment, compared with scores sofore treatment, VAS scores were all reduced (both P < 0.05), and it in combined therapy group was lower than those in other groups (both P < 0.05); SCODI scores showed no significant differences in groups (both P > 0.05) except in combined therapy group (P<0. 05). One week after treatment, compared with scores immediately after treatment, SCODI scores and VAS scores were reduced in each group (all P < 0.05), and the scores in combined therapy group were lower than those in other two groups (both P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONReleasing with acupotomy and blood pricking are the effective therapies for the third lumbar transverse process syndrome, can remarkably relieve the pain and improve movement function of lumbus, and the therapeutic effect is more obvious.

Acupuncture Therapy ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Bloodletting ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; physiopathology ; Middle Aged ; Pain Measurement ; Spinal Diseases ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo study the chemical constituents from Daphne acutiloba.

METHODThe constituents were separated by column chromatography, and their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic data analyses.

RESULTFifteen compounds were isolated from the EtOAc extract and identified as wikstroelide M (1), vesiculosin (2), prostratin (3), 7-hydroxy-coumarin (4), 7,8-di-hydroxy-coumarin (5), isodaphnoside (6), daphnorine (7), rutamontine (8), daphnolin (9), daphneticin (10), (+)-pinoresinol-beta-D-glucoside (11), oleodapnone (12), oleodaphnal (13), ergosterol peroxide (14) and cholest-5-en-3beta-ol (15).

CONCLUSIONAll the compounds except for 4, 5 and 14 were obtained from the stems of this plant for the first time.

Coumarins ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Daphne ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Furans ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Lignans ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Mass Spectrometry

Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) is a member of genetically conserved heat shock protein family. As an important molecular chaperone in eukaryotic cells, HSP90 plays a key regulatory role in maintaining cellular protein homeostasis. HSP90 clients encompass a wide range of proteins, thus HSP90 is involved in diverse biological process. With the deeper study, it is found that HSP90 takes an important part in the development and metastasis of cancer,and has become a promising target for the study of anticancer biology. We review the progress of HSP90 as molecular chaperone and its relationship with cancer.

Objective To study the mlationship between dietary soy isoflavones and blood lipids among residents of 40-65 years old,in Guangzhou.Methods Dietary soy isoflavones and other nutrients intakes were assessed with quantitative food frequency questionnaire(FFQ).Total cholesterol(TC),triglycerides(TG),HDL cholesterol(HDL-C)and LDL cholesterol(LDL-C)in plasma were measured with colorimetry.Results Ranges of dietary soy isoflavones intake among 134 males and 261 females were fxom 0 mg/day to 61.96 mg/day and 0 mg/day to 82.52 mg/day,with means of 11.95 mg/day,14.90 mg/day,respectively.After adjusted for total energy intake and fat percent energy,difiefences of TC,LDL-C in total population and TC in women were statistically significant between groups(P value was 0.002,0.008,0.004,respectively) and dose-effect relationships(P value was <0.001.0.012.0.001,respectively)were observed between dietary soy isoflavones intake and the upper mentioned three indices.Compared with the low-intake group,tbese three indices lowered 7.06%,10.13%and 7.48%,respectively in high-intake group.Critical significance of LDL-C was observed both in women and men between groups.Further controlled for age,BMI and WHR,no obvious change of the results was observed.Conclusion Moderate intakes of soy isoflavone as part of a regular diet seemed to be associated with favorable blood lipid levels.

Background/Aims: To investigate an effect of ML204 (an inhibitor of transient receptor potential canonical 4 and 5 [TRPC4/5] channels) on interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) and therefore determine whether TRPC4/5 channels act on ICC-generated pacemaker activity. Methods: We enforced whole cell patch clamp analysis, measurements of the intracellular Ca2+ concentration, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction to determine the effect of ML204 (10 μM) or englerin A (a selective activator of TRPC4/5 channeles, 10 μM) and the existence of TRPC4/5 in mouse small intestinal ICC. Results: Treatment of ICCs with ML204 or englerin A caused the membrane potentials to depolarize. This depolarization effect of membrane potentials by ML204 in ICCs was observed to be concentration-dependent. After treating Ca 2+ - and Na + -free solutions or flufenamic acid (a non-selective cation channel blocker), the pacemaker potentials in the ICCs were abolished. A specific anoctamin 1 channel blocker did not have any effect on the pacemaker activity in ML204-untreated control cells; however, they blocked ML204-induced pacemaker activity in ICCs. Specific primers designed against TRPC4 and TRPC5 detected the presence of TRPC4/5 in small intestinal ICCs, and the application of ML204 increased raise the frequency of Ca2+ oscillations in ICCs, as assessed using Fluo-4 AM. Conclusion The results implied that ML204 could not inhibit the pacemaker activity but depolarized the membrane potential of ICCs by regulating intracellular Ca2+oscillations and anoctamin 1 channels.

OBJECTIVETo detect the effect of erigeron breviscapus on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the periodontal tissues during orthodontic tooth movement.

METHODS45 rabbits were divided into 3 groups (groups A, B and C). Groups A and B included experimental group of 1, 3, 7 and 14 days respectively. The mandibular first molar of each experimental rabbit was observed. The rabbits of group A and group B received iontophoresis with erigeron breviscapus into the right (group A-R and group B-R) and with normal sodium into the left as the control (group A-L and group B-L). Additionally, the rabbits of group B were designed orthodontic appliance, by which 0.78 N mesial force was applied to pull the mandibular first molars. Group C, group of 0 day, was no iontophoresis and orthodontic appliance as the control. After killed on schedule, the amount of experimental tooth movement was measured and the expression of VEGF was examined by immunohistochemical method.

RESULTSThe amount of experimental tooth movement increased successively from 1 to 14 days. The differences among days 3, 7 and 14 were significant in the comparison between group B-R and group B -L (P < 0.01). The expression of VEGF in groups A-R and B-L enhanced apparently compared with that in groups C and A-L (P < 0.01), but that in group B-R was the most apparent (P < 0.01). The expression of VEGF reached the peak level on day 3 in groups A-R and B-R (P < 0.01), but it reached the peak level on day 7 in group B-L (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONErigeron breviscapus by iontophoresis can accelerate orthodontic tooth movement, and can meanwhile up-regulate the expression of VEGF in periodontium in the earlier period of orthodontic tooth movement. Thus it can be presumed that one of its mechanisms for erigeron breviscapus to accelerate orthodontic tooth movement is erigeron breviscapus effects the metabolism and differentiation of osteoblast and osteoclast through up-regulating the expression of VEGF in periodontium.

Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Erigeron ; Molar ; Orthodontic Appliances ; Osteoblasts ; Osteoclasts ; Periodontal Ligament ; Periodontium ; Rabbits ; Stress, Mechanical ; Tooth Movement Techniques ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A

BACKGROUNDTubulointerstitial renal fibrosis is the common end point of progressive kidney diseases, and tubular epithelial-myofibroblast transdifferentiation (TEMT) plays a key role in the progress of tubulointerstitial renal fibrosis. Anaphylatoxin C3a and C5a are identified as novel profibrotic factors in renal disease and as potential new therapeutic targets. The aim of this study was to investigate whether C3a, C5a can regulate TEMT by transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β)/connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) signaling pathway and the effects of C3a and C5a receptor antagonists (C3aRA and C5aRA) on C3a- and C5a-induced TEMT.

METHODSHK-2 cells were divided into C3a and C5a groups which were subdivided into four subgroups: control group, 10 ng/ml TGF-β1 group, 50 nmol/L C3a group, 50 nmol/L C3a plus 1 µmol/L C3aRA group; control group, 10 ng/ml TGF-β1 group, 50 nmol/L C5a group, 50 nmol/L C5a plus 2.5 µmol/L C5aRA group. TGF-β1 receptor antagonist (TGF-β1RA) 10 µg/ml was used to investigate the mechanism of C3a- and C5a-induced TEMT. Electron microscopy was used to observe the morphological changes. Immunocytochemistry staining, real-time PCR and Western blotting were used to detect the expressions of a smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), E-cadherin, Col-I, C3a receptor (C3aR), C5aR, CTGF and TGF-β1.

RESULTSHK-2 cells cultured with C3a and C5a for 72 hours exhibited strong staining of α-SMA, lost the positive staining of E-cadherin, and showed a slightly spindle-like shape and loss of microvilli on the cell surface. The expressions of α-SMA, E-cadherin, Col-I, C3aR, C5aR, TGF-β1 and CTGF in C3a- and C5a-treated groups were higher than normal control group (P < 0.05). C3aRA and C5aRA inhibited the expressions of α-SMA, Col-I, C3aR, C5aR, and up-regulated the expression of E-cadherin (P < 0.05). TGF-β1 and CTGF mRNA expressions induced by C3a and C5a were partly blocked by TGF-β1RA (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONC3a and C5a can induce TEMT via the up-regulations of C3aR and C5aR mRNA and the activation of TGF-β1/CTGF signaling pathway in vitro.

Blotting, Western ; Cadherins ; genetics ; Cell Line ; Cell Transdifferentiation ; drug effects ; Complement C3a ; pharmacology ; Complement C5a ; pharmacology ; Epithelial Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; ultrastructure ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Myofibroblasts ; cytology ; drug effects ; ultrastructure ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction

OBJECTIVETo evaluate visual inspection with Lugol's iodine (VILI) in cervical cancer screening program and to provide evidence for designing a cervical cancer screening algorithm in high risk areas of existing low-resource settings to reduce the incidence and mortality of cervical cancer.

METHODSWomen in Yangcheng county, Shanxi province were screened with VILI, colposcopy, liquid-based cytology test and human papilloma virus (HPV) DNA test. The efficacy of different screening tests was compared by Youden's index based on the pathology as the gold standard.

RESULTSIn the population being screened, the mean age was 40.80 +/- 10.75 years old. Based on pathological findings, 4.35% (32/735) of the subjects had >or= CIN (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia) II. The sensitivity and specificity for the VILI test (>or= positive) were 53.13 and 82.19, while 56.25 and 79.09 were for colposcopy (>or= low grade dysplasia) respectively. Comparing by the Youden's indexs, there was no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05) between VILI and colposcopy. However, statistical significant difference (P < 0.05) was found between VILI and liquid-based cytology test and HPV DNA test. In addition, there was no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05) found between the experienced doctors and the newly-trained doctors working in the field station.

CONCLUSIONWith low sensitivity when using microscope but low cost of equipments, VILI can be one of the primary screening tests in China's rural area with low-resource settings if the screening frequency is to be increased.

Adult ; Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; China ; epidemiology ; Early Detection of Cancer ; economics ; methods ; Female ; Health Resources ; Humans ; Incidence ; Iodides ; Program Evaluation ; Rural Health ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; epidemiology

OBJECTIVETo study the distribution of serotype and the positive rate of toxins among vibrio cholerae non-O(1) isolated from environmental waters in Foshan city.

METHODSWater specimens were collected from river and cultured for vibrio cholerae non-O(1). The PCR method was used to detect cholerae enterotoxin (CT) gene; the ELISA method was used to detect heat-stable toxin (ST) and heat-labile toxin (LT).

RESULTS478 vibrio cholerae non-O(1) strains were isolated from 1 644 water specimens, with a positive rate of 29.07%. Serological assay showed that the main serotype of vibrio cholerae non-O(1) in Foshan city is VBO(7). Positive rate of CT, ST and LT were 1.91%, 13.14% and 12.17%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONSA few non-O(1) strains were found to have several virulent factors simultaneously, and the results suggest that vibrio cholerae non-O(1) in environmental waters is potentially pathogenic and may affect people's health. It is necessary to pay attention to the prevention of diarrhoea caused by vibrio cholerae.

China ; Enterotoxins ; genetics ; Environmental Monitoring ; methods ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Seasons ; Serotyping ; Vibrio cholerae non-O1 ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Water ; analysis ; Water Microbiology