Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic syndrome characterized by hyperglycemia, and is caused by complex interaction between genetic and environmental factors. Diabetes mellitus can lead to various ocular surface disorders, including dry eye, superficial punctuatekeratitis, corneal epithelial defects, and recurrent corneal erosion et al. This review focuses on the domestic and overseas research progress on dry eye in diabetics.

Internal limiting membrane ( ILM) peeling is commonly used in the operation of idiopathic macular hole ( IMH ) surgery. The success of ILM peeling has been greatly improved with the assistance of vital dyes. Currently, several kinds of vital dyes such as indocyanine green ( ICG ) , brilliant blue G ( BBG ) are applied in the ILM staining. However, all of the vital dyes have potential toxicity and side effects on the retina. In recent years, many kinds of dyes and staining improved emerge in endlessly. This paper reports the progress in the application of different colorants in the operation of IMH.

Objective To investigate the correlation of dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI features with microvessel density (MVD) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).Methods Conventional MR imaging and dynamic contrast-enhanced scan in thirty-three patients with NSCLC confirmed by pathologyn were performed. MVD and VEGF were stained with immuno-histochemical technique in all cases. Some parameters of DCE MRI, including maximum slope(Smax) and time to peak(TTP) were put more analysis. The relationship between the results of DCE MRI (Smax and TTP) and that of immuno-histochemistry (MVD and VEGF) was analysed.Results The Smax of adeno carcinoma was higher than that of squamous cell carcinoma,but TTP was lower. The difference was obvious difference(t=3.22,P

Glioma is the most common form of brain cancer. Despite recent advances in the treatment of solid tumors, there are few effective treatments for malignant gliomas due to its infiltrative nature. It has important significance to improve the treatment of glioma through in-depth understanding the intracerebral metabolic characteristics and pharmacokinetics of chemotherapeutics. Brain microdialysis (B-MD), an effective method to monitor central nervous system anticancer drug disposition, conditions of drugs through the blood-brain barrier, basic pathophysiologic metabolism, bioactive compounds and the changes of neurotransmitter in brain, provides the unique opportunity to allow the simultaneous determination of unbound concentrations of drugs in several tissues, and directly measure gliomas biochemistry continuously. B-MD has been able to monitor the change of brain drugs, metabolites and neurotransmitters, dynamic analysis of the drug concentration and pharmacological effect after administration, pharmacodynamic interaction between drugs, receptor mechanism of drug transport, as well as feedback information of internal environment. B-MD is expected to provide reference for clinical individual chemotherapy of glioma, but also provide powerful tools for the evaluation of new anticancer drugs in vivo. In this review, a comprehensive overview of B-MD for studies on glioma is elucidated with special emphasis on its application to neurochemistry and pharmacokinetic studies.
Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacokinetics ; Blood-Brain Barrier ; Brain Neoplasms ; metabolism ; Glioma ; metabolism ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Metabolomics ; methods ; Microdialysis ; methods ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; pharmacokinetics ; Pharmaceutical Preparations ; metabolism ; Positron-Emission Tomography

Objective To study blood lipids levels of patients with ischemic cerebral vascular disease (ICVD).Methods The blood lipids levels were measured in 2886 subjects with ICVD enrolled from 1991 to 2004,in which 1430 subjects from 2000 to 2004 were classified into a sub-group;400 healthy persons receiving physical examination were enrolled as controls.Results The blood TC,TG and LDL-C levels were significantly higher in the sub-group than those in the control group.Both in males and females, the morbidity of abnormal blood lipid metabolism and blood lipids level gradually increased with the age and the lapse of decades.Total cholesterol level of male younger than fifty,averaging (4.43?0.51) mmol/L, increased to (4.96?0.85) mmol/L after fifty years old.The same thing happened to females,from (4.30?0.49) mmol/L to (5.01?0.90) mmol/L.TG and LDL-C increased in patients older than fifty compared with those younger than fifty.In the groups above 50 years old,the blood lipids levels of females were significantly higher than those of males.The morbidity of abnormal blood lipid metabolism of male increased from 24.5% in (1991 to 1994) to 38.1% (2001 to 2004) and of female from 22.3% (1991 to 1994) to 38.5% (2001 to 2004).Conclusions Abnormal blood lipid in Foshan is one of the most important reasons to ICVD.

Objective To explore the predicative value of transvaginal ultrasonography and 48 hours blood HCG ratio for ectopic pregnancy(EP).Methods A total of 90 patients in our hospital from June 2014 to May 2016 were selected as the object according to the pregnancy result and postoperative pathology (40 cases in EP group and 50 cases in control group).The endometrial thickness was measured through transvaginal ultrasonography while blood HCG was detected by chemiluminescence technique and 48 hours blood HCG ratio was calculated.To evaluate the individual and combined predicative value of endometrial thickness and 48 hours blood HCG ratio for EP,receiver operating characteristic curves(ROC) were generated and logistic regression analysis was conducted.Results The endometriam thickness and 48 h blood HCG ratio of EP group were (11.75 ± 3.42) mm and (1.06 ± 0.38) ％,respectively,which were lower than (15.52 ± 3.98) mm and (1.46 ± 0.20)％ of control group,the differences were statistically significant (P =0.000).The AUCs and their corresponding 95％ confidential intervals(CI) were 0.77[95％ CI(0.67,0.87)] and 0.82[95％ CI(0.73,0.91)],respectively.Combined ROC analysis based on the 2 indexes revealed an elevated AUC of 0.89 [95％ CI(0.83,0.95)],the differences were statistically significant(P =0.04).Conclusion The endometrial thickness and 48 hours blood HCG ratio can be acted as useful predicative biomarkers for detection of EP.A combination of the two indexes could be a useful predicative biomarker for future clinical trials with EP and may act as a suitable add-on biomarker to the panel of methods already existing for EP.

An ancient genome duplication (PPP1) that predates divergence of the cereals has recently been recognized. We report here another potentially older large-scale duplication (PPP2) event that predates monocot-dicot divergence in the genome of rice (Oryza sativa L.), as inferred from the age distribution of pairs of duplicate genes based on recent genome data for rice. Our results suggest that paleopolyploidy was widespread and played an important role in the evolution of rice.
Biological Evolution ; Chromosome Mapping ; methods ; Evolution, Molecular ; Genetic Variation ; genetics ; Genome, Plant ; Oryza ; genetics ; Polyploidy

Objective To describe the MRI features and pathologic findings of biliary cystadenocarcinoma(BCAC)and to assess the diagnostic value of MRI in those tumors.Methods Five cases of BCAC were collected.All cases were proved by pathology.Non-enhanced and multiphase-enhanced MRI were performed in all cases.MRCP were performed in two cases.The MRI features of the five cases were reviewed retrospectively and correlated with pathologic findings.Results Histological evidence demonstrated five cases of BCAC.Four cases were solitary,whereas the other case was multifocal.All cases were solid and cystic lesions.Two cases were unilocular,whereas the other three cases were multilocular. Multiple mural nodules and irregular thickening cystic walls were presented in all cases.The cystic parts of the lesions were homogeneous in signal intensity and showed no enhancement after contrast administration in the five BCAC.Septa were present in three BCAC with multilocular cyst.On MRCP the bile duct dilatation was found in two BCAC.Conclusion MRI can reveal the characteristic findings of BCAC and accurate preoperative diagnosis can be made.

An ancient genome duplication (PPP 1) that predates divergence ofthe cereals has recently been recognihere another potentially older large-scale duplication (PPP2) event that predates monocot-dicot divergence in the genome of rice (Oryza sativa L.), as inferred from the age distribution of pairs of duplicate genes based on recent genome data for rice. Our results suggest that paleopolyploidy was widespread and played an important role in the evolution of rice.

Objective To investigate the clinicopathological features, treatment modalities, and prognostic factors for survival in patients with urinary tract small cell carcinoma (UT-SCC).Methods A total of 25 patients treated from June 2000 to December 2014 were included in the retrospective study.The data included age, gender, primary tumors origins, stage, treatment modalities, progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), pathology and immunohistochemistry.Of these cases, 22 were male, and the other was female, whose age was 45-79 years (mean age 67).20 cases small cell carcinoma of bladder patients and 2 small cell carcinoma of prostate cancer patients were included.The number of small cell carcinoma in pelvis,ureter and retroperitoneal was 1 respectively.The patients with small cell carcinoma of the urinary tract were classified as disease and extensive disease.17 bladder small cell carcinomas were limited disease and 3 cases were extensive disease;Prostate small cell carcinomas were both extensive disease;The small cell carcinomas in pelvis, ureter were limited disease;The small cell carcinoma in retroperitoneal was extensive disease.10 bladder small cell carcinomas which were limited disease received radical cystectomy.6 of 10 patients received etoposide and cisplatnum (EC).4 of 10 patients received gemcitabine and cisplatnum (GC).7 bladder small cell carcinomas patients who with limited disease refused to receive radical cystectomy in which 2 patients received TURBT and 5 patients received TURBT followed chemotherapy.Both prostate small cell carcinomas received chemoradiotherapy.2 small cell carcinomas in upper urinary tract (pelvis and ureter) received radical nephroureterectomy with bladder cuff resection.The patient of retroperitoneal small cell carcinoma received percutaneous nephrostomy after biopsy.The progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of these patients are analyzed;the influence of TURBT with adjuvant chemotherapy and clinicopathologic characteristics were analyzed in median PFS and OS.PFS and OS were compared between groups as a function of time, using a Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis and the log-rank significance test.All statistical tests were two-sided, and P values ＜ 0.05 were considered statistically significant.Results 25 patients with a pathologic confirmation of UT-SCC,either by biopsy or surgery,were finally included.These patients were classified as pure UT-SCC (14) and Mixed UT-SCC (11).Mixed UT-SCC was defined as tumors containing both SCC and non-SCC components,regardless of the proportion of the latter.13 cases were strongly positive and 3 cases were weakly positive in neuron specific enolase (NSE) level.8 cases were strongly positive and 2 cases were weakly positive in CgA level.Patients with limited disease experienced a significant longer PFS and OS compared with extensive disease subjects (PFS 13.2 vs.7.8 x2=13.53 P＜0.01;OS27.2 vs.12.7x2=19.88 P＜0.01).Patients with bladder SCC showed a significantly higher median PFS and OS compared with patients with SCC of other parts of urinary tract (PFS 12.8 vs.8.2 x2 =12.00, P =0.001;OS 26.3 vs.13.2 x2 =14.45,P ＜0.01) .The two different chemotherapy regimens (GC and EC) have no influence on survival (PFS: 16.3 vs.12.5,x2 =3.34, P =0.07;OS 29.5 vs.22.8, x2 =1.66, P =0.198).TURBT followed by adjuvant therapy have no influence on survival (PFS 14.5 vs.12.0 t =1.30 P =0.251;OS 24.5 vs.28.4 t =0.50,P =0.636).Conclusions The primary tumors origins and stage may have influence on survival in patients with UT-SCC.Patients with bladder small cell carcinoma and limited disease experienced a longer survival.