Choosing a suitable textbook is the most important part to ensure the quality of in-ternational students' education. By comparing the advantages and disadvantages of English textbooks, domestic publishing textbooks and institutions self-made teaching materials, and combining with inter-national students' textbooks usage and investigation, we fine problems such as students' lower satisfac-tion of textbooks and better evaluation in original English textbooks than the domestic publishing text-books and college self-made teaching materials, so we advocate that we should select a good textbook, strengthen the construction of teachers and teaching materials, offer special medicine courses, establish an effective network teaching platform and attach importance to students' feedback.

Objective To analyze and evaluate the efficacy of intramedullary interlocking nail in the treatment of long bone fractures.Methods From July 1997 to October 1999,100 cases of long bone fractures were treated intramedullary interlocking nail,including 25 fractures of tibia and fibula at middle site tibia,35 at middle-lower,31 middle femoral,9 middle-lower of femoral.Results The period from 3 to 19 months with an average of 13 months for followed-up.The average fracture healing time was 14 weeks.According to Johnenand-Wruh evaluation method,98 of 100 patients(98%) were excellent osteosythesis,one case was good and only one case was bad.Conclusions The treatment of long bone fractures with intramedullary interlocking nail is a good way.It has high healing rate,and pathologic rigidity of joint movement is fewer.But the method has some limits for operative indication and its special complications also to be explored further.

Objective To investigate the ideal methods for correction of lower eyelid retraction by lateral canthal anchoring.Methods The authors retrospectively reviewed the records of 126 patients(207 eyelids) operated on between June 1999 and 2005 by one senior surgeon.The age of the patients ranged from 28 to 72 years(mean,46 years).Transcanrhal canthopexy was used in 20 patients(33 eyes);The 3 mm tarsal strip procedure was used in 35 patients(57 eyes);Transcanrhal canthopexy combined with Hamra's lower blepharoplasty was used in 26 patients(45 eyes).The tarsal strip procedure combined with Hamra's procedure was used in 45 patients(72 eyes).75 patients(123 eyes) were followed up for 6～12 months.Mean follow-up time was 8 months. Results Of them,125 patients were uniformly satisfied with their cosmetic and functional outcome at last follow-up;one patient had undercorrection of retraction.There were no major complications and only one minor complications(corneal irritation from graft sutures),which resolved in the early follow-up period.Conclusions The lateral canthal anchoring is an effective,aesthetic,and functional treatment for moderate to severe lower eyelid retraction resulting from multiple causes.This procedure is associated with predictable results,a low morbidity rate,and high patient satisfaction.

Objective To investigate the expression level and clinical significance of serum IL-18 and MCP-1 in patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease(COPD).Methods Serum IL-18 and MCP-1 levels were measured in healthy people( control group,30 cases) and in patients with COPD (acute stage group and stable stage group,30 cases in each group).At the same time,the level of serum CRP and forced expiratory volume in one second ( FEV1 ),the forced expiratory volume in one second/forced vital capacity ( FEV1/FVC％ ) were tested in the three groups.The variation.of the level of serum IL-18 and MCP-1 and the correlation between these index with lung function and CRP were analyzed.Results The levels of serum IL-18 and MCP-1 in acute stage group ( IL-18 [ 69.29 ± 16.14 ] ng/L,MCP-1 [ 123.95 ± 32.06 ] ng/L) were significantly higher than those in stable stage group ( IL-18 [ 53.15 ± 14.74 ] ng/L,MCP-1 [ 96.46 ± 18.24 ] ng/L) ( F =10.975,P ＜0.01 ),and also significantly higher than those in control group ( IL-18 [ 37.53 ± 14.55 ] ng/L,MCP-1 [60.86 ± 17.26] ng/L) ( F =18.101,P ＜ 0.01 ).In acute stage group,positive correlations were obtained among the level of serum IL-18,MCP-1 and CRP ( r =0.688,P ＜ 0.05 ; r =0.663,P ＜ 0.05 ; r =0.825,P ＜0.01 ),and they were correlated negatively with FEV1 and FEV1/FVC％ ( r =- 0.732,P ＜ 0.01 ;r =- 0.586,P ＜0.05 ).In stable stage group,the level of serum MCP-1 was correlated positively with the level of IL-18( r =0.674,P ＜ 0.05 ) and with the level of CRP ( r =0.719,P ＜ 0.05 ),but it was correlated negatively with FEV1 and FEV1/FVC％ ( r =-0.512,P ＜ 0.05 ;r =-0.557,P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusion The serum IL-18 and MCP-1may be one of the inflammation markers in patients with COPD and may be associated with airway inflammation and limited airflow.

Aconitum ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Kidney Diseases ; drug therapy ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Rhizome

To study cardiac function in an ovine model of chronic heart failure in relation to cardiac collagen and its phenotype, 11 sheep were developed into chronic heart failure by sequential microembolisation. Cardiac collagen contents and phenotypes were determined after hemodynamic evaluation at 6 months. The results showed that collagen contents and type Ⅰ /type Ⅲ collagen ratio in the left ventricle were increased significantly in heart failure group as compared with those in the normal group. Collagen concentration in left ventricle correlated significantly to left ventricular ejection fraction, left ventricular end diastolic pressure, dP/dt min , left ventricular diastolic diameter, and diastolic interventricular septum thickness.Our conclusion is increase in collagen content and type Ⅰ/Ⅲ collagen ratio may be partly responsible for the reduction of cardiac function seen in this model of heart failure.

Objective To investigate the characteristics of grafts after reconstruction of ACL with autogenous bone-patellar tendon-bone(B-PT-B)grafts. Methods Reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament with free B-PT-B autograft fixed with interference screw was performed on 39 adult dogs. Mechanical testing was conducted on the grafts by translating the tibia anteriorly with the knee in 90 degrees of flexion, until complete failure. Failure site, cross sectional area, strength, stiffness and stress were documented. After decalcification and HE staining, the transformation of the intra-tunnel and intra-articular ligaments was evaluated, and the histological observation was conducted for the healing in the bone-tunnel, patellar tendon-tunnel and bone-patellar tendon interface. Results Union occurred in the bone-tunnel interface at 4th week. The patellar tendon-tunnel interface was linked by Sharpey's like fibers at 52nd week, the cement line and the tendency of chondrocyte lining were found. Mechanical testing of graft revealed that the rupture always occurred at mid-portion of ligaments instead of pulling-out from the tunnel under tension stress. Compared with the control group, the strength, stiffness and stress of the graft were 38%, 58% and 50% of normal anterior cruciate ligament at 52nd week respectively. Conclusion The union in the bone-tunnel interface occurs at 4th week, much earlier than the healing of the patellar tendon-tunnel interface. The healing of the tendon to tunnel presents to be indirect insertion at 52nd week with alignment of chondrocytes, which signifies the still ongoing of healing process at the interface. After fixation with interference screw for 4 weeks, the tendon proved to be the weakest part in bone-tendon-bone complex. No need to worry about the biomechanical character of the new insertion site during rehabilitation activities. The attachment fixed by interference screw is stable not only immediately after surgery but also during the healing of the insertion and the transformation of ligament. One year after reconstruction, the mechanical quality of the grafted tendon still remains inferior to that of normal anterior cruciate ligament in spite of similar histological structure. Protective device should be recommended during active activity.

Objective To measure the serum levels of endothelin-1 (ET-1) and transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β) in the newborns with respiratory distress and investigate its clinical significance. Methods Newborns with respiratory distress hospitalized into the Newborn Intensive Care Unit were included. The serum levels of ET-1 and TGF-β were all detected with ELISA in the first six hours,3,7,14 and 28 days after birth. Results The highest levels of ln ( 1 + ET-1 ) and ln ( 1 + TGF-β) were obtained from newborns with diagnosis as meconium aspiration syndrome ( 1.95 ± 1.02) ng/L and ( 1.51 ±0.99) ng/L,respectively) in the samples obtained in the first six hours after birth, and these were statistically different from those of the control group ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). Following were obtained for newborns with respiratory distress syndrome ( ( 1.52 ± 0.74 ) ng/L and ( 1.13 ± 0. 48 ) ng/L, t = 2.28,2. 13,respectively). After oxygen treatment, ET-1 levels obtained in the first six hours of life decreased gradually in the following days (P ＜0.05 ). Conclusions The measurements of ET-1 and TGF-β levels will help in differentiating diagnosis of the respiratory distress of newborns. The ET-1 levels will help to assess the therapy effectiveness and prognosis.

Objective To evaluate the anti-tumor activity of interferon ? with different structures including pegylated interferon ?-1b (PEG IFN ?-1b), pegylated interferon ?-2b (PEG IFN ?-2b) and natural interferon ? (IFN ?) in male BALB/C nude mice with human renal adencarcinoma (ACHN) tumor. Methods Athymic BALB/C nude mice were received a subcutaneous injection of ACHN cells (2?106/0.2ml) on the rear flank. After four weeks, the size of tumor reached a mean volume of 50-100 mm3, and the interferon was administrated. The mice with tumor were divided into four groups, and were administrated with placebo (0.2ml/mouse thrice weekly), IFN ?-1b (50?g/mouse thrice weekly), PEG IFN ?-1b (150?g/mouse once weekly) and PEG IFN?-2b (150?g/mouse once every week), respectively, for five weeks. The tumor volumes were measured weekly prior to treatments until the end of the fifth week. All mice in each group were sacrificed to measure the weight of the residual tumor. The anti-tumor activity of IFN ? in vivo was evaluated by studying their ability to reduce the volume and weight of tumor. Results IFN ? may significantly reduce the volume and weight of ACHN tumor in mice. The average tumor weight was 0.422g in placebo group, while 0.263g, 0.235g and 0.219g in the groups treated with PEG IFN ?-1b, IFN ?-1b and PEG IFN ?-2b, respectively. No significant difference was found among the three groups treated with IFN ?. Moreover, the volume of tumor in three groups treated with IFN ? was significant reduced than that in placebo group. Conclusion IFN ? with different structures have showed the similar ability of ACHN tumor suppression at the dosage of 150?g per week.

Objective To compare the effects of interferon alfa-1b(IFN?-1b) and pegylated IFN?-1b(PEG IFN?-1b) on inhibiting growth of human liver cancer cells in vivo.Methods Human liver cancer cells(HepG-2,2?l06/0.2ml) cultured in log phase were subcutaneously injected into the right rear flank of male BALB/C nude mice to establish the tumor model.After HepG-2 injection,the tumor growth was followed up for 14 days.The mice with HepG-2 tumor were randomly divided into placebo(n=7),PEG IFN?-1b(n=8) and IFN?-1b(n=8) groups.Mice received injection of placebo 0.2ml/mouse each time(three times a week),PEG IFN?-1b 150?g/mouse per injection(once a week) and IFN?-1b 50?g/mouse each time(three times a week),respectively,according to their grouping,and this regime lasted for five weeks.In order to evaluate anti-tumor activity,animals' body weight was measured every week,and the measurements of tumor volume and animals' body weight were continuously done till the mice were sacrificed at the end of the fifth week.Results PEG IFN?-1b and IFN?-1b induced a significant decrease in tumor volume and the animals' weight,the suppression rates onto tumor growth were 56%(2.190g vs.4.979g) and 42%(2.678g vs.4.979g),respectively.However,no significant difference was found in animals' weight among the three groups.Conclusion HepG-2(2?l06/0.2ml) injection into nude mice may induce a typical tumor model.PEG IFN?-1b(150?g/mouse per time,once a week) could significantly inhibit the growth of HepG-2 in vivo,and so does the IFN?-1b(50?g/mouse each time,three times per week).