Abstract: Parasites such as schistosome, liver fluke, and echinococcus mainly parasitize or cause diseases in the liver, and liver fibrosis is the main pathological feature and primary cause of morbidity and mortality of hosts after infection. The liver fibrosis caused by these parasites still has a heavy disease burden in the world, and due to its unique disease characteristics, the animal model of liver fibrosis caused by parasites has a unique position in the study of liver fibrosis. The essential distinguishing feature of parasitic infection-induced hepatic fibrosis from other types of hepatic fibrosis is the variety of parasitic-secreted molecules initiating fibrosis, including proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, metabolic small molecules and other types. These molecules induce the formation of type 2 immunity or inflammatory microenvironment in the host liver. Although in-depth research has been conducted on the initiation, maintenance, and regression of type 2 immunity in the liver after parasitic infection, many core mechanisms remain unclear. Chronic inflammation ultimately activates stellate cells and other types of cells to differentiate into myofibroblasts (MF), thus promoting the formation of liver fibrosis. After clearing parasites, MF may undergo reverse differentiation, apoptosis or senescence, and liver fibers may undergo reversal. Deep research on the activation and regression of MF is the foundation for effective prevention and treatment of liver fibrosis. This article reviews the disease burden and pathological characteristics of liver fibrosis caused by parasite infection.

OBJECTIVE:To compare the distribution of levofloxacin in lung of mice after intragastric and intravenous adminis-tration of Tanreqing injection combined with levofloxacin. METHODS:144 mice were randomly divided into experimental group and control group,with 72 mice in each group. Both groups were given Tanreqing injection(0.8 ml/kg). 1 h later,control group was given Levofloxacin injection(80 mg/kg)intravenously,and experimental group Levofloxacin tablet solution(80 mg/kg)intra-gastrically;every 8 mice were sacrificed for lung tissue collection at the time points of 0.05,0.083,0.17,0.5,1.0,2.0,4.0,8.0, 12.0 h and 0.083,0.17,0.33,0.5,1.0,2.0,4.0,8.0,12.0 h,respectively. Using ciprofloxacin as internal standard,the content of levofloxacin in lung tissue was determined by HPLC,and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by 3p97 program. RE-SULTS:The concentration-time curves of levofloxacin in lung tissue were in line with two-compartment model in 2 groups. The main pharmacokinetics of experimental group and control group were as follows as t1/2β of(4.17±0.84)h and(4.10±0.55)h;CL of(0.66±0.049)L/h and(0.71±0.21)L/h;AUC0-t of(109.48±12.34)mg·h/kg and(113.04±29.43)mg·h/kg;cmax of(38.76± 1.62) mg/kg and (42.28 ± 2.03) mg/kg,respectively. There was no statistical significance (P>0.05). Absolute bioavailability of levofloxacin was(96.85±17.39)% in experimental group with intragastric administration. CONCLUSIONS:After intravenous injec-tion of Tanreqing injection,the distribution of levofloxacin in lung tissue of mice are similiar between intragastric administration and intragastric administration.

Cone-beam computed tomography(CBCT) was used to analyze the anatomic morphology of maxillary canine fossa of different sagittal skeletal patterns patients;implants of various dimensions were virtually placed into the maxillary premolars region.The relationships among maxillary canine fossa and implant were analyzed.The depth of the maxillary canine fossa was(4.33±0.73),(3.77±0.58),(5.18±0.93)mm in the 1st premolar region of class Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ respectively.The depth of the maxillary canine fossa was(3.20±0.63),(2.81±0.58),(3.90±0.79)mm in the 2nd premolar region of class Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ respectively.There were no significant statistical differences in genders,sides,and loss of tooth.And there were significant statistical differences in three classes(P<0.05).The length of the implants was (10.30±1.70)mm(d=3.3 mm) and (8.77±1.58)mm(d=4.1 mm) in the 1st premolar region and (8.09±1.51)mm(d=3.3 mm),(6.69±1.35)mm(d=4.1 mm) in the 2nd premolar region in patients with teeth and buccal perforation;the length of the implants was (8.98±1.54)mm(d=3.3 mm) and (7.67±1.52)mm(d=4.1 mm) in the 1st premolar region and(7.09±1.59)mm(d=3.3 mm) and (5.79±1.34)mm(d=4.1 mm) in the 2nd premolar region in patients with tooth loss,respectively.There were significant statistical differences in loss of tooth(P<0.05).Analyzing of spatial relationships among maxillary canine fossa and implants of different sagittal skeletal patterns patients especially class Ⅲ patients,by using CBCT has important significance in guiding dental implants.

DNA vaccine plays an important role in the treatment of cancer, infectious disease and self-immune disease. Further enhancement of immune responses to DNA vaccines is one of the hot spots in the vaccine development. Among the research combining the electroporation with DNA vaccination improves plasmid gene expression in vivo and significantly enhances the immune responses. This review gives an overview of the application, effectiveness and prospect of electroporation in improving the efficacy of DNA vaccine.

Objective To study the value of imaging characters in diagnosing mediastinal tumors.Methods X-ray and CT findings of pathologically proved mediastinal tumors in 58 cases were analysed,the findings enabling qualitative diagnosis were recommended. Results There were 40 cases of anterior mediastinal tumors including intrathoracic thyroid tumors [n=32,5 tyroid carcinomas and 1 thyroid cyst ,thymomas (n=3) and teratomas (n=5, 3 cases ruptured)]. All the other 18 cases in posterior mediastinum were neurogenic tumors.Conclusion Based on the combination of the mediastinal compartment knowledge, X-ray and CT findings of the tumors and the clinical information, the qualitative diagnosis of mediastinal tumors will be characterized correctly.

The hepatocyte growth factor ( HGF) is a multifunctional growth factor, which produces multiple biological effects by binding to the c-Met acceptor. This article reviews the biological properties of HGF, particularly those correlated with male reproduction, including its abilities to promote testis embryonic development, spermatogenesis, and testosterone synthesis of Leydig cells. HGF may provide a new insight into the treatment of male hypogonadism and infertility.
Embryonic Development ; Hepatocyte Growth Factor ; physiology ; Humans ; Leydig Cells ; metabolism ; Male ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met ; metabolism ; Reproduction ; physiology ; Spermatogenesis ; physiology ; Testis ; embryology ; Testosterone ; biosynthesis

Adolescent ; Adult ; Breast Neoplasms ; pathology ; Carcinoma ; pathology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Endothelium, Vascular ; pathology ; Fasciitis ; pathology ; Female ; Hemangiosarcoma ; pathology ; Histiocytoma, Malignant Fibrous ; pathology ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; pathology ; Leiomyoma ; pathology ; Leiomyosarcoma ; pathology ; Middle Aged ; Soft Tissue Neoplasms ; pathology ; Uterine Neoplasms ; pathology ; Vascular Diseases ; pathology

AIM: To analyze and summarize the effect of glaucoma trabeculectomy in the department of ophthalmology in basic hospital.
METHODS: Postoperative intraocular pressure ( IOP ) , filtering bleb and complications of 316 cases (405 eyes) of patients with glaucoma after trabeculectomy were analyzed.
RESULTS: After follow- up 12mo, 76. 5% IOP was controlled in normal level. 42. 5% was filtration bleb typeⅠ, 33. 1% typeII, 14. 6% in typeⅢand 9. 9% in typeⅣ. Intraoperative complication rate was 2. 5%, that was 31.4% at postoperative early stage ( before discharge ) , and 6. 7% at postoperative long - term ( 6mo after discharge) .
CONCLUSION:Trabeculectomy for glaucoma can better solve the problem of high IOP. It is more mature in primary hospitals, but there are still a variety of intraoperative and postoperative complications.

Objective:To investigate the effect of DJ-1 encoded by Park7 gene on retinal ganglion cells(RGC) and visual function after optic nerve crush injury (ONC) in mice.Methods:Thirty-seven and 116 healthy male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into group normal, group ONC 2d, group ONC 5d, group ONC 7d and group control, group Park7, group Park7-ONC, group ONC and group green fluorescent protein (GFP)-ONC. Group ONC 2d, group ONC 5d and group ONC 7d were sacrificed on the 2nd, 5th and 7th day after the establishment of ONC model, and the follow-up experiments were carried out. The mice in group Park7 and group Park7-ONC were injected 1 μ recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) with knocking down Park7 gene into vitreous cavity, and 1 μl rAAV with only GFP was injected into vitreous cavity of mice in group GFP-ONC, and virus transfection was observed 4 weeks after injection. The injury of ONC was perfomed at 23 days after vitreous injection in group ONC, group Park7-ONC and group GFP-ONC, and the samples were taken for follow-up experiment 5 days after modeling. The average density of RGC was observed by immunofluorescence staining, the latencies and amplitudes of a-wave, b-wave and photopic negative response (phNR) and the amplitude of oscillatory potential (OPs)were detected by full-field flash electroretinogram,and the visual acuity of mice was measured by optomotor response (OMR). The relative expression levels of DJ-1, Bax and B lymphoblastoma / leukemia-2 (Bcl-2) protein in the retina of mice in each group were detected by Western blot. One-way ANOVA was used to compare the data between groups, and t-test was used for pairwise comparison between groups.Results:Compared with the normal group, the relative expression of DJ-1 protein in the retina of the ONC 2 d group and ONC 5 d group increased significantly, and the difference was statistically significant ( t=16.610, 5.628, P<0.01,<0.05). Four weeks after virus transfection, strong GFP expression was seen in the RGC layer and inner plexiform layer of the retina of mice in the Park7 group. Compared with the control group, the RGC density of the retina in the ONC group decreased significantly, and the difference was statistically significant ( t=16.520, P<0.000); compared with the ONC group, the RGC density of the retina in the Park7- ONC group decreased significantly, and the difference was statistically significant ( t=6.074, P<0.01). With the increase of stimulus light intensity, the dark adaptation a wave and b wave latency of the mice in the control group gradually shortened, and the amplitude gradually increased. The stimulus light intensity was 3 cd·s/m 2. There was no statistically significant difference in the dark adaptation a wave and b wave latency and amplitude of the control group, Park7 group, Park7-ONC group, ONC group, and GFP-ONC group (Incubation period: F=0.503, 2.592; P=0.734, 0.068. Amplitude: F=0.439, 1.451; P=0.779, 0.247). Compared with the control group, the Ops and PhNR amplitudes of the ONC group mice were significantly decreased ( t=15.07, 12.80; P<0.000,<0.001). Compared with the ONC group, the Ops and PhNR amplitudes of the mice in the Park7- ONC group were significantly decreased ( t=4.042, 5.062; P<0.05,<0.01); there was no statistically significant difference in the PhNR latency of the mice in each group ( F=1.327, P=0.287). Compared with the control group, the visual acuity of the mice in the ONC group was significantly decreased, and the difference was statistically significant ( t=23.020, P<0.000); compared with the ONC group, the visual acuity of the mice in the Park7-ONC group was significantly decreased, and the difference was statistically significant ( t=3.669, P<0.05). Compared with the control group, Park7-ONC group and ONC group, the relative expression of DJ-1 protein in the mouse retina was significantly down-regulated, and the difference was statistically significant ( t=47.140, 26.920; P<0.000,<0.000). There was no significant difference between ONC group and GFP-ONC group ( t=0.739, P=0.983). Compared with the ONC group, the relative expression of Bax protein in the mouse retina of the Park7-ONC group was significantly increased, and the relative expression of Bcl-2 protein was significantly reduced. The differences were statistically significant ( t=5.960, 9.710; P<0.05,<0.05); the relative expression ratio of Bcl-2/Bax in the Park7-ONC group was significantly lower than that in the ONC group, and the difference was statistically significant ( t=13.620, P<0.01). Conclusion:The expression of DJ-1 encoded by Park7 gene is down-regulated after Park7 gene was knocked down, which aggravates the RGC damage and the decrease of retinal electrophysiological response and visual function in ONC injury mice.

Bone Neoplasms ; pathology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Hemangioendothelioma ; pathology ; Hemangioendothelioma, Epithelioid ; pathology ; Hemangiosarcoma ; pathology ; Humans ; Sarcoma ; pathology ; Skin Neoplasms ; pathology ; Soft Tissue Neoplasms ; pathology ; Vascular Neoplasms ; pathology