Plant and animal derived secondary metabolites are the result of initiative and adaptability of natural evolution due to its adaptive stress responses. Based on countless attempts, rational thinking and thousands of years of clinical practice by ancient Chinese, the medicines were endowed with advantages for the treatment of diseases and keeping health balance through multiple components combination instead of single components, featured by a complex system with emergent properties. The emergence of traditional Chinese medicine is because of the integration of various components and its complex interactions. How to obtain the new multicomponent entities with the biological equivalent effect is an important and fundamental work for TCM-based new drug research and development. Currently, recognition of TCM emergence and development of related technical methods needs strengthened, and the understanding and research of TCM require a systematic integration of the holistic and reductive methods.
Animals ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

Objective To investigate the changes in iNOS expression in brain injury induced by hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (IR) in rats.Methods Thirty-two male Wistar rats weighing 240-280 g were randomly divided into 2 groups: sham operation group (group S,n = 8) and group IB( n = 24).The hepatic IR was induced by clamping the hepatic artery and portal vein according te the method described by LONG et al.In group IR the rats were killed at 3,6 and 24 h of reperfusion after 40 min hepatic ischemia (8 rats at each time point).The rats in group S were also killed.The brains were removed for determination of NO content (by nitrate reductase assay),SOD activity (by xanthine oxidase method),MDA content(by colorimetric method),nitrotyrosine (NT) expression (by Western blot),and iNOS mRNA expression (by RT-PCR).Results Compared with group S,cerebral NO and MDA content were significantly increased at 6 and 24 h of reperfusion,expression of cerebral NT and iNOS mRNA up-regulated and SOD activity decreased at 6 h of reperfusion in group IR (P < 0.05 or 0.01).Cerebral NO and MDA content were significantly higher and SOD activity lower at 6 and 24 h of reperfusion than at 3 h of reperfusion in group IR (P < 0.05).Conclusion The expression of iNOS in brain tissues is up-regulated after hepatic IR and it produces a great amount of NO inducing brain injury through peroxynitrite (ONOO-).

This study was aimed to clone the full-length cDNA sequence of actin gene of Eleutherococcus sentico-sus. And bioinformatics analysis was used. The total RNA was isolated from leaves of E. senticosus , and cDNA was synthesized by reverse transcription of total RNA. Primers were designed according to the conserved se-quence that had been cloned of Actin of E. senticosus . Then, the 3'and 5' cDNA fragments were cloned by nested PCR . The full-length gene was obtained by gene splicing method . Sequencing results were compared and treated with similarity analysis by blast analysis in the GenBank. Protein secondary structure and tertiary struc-ture of Actin of E. senticosus was predicted by online software. The results showed that the full-length cDNA of Actin of E. senticosus is 1507 bp, which named EsActin1, GenBank accession No. KC469585. The conserved sequence, which contained a 1134 bp open reading frame that encoding a 377 amino acid residues, a 5'-UTR of 140 bp and a 3'-UTR of 233 bp. Homologous alignment showed that it shared over 75% nucleotide se-quence similarity and over 94% amino acid sequences similarity with Actins in other plants. It was concluded that this study first isolated and reported the full-length cDNA sequence of actin gene of E. senticosus , and laid a foundation for the molecular biology research of E. senticosus .

Southern blotting with a labeled and linearized pUC 19 DNA containing a specific fragment of 0. 24 kb DNA of Plasmodium vivax asexual blood stages (kindly offered by Dr. C. Kidson )was used for further identification of blood samples showing positive reaction by dot-blot hybridization. The results showed that those with positive reaction from patients with P. vivax, with P. falciparum or with fever but with negative microscopic findings were also positive by Southern blotting. It was confirmed that some of those positive with P. falciparum were likely to infect P. vivax at the same time. So did a part of those with fever but negative in the blood films (Figs. 1,2).

Objective To investigate the effect of fluvastatin (FLV) on the expression of β1 integrin in puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN)-treated podocytes and its mechanism.Methods Cultured human podocytes were divided into PAN,different concentrations of fluvastatin (1 × 10-8 to 1 × 10-5 mol/L),SOD,H2O21 groups respectively.Expressions of β1 integrin and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in podocytes were detected by Western blotting and DCFHDA (2' 7'-Dichlorofluoresecein 3' 6'-diacetate) respectively.The viability of podocyte was determined by MTT colorimetry.Results PAN and H2O2 significantly decreased the expression of β1 integrin and increased the synthesis of ROS in podocytes (P＜0.05respectively).Lower concentration fluvastatin or SOD treatment up-regulated β1 integrin and downregulated ROS of podocytes induced by PAN (P＜0.05 respectively).MTT revealed that lower podocyte viability was found in higher concentration fluvastatin,PAN and H2O2 groups.Lower concentration fluvastatin and SOD could protect podocytes against PAN.Conclusion Fluvastatin attenuates the injury of podocyte induced by PAN and increases the expression of β1 integrin,whose mechanism may be associated with the inhibition of the ROS activity.

This article was aimed to study the antioxidant and antihyperlipidemic effect of total phenolic composition prepared from pineapple (A nanas comosus L.) leave. It had a rapid absorption after intragastric administration and the principle ingredient, p-coumaric acid, reached the peak concentration after 5 minutes of administration. The mice model with single intragastric administration of lipid and glucose were used in the observation of changes on postprandial glucose, lipid and intestinal lipase at different time points after drug administration. The results showed that phenols of pineapple leave can inhibit triglyceride and glucose absorption in certain extent. No significant effect was observed on inhibition at 30 minutes after the phenol administration. However, the intestinal lipase activity was obviously inhibited in normal mice and the intestinal lipase activity decline caused by acute lipid consumption can be reversed. It was concluded that the phenols pineapple leave may inhibit the absorption of lipids with correlation to lipase activity. It had certain regulation effect on the high postprandial glucose and fat absorption.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the chemical constituents of the dried buds of Lonicera confusa.

METHODChromatography and spectral analysis were respectively used to isolate and identify the constituents.

RESULTSeven compounds were isolated from the dried buds of L. confusa, and identified as rutin, quercetin, luteilin-7-O-beta-D-galactoside, lonicerin, chlorogenic acid, beta-sitosterol and tetratriacontane.

CONCLUSIONRutin was isolated from the genus for the first time, and the others were isolated from the species for the first time.

Chlorogenic Acid ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Flowers ; chemistry ; Lonicera ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Quercetin ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Rutin ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Sitosterols ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

Objective Previous studies have shown that genetic variants in the interferons regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) gene are associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in European and Japanese, but not found in Han Chinese. We conducted this study to investigate whether genetic variants in the IRF5 gene are associated with RA in ShaanXi Han Chinese population. Methods This study was collected 576 RA patients and 768 normal controls. Six IRF5 gene polymorphisms (rs729302, rs2004640, rs752637, rs3807306, rs10954213 and rs2280714) were genotyped by the SNaPshot method. T-test and χ2 test were used for statistic analysis. The genotype and allele frequencies were evaluated using the chi square tests. Genotyping data were adjusted by Logistic regression method by age and gender. The linkage disequilibrium (LD) block structure was examined using Hapview 4.2 software. Results Six SNPs inspected complied with Hardy-weinberg equilibrium (P>0.05). Two SNPs were significantly associated with RA: rs729302 A risk allele [OR=1.29, 95%CI (1.10, 1.50), P=5.57×10-3];dominant model [OR=1.58, 95%CI (1.10, 2.27), P=0.024], recessive model [OR=1.31, 95%CI (1.17, 1.64), P=0.028]. rs2004640 T risk allele [OR=1.28, 95%CI (1.08, 1.54), P=0.039]; dominant model [OR=1.27, 95%CI (1.03, 1.58), P=0.036]. In addition, there was no significant difference in rs752637, rs3807306, rs10954213 and rs2280714 SNPs between RA group and control and genotyped polymorphisms were significantly associated with RA susceptibility. Conclusion The present study confirm that rs729302 and rs2004640 in the IRF5 gene is significantly associated with increased risk of RA in ShaanXi Han Chinese population.

Objective: To explore the effect of Fuzheng granules on immune function activities in animal models.Methods: The effects of Fuzheng granules were investigated in normal mice and immunosuppressive mice by macrophage englobement rate and index of phagocytosis,leucocyte quantity,lymphocyte conversion ratio induced by adhesin,serum hemolysin,content of serum con-complement.Results: Fuzheng granules could significantly elevate the macrophage englobement rate,index of phagocytosis,leucocyte quantity,lymphocyte conversion ratio induced by adhesin,serum hemolysin,content of serum con-complement in above mice.Conclusion: Fuzheng granules had the effect of improving immune function activities.

Objective:To investigate the effectiveness,safety,and related prognostic factors of the treatment of follicular lymphoma(FL)with a regimen containing Bendamustine.Methods:The clinical data of 129 FL patients who were treated with Bendamustine containing regimen were collected from January 1,2020 to October 30,2022 in the Hematology Department of Lianyungang Second People's Hospital and Jiangsu Provincial People's Hospital.The patients were divided into three groups:Bendamustine plus Rituximab(BR),Bendamustine plus Obinutuzumab(GB),Rituximab+Cyclophosphamide+Epirubicin/Doxorubicin+Vindesine+Prednisone(R-CHOP).The efficacy,safety and related prognostic factors of the treatment of FL with a regimen based on Bendamustine were retrospectively analyzed.Results:The ORR was 98％for the BR group,94％for the GB group,and 72.3％for the R-CHOP group,while the CR rate was 61.2％,70％and 40.4％,respectively.The ORR and CR rates of the R-CHOP group were statistically different from those of the BR group and GB group(P＜0.05).The 3-year PFS rate of the BR group,GB group,and R-CHOP group was 89.6％,90.9％,48.9％,respectively.There was a statistically significant difference in 3-year PFS between the R-CHOP group,BR group,and GB group(P＜0.05),while there was no statistically significant difference in 3-year OS(P＞0.05).Hematological adverse reactions were mainly bone marrow suppression.Lymphocytes and CD4+T lymphocytes decreased to the lowest level about 6 months after treatment,and the incidence of lymphopenia in BR group and GB group was higher than that in R-CHOP group,with a statistical difference(P＜0.05).The higher incidence of non-Hematological adverse reactions were pulmonary infection,EB virus infection,hepatitis B virus reactivation,and gastrointestinal reactions without statistical difference in 3 groups(P＞0.05),and were all controllable.The Receiver operating characteristic of CD4+T lymphocyte count showed that AUC of BR group was 0.802,and the critical value was 258/uL;AUC of GB group was 0.754 with a critical value of 322/uL.Conclusion:The treatment of FL with the Bendamustine containing regimen has good efficacy and controllable adverse reactions,but lymphocytopenia was significant after treatment,and the curative efficacy in combination with various CD20 monoclonal antibodies was different.The lowest CD4+T lymphocyte count can be used as a predictive factor for the occurrence of infection and efficacy of the Bendamustine containing regimen for FL.