Humans ; Fractures, Bone/etiology* ; Bone and Bones/diagnostic imaging* ; Disability Evaluation

Insulin-like growth factors (IGF), regulated by their receptors and binding proteins, play a pivotal role in human cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. Increasing evidence has revealed that IGF system is involved in the genesis and progress of various malignancies including lung cancer. Recent studies in regard to IGF axis expression in the lung cancer cell lines, pulmonary tissue samples and blood circulation of lung cancer patients have shown that the IGF axis may contribute to the transformation and progression of lung cancer. Several researches have shown that a number of drugs targeting the IGF receptor are being investigated in clinical trials and suggest a potential therapeutic efficacy. This article reviews the updates and progress in the research of IGF axis in lung cancer.

Objective To survey and analyze characteristics of brucellosis epidemic in Weinan city of Shaanxi province for the purpose of setting up prevention and control measures for the disease. Methods According to "The Executing Plan for the Work of Surveying Brucellosis Disease in Shaanxi Province", 35 villages(towns) of designated monitoring locations and 24 villages (towns) of randomized monitoring locations in five countries of Weinan were chosen to survey brucellosis disease. The five countries were Chengcheng, Dali, Heyang, Tongguan and Hancheng. High risk populations with a history of contacting livestock and livestock products aged between 7 and 60 underwent clinical and serology examination[rose bengal plate agglutination test(RBPT) and standard tube agglutination test(SAT)]. All manipulation methods and judging standards were in accord with the "Diagnostic Standard for Brucellosis" (WS 269-2007). Results In the designated monitoring location, a total of 8664 people at high risk were investigated, among whom 1407 people were tested by RBPT test and 27 people were positive,the positive rate was 1.92%(27/1407); 27 people were tested by SAT test and 27 people were positive, the positive rate was 100% (27/27); 25 people were diagnosed and the diagnosis rate was 92.59%(25/27). In the randomized monitoring location, a total of 3464 people at high risk were investigated, among whom 411 people were tested by RBPT test and 3 people were positive, the positive rate was 0.73%(3/411 ), 3 people were tested by SAT test which were all positive and made a definite diagnosis. Twenty-eight new cases were made a definite diagnosis and its incidence was 2.06 in a hundred thousand(28/1 361 618). Conclusions The infection of human brucellosis in Weinan city stays at higher level. The governments should increase input for the monitoring,investigating and disinfecting to prevent the disease from increasing and outspreading.

Objective To investigate the effect of prognostic factors and nursing care in of acute myocardial infarction(AMI)patients performed emergency percutaneous coronary intervention supported by IABP.Methods Twenty seven AMI patients treated with emergency PCI,supporting by intra-aortic balloon pump(IABP).We analyzed retrospectively elinical characters and situation of interventional treatment of the patients.Results Among 27 cases.there were 12 cases who were recovered,4 suffered congestive heart failure repeatedly.and ll died during the hospitalization.There was no difference in age,sex,the history of hypertension,diabetes and smoking,the site of infarction and ejection fraction of left ventficular.The prognosis was different in the patients with grade of Killip in cardiac function and no flow post PCI(P<0.05).Conclusions The grade of Killip and no flow post PCI were the effective factors for prognosis in Acute Myocardial patients with emergency PCI.

BACKGROUNDTenidap is a liposoluble non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that is easily distributed in the central nervous system and also inhibits the production and activity of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and cytokines in vitro. This study aimed to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of tenidap in a pilocarpine rat model of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE).

METHODSTenidap was administered daily at 10 mg/kg for 10 days following pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus (SE) in male Wistar rats after which prolonged generalized seizures resulted in TLE. After tenidap treatment, spontaneous recurrent seizures (SRSs) were recorded by video monitoring (for 7 hours per day for 14 days). The frequency and severity of the SRSs were observed. Histological and immunocytochemical analyses were used to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of tenidap and detect COX-2 expression, which may be associated with neuronal death.

RESULTSThere were 46.88 ± 10.70 survival neurons in tenidap-SE group, while there were 27.60 ± 5.18 survival neurons in saline-SE group at -2.4 mm field in the CA3 area. There were 37.75 ± 8.78 survival neurons in tenidap-SE group, while there were 33.40 ± 8.14 survival neurons in saline-SE group at -2.4 mm field in the CA1 area. Tenidap treatment significantly reduced neuronal damage in the CA3 area (P < 0.05) and slightly reduced damage in the CA1 area. Tenidap markedly inhibited COX-2 expression in the hippocampus, especially in the CA3 area.

CONCLUSIONTenidap conferred neuroprotection to the CA3 area in a pilocarpine-induced rat model of TLE by inhibiting COX-2 expression.

Animals ; Cyclooxygenase 2 ; metabolism ; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe ; chemically induced ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Indoles ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Neuroprotective Agents ; therapeutic use ; Pilocarpine ; toxicity ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

Objective:To analysis the job preference and heterogeneity of medical students by distinguishing their birthplaces,and to provide reference for optimizing the management of primary health care resources.Methods:Using a cluster sampling method,an online survey of discrete choice experiment was conducted with 925 medical students from six teaching hospitals in Beijing,741 valid questionnaires were obtained,the effective recovery rate was 80.1%.The mixed logit model was used to perform regression analysis on six job attributes and estimate the willingness to pay.Results:There were significant differences in the choice of work location among medical students from different birthplaces.The subgroup results showed that compared to medical students from city,undergraduates from rural and county district preferred a work with sufficient career development opportunities.The results of undergraduate subgroup showed that undergraduates from rural district preferred a work with good environment than those from other birthplaces.Conclusion:There is heterogeneity in job preferences of medical students from different birthplaces.Policy makers should pay attention to the medical students'birthplace,also take the educational level into account to optimize the diversified job attributes,formulating targeted intervention to attract primary health care talents.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the characteristics of the hepatic pathological and clinical features of patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) in immune tolerant stage and find the better measure of diagnosing patients chronic infected by HBV in immune tolerant phase.

METHODS135 patients with HBV chronic infection and persistently normal serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were involved in this study, whose serum HBeAg and HBV DNA were positive. Statistical analysis included the ages, sex, serum levels of HBVDNA, ALT and histological grade. The grades of inflammation and fibrosis were obtained through hepatic biopsy performed on all the patients.

RESULTSMean age in those patients was 22.61 +/- 8.95 years old. All those patients were divided into two groups according to histological grade: low- histological grade group, G < or = 1 and S < or = 1; and high-histological grade group, G > or = 2, S > or = to 2. Levels of histological grade were low in most of patients (99/135). Patients of low-histological grade had no difference in age, sex and family history of HBsAg carriers. Compared with low-normal ALT (ALT less than 30U/L), those with high-normal ALT (ALT > or = 30U/L) had a greater frequencies of high-histological grade. Compared with high HBVDNA (HBVDNA > or = 10(7) copies/ml), those with low HBVDNA (HBVDNA less than 10(7) copies/ml) had a greater frequencies of high-histological grade.

CONCLUSIONLevels of histological grade were low in most of patients with HBV chronic infection, serum HBeAg and HBVDNA positive, persistently normal serum ALT levels, but some of them were high-histological grade. It showed those patients were not all in immune tolerant stage of chronic HBV infection. Examination of ALT and HBVDNA are helpful to evaluate hepatic pathological damage for them.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Alanine Transaminase ; blood ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; DNA, Viral ; blood ; Female ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; immunology ; pathology ; virology ; Humans ; Immune Tolerance ; Male ; Middle Aged

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of periodontal infection on circulating C-reactive protein (CRP) in type 2 diabetes patients.

METHODS32 diabetes patients with advanced periodontitis participated in this study. They were compared to a group of 32 diabetes patients without periodontal disease, who were mathed with regard to age (+/- 3 years), gender and body mass index (+/- 1 kg/m2). The concentration of CRP on circulation was measured by ELISA.

RESULTSSignificant difference was found in the level of CRP and the percentage of subjects with elevated CRP levels > or = 3 mg/L on circulation between the two groups(P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONPeriodontal infection results in higher circulating CRP in type 2 diabetes patients. This elevated inflammatory factor may exacerbate insulin resistance and increase the risk for great vessels complications of diabetes mellitus.

Adult ; C-Reactive Protein ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Periodontal Attachment Loss ; Periodontal Pocket ; Periodontitis

BACKGROUNDCreutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), a rare disease, is uncharacterized by computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This study was aimed to evaluate the diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI) manifestations of CJD and to discuss their diagnostic value.

METHODSThe findings of T(1)-weighted MRI (T(1)WI), T(2)-weighted MRI (T(2)WI), DWI and post-contrast MRI in 5 patients (3 patients with biopsy-proven CJD and 2 patients with clinically-proven CJD) were retrospectively analyzed in this study.

RESULTSFour out of the 5 patients had cerebral atrophy of various degrees. One patient showed symmetric high signal intensity at the bilateral globus pallidus and the head of the caudate nucleus, with very high signal in the cerebral cortex on the DWI. This patient only had symmetric slightly high signal at the bilateral globus pallidus and putamen on T(2)WI. One patient had high signal intensity at the basal ganglia and cerebral cortex on DWI, but abnormal T(2) signal intensity at the bilateral paraventricular white matter on MRI. Two patients presented with widely gyri-like high signal intensity at the cortex on DWI, but routine MRI showed bilateral paraventricular long T(2) signal intensity in 1 patient and no abnormal findings in another. No abnormalities were shown by both routine MRI and DWI in the last patient.

CONCLUSIONSDWI is more sensitive than its conventional counterpart in the depiction of CJD. DWI is more sensitive to detect cortical abnormal signal intensity in CJD not detected by T(2)WI.

Adult ; Aged ; Atrophy ; Brain ; pathology ; Creutzfeldt-Jakob Syndrome ; diagnosis ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; methods ; Electroencephalography ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged

To investigate the role and mechanism of ceramide (Cer) regulation in alcohol-induced neuronal proliferation and the newborn neurons formation, we used sphingomyelin synthase 2 (predominant enzyme of Cer metabolism) knockout (SMS2(-/-)) and wild type (WT) female mice to establish the model of prenatal alcohol exposure. In 24 h after being given birth (postnatal day 0, P0), the offspring of model mice received blood sphingomyelin (SM) measurement with enzymatic method. On P0, P7, P14 and P30, the proliferation of granule cells in the dentate gyrus and newborn neurons were investigated with immunofluorescent labeling. The expression of protein kinase Cα (PKCα) in the hippocampus was tested with Western blot analysis. The results showed that the SM level of blood in SMS2(-/-) pups was significantly lower than that in WT pups. No matter in SMS2(-/-) or WT mice, the prenatal alcohol exposure down-regulated the SM levels in pups with dose-dependency. In both SMS2(-/-) and WT pups, the number of proliferative neurons and newborn neurons in the dentate gyrus gradually decreased with the growing age. Compared with the WT pups, SMS2(-/-) pups showed significantly more proliferative neurons and newborn neurons in the dentate gyrus. Notably, prenatal alcohol exposure dose-dependently increased proliferative neurons and newborn neurons in the dentate gyrus in both WT and SMS2(-/-) pups. The hippocampal expression of PKCα protein in SMS2(-/-) mice was lower than that in WT mice, and prenatal alcohol exposure could up-regulate the PKCα protein expression in both WT and SMS2(-/-) mice with dose dependency. These results suggest that alcohol exposure during pregnancy can induce the compensatory neural cell proliferation and the production of newborn neurons in offspring, and the Cer-ceramide-1-phosphate (C1P) pathway is involved in alcohol-induced neural cell proliferation. The activation of PKCα may be a key step to start the Cer-C1P pathway and up-regulate the alcohol-induced neural cell proliferation and the newborn neurons formation.
Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Ceramides ; metabolism ; Dentate Gyrus ; cytology ; Ethanol ; toxicity ; Female ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Neurons ; cytology ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects ; physiopathology ; Protein Kinase C-alpha ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Transferases (Other Substituted Phosphate Groups) ; genetics