Firstly discovered in 1980s,human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) continues to affect more and more people.However,there is no effective drug available for the therapy of HIV infection.Betulinic acid existing in various medicinal herbs and fruits exhibits multiple biological effects,especially its outstanding anti-HIV activity,which has drawn the attentions of many pharmacists.Among the derivatives of betulinic acid,some compounds exhibited inhibitory activities at the nanomolar concentration,and have entered phase Ⅱ clinical trials.This paper summarizes the current investigations on the anti-HIV activity of betulinic acid analogues,and provides valuable data for subsequent researches.

The LEAFY (LFY) homologous gene of Dendrobium moniliforme (L.) Sw. was cloned by new primers which were designed based on the conservative region of known sequences of orchid LEAFY gene. Partial LFY homologous gene was cloned by common PCR, then we got the complete LFY homologous gene Den LFY by Tail-PCR. The complete sequence of DenLFY gene was 3 575 bp which contained three exons and two introns. Using BLAST method, comparison analysis among the exon of LFY homologous gene indicted that the DenLFY gene had high identity with orchids LFY homologous, including the related fragment of PhalLFY (84%) in Phalaenopsis hybrid cultivar, LFY homologous gene in Oncidium (90%) and in other orchid (over 80%). Using MP analysis, Dendrobium is found to be the sister to Oncidium and Phalaenopsis. Homologous analysis demonstrated that the C-terminal amino acids were highly conserved. When the exons and introns were separately considered, exons and the sequence of amino acid were good markers for the function research of DenLFY gene. The second intron can be used in authentication research of Dendrobium based on the length polymorphism between Dendrobium moniliforme and Dendrobium officinale.
Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; DNA, Plant ; genetics ; Dendrobium ; genetics ; Exons ; Introns ; Orchidaceae ; genetics ; Phylogeny ; Plant Leaves ; genetics ; Plant Proteins ; genetics ; Plants, Medicinal ; genetics ; Sequence Alignment ; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid

OBJECTIVETo observe the efficacy and safety of PEG-interferon alpha-2a (PEG-IFNalpha-2a) treatment on lamivudine (LAM)-resistant chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients.

METHODSEighty-one patients with lamivudine-resistant HBeAg (+) chronic hepatitis B patients were enrolled and divided into PEG-IFNalpha-2a treatment group (40 cases) and adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) control group (41 cases). Two groups were combined with LAM in the first 12 weeks(w). The ALT normalization rate, the HBV DNA and HBeAg negative rate, and the HBeAg seroconversion rate were observed in 12 W, 24 W, 48 W.

RESULTSThe ALT normalization rate in 12 W, 24 W of PEG-IFNalpha-2a group was 62.5% and 80.0%. And it was higher than that of ADV group. The HBeAg negative rate and HBeAg seroconversion rate in 48 W of PEG-IFNalpha-2a group were 60% and 57.5% , which were higher than that of ADV group. The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONPEG-IFNalpha-2a treatment of lamivudine-resistant HBeAg (+) chronic hepatitis B is superior to ADV, and its security is well.

Adenine ; analogs & derivatives ; therapeutic use ; Adult ; Antiviral Agents ; therapeutic use ; DNA, Viral ; analysis ; drug effects ; Drug Resistance, Viral ; drug effects ; genetics ; Female ; Hepatitis B virus ; drug effects ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; drug therapy ; virology ; Humans ; Interferon-alpha ; therapeutic use ; Interferons ; immunology ; pharmacology ; Lamivudine ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mutation ; Organophosphonates ; therapeutic use ; Polyethylene Glycols ; therapeutic use ; Recombinant Proteins ; Treatment Outcome ; Watchful Waiting

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the immunogenicity of the decellularized laryngeal scaffold.

METHODSTwelve perfused, decellularized laryngeal scaffolds were obtained from rabbits through common carotid artery perfusion with detergents. The twelve decellularized laryngeal scaffolds and the twelve fresh larynxes were then implanted in para-laryngeal muscles of rabbits and harvested after two weeks, four weeks, twelve weeks and twenty-four weeks, respectively. Macroscopic view, histological examination and lymphocyte infiltration test were performed.

RESULTSThe decellularized larynxes were implanted and preserved the laryngeal extracellular matrix and laryngeal architecture. The decellularized larynx did not show obvious immunological rejection after implanted into the para-laryngeal muscles of the recipient rabbits. The volume of implanted larynx became smaller but retained cartilage scaffold. The larynxes in the control group presented the serious immunological rejection and the majority tissues of the larynxes were disintegrated and substituted by the fibrous connective tissues after four weeks. The peripheral tissues were damaged and necrotic at different degrees. The quantity of the lymphocyte infiltration in the control group was higher than that in the experiment group and the result had the statistical significance (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSPerfused, decellularized technique can construct a low immune laryngeal cartilage scaffold which could be a satisfactory material for laryngeal repair.

Animals ; Cartilage ; cytology ; Cells, Cultured ; Female ; Graft Rejection ; immunology ; Larynx, Artificial ; Lymphocytes ; immunology ; Male ; Prosthesis Implantation ; Rabbits ; Tissue Engineering ; methods ; Tissue Scaffolds

OBJECTIVETo retrospective study the results of arthroscopic resection of articular capsule valvular treated popliteal cysts and examined the incidence of complication.

METHODSFrom July 2007 to July 2010, 45 patients with symptomatic popliteal cysts such as knee pain and limitation of motion were treated with arthroscopic technique to resect the connecting valvular mechanism at posteromedial compartment of articular capsule. Through the posteromedial viewing portal and cyst resection working portal, resected the valvular mechanism by shaver and plasma cutter, associated intra-articular pathology was treated simultaneously. The functional outcome was evaluated by employed Rauschning and Lindgren score before the surgery and the last follow-up. By using of Wilcoxon rank sum test to statistics analyze the clinic outcome.

RESULTIn all cases, 40 patients were found the associated intra-articular pathology, the incidence was 88.9%.The intra-articular pathology was medial meniscus tear (27 cases, 60.0%), lateral meniscus tear (20 cases, 44.4%), cartilage lesion (28 cases, 62.2%), which composed with patellofemoral joint (12 cases, 26.7%),medial condyles of femur (10 cases, 22.2%),lateral condyles of femur (6 cases, 13.3%). The anterior cruciate ligment injury was found in 2 cases, the incidence was 4.4%. All the patients achieved symptoms relief postoperative, such as posterior knee discomfort and swelling after activities.The Rauschning and Lindgren score was improved 1-2 grade in average (Z = -6.092, P = 0.00). The recurrence rate was 2.2%. All the incision healed good. No major complications were encountered such as saphenous nerve, great saphenous vein, blood vessel in popliteal injury.

CONCLUSIONSArthroscopic resection of articular capsule valvular treatment of popliteal cyst and treatment of associated intra-articular pathology are effective and safe. This surgery technique has more minimally trauma and lower recurrence rate.The clinic results in short term are excellent.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Arthroscopy ; methods ; Child ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Knee Joint ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Popliteal Cyst ; complications ; surgery ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

The inhibitory ratio (1%) of artificial musk on cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) was determined by enzyme immunoassay (EIA). The dose-effect relationship between concentrations of artificial musk and 1% was established. It was found that artificial musk had obvious inhibitory action on COX-2. The concentration for 50% of maximum inhibitory effect (IC50) was about 2.26 mg x mL(-1). There was a good relationship between the logarithm concentrations of artificial musk and 1% when the concentrations of artificial musk ranged from 0.31-20.0 mg x mL(-1). The results indicated that this EIA method could be applied to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of artificial musk quickly, conveniently, sensitively and exactly. This paper provided a novel method and foundational research for the bioassay of artificial musk.
Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; pharmacology ; Cyclooxygenase 2 ; metabolism ; Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated ; pharmacology ; Immunoenzyme Techniques ; methods ; Inhibitory Concentration 50 ; Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship

Objective:Using an area in east of China as a case,the paper exploit the methodology to define and visualize the scope of the medical insurance pharmacy service through using ArcGIS and its function modules to analy-zing the basic data including this area's population distribution,address of drugstores,administrative districts,road network and soon.Plan A based on the 15-minute walk distance norm for defining the scopes, shows that this area need to increase 548 medical insurances designated drugstore,the effect of which was service area can be increased by 12.36%,service population can be increased by 10.82%, designated drugstore healthy competition rate can be increased by 8.36%;Plan B based on the 10-minute walk distance norm for defining the scopes, displays that this area need to increase 1197 medical insurance designated drugstore, the effect of which was service area can be in-creased by 15.23%,service population can be increased by 20.49%,designated drugstore healthy competition rate can be increased by 19%.

Objective To study the proteomic profiling of lung and colon during lung injury induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS).Methods Mice were divided into four groups:the control,LPS,LPS+ Platycodonis Radix(PR)and LPS+ Rhei Radix et Rhizoma(RRR).LPS was injected into the lungs through trachea,and the drugs were given by intragastric injection.The mice were weighed,the faeces of each mouse were determined,and the lungs and colon were isolated for analysis of pathophysiological changes and proteomics.Results ①After 7 days of LPS,the weight of mice decreased,the lung showed inflammatory changes,and the faeces increased.Both PR and RRR can improve the inflammation.②There are lot of proteins was increased in lung mainly involved in gene transcription and in colon mainly involved in mitochondrial,endoplasmic reticulum and metabolism,etc.The up-regulated proteins shared by both lung and colon were involved in myoprotein contraction.PR can inhibit the up-regulated protein more than RRR in lung.③There are large number of proteins were down-regulated in lung involved in cell membrane and in colon involved in nucleic acid binding and ATP binding.The down-regulated proteins shared by both lung and colon were involved in endoplasmic reticulum,nucleic acid binding and cell membrane,etc.The down-regulated proteins in lung by PR are more than those by RRR,which is involved in endoplasmic reticulum,cell membrane,etc.Conclusion LPS-induced lung injury can cause changes in the expression of protein in lung and colon proteins,and the increase in the expression of myoprotein contraction genes may be one of the molecular mechanisms related to lung and colon.

OBJECTIVEThe aim of the study was to establish the contemporary epidemiological characteristics of Japanese encephalitis (JE) in Guizhou Province.

METHODSA retrospective study of National Notifiable Disease Reporting System (NNDRS) data from 1971 through 2009, was conducted to ascertain the geographical, seasonal, and age distributions of JE incidence in Guizhou Province, China.

RESULTSA total of 68 425 JE cases were reported in Guizhou from 1971-2009. The JE cases occurred sporadically in all 9 prefectures of Guizhou, mostly among residents of rural areas. Seasonal distribution of JE remained consistent over the period from 1971-2009 with the main transmission season starting from June to September and peaking in August. JE occurred mainly in children under the age of 15 years with peak incidence in the 0-6-year age group. Pearson's correlation analysis showed that JE vaccine distribution had a negative correlation with JE incidence rates during 1971-2009 (coefficient of correlation=-0.475, P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONOver the period of 1971-2009, the JE incidence rate had declined dramatically in terms of geographical and age distributions due to JE vaccination to children at risk.

Adolescent ; Age Distribution ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Encephalitis, Japanese ; epidemiology ; mortality ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Seasons ; Time Factors ; Viral Vaccines ; immunology

OBJECTIVETo summarize the experience of surgical treatment for cervical esophageal carcinoma.

METHODSClinical and follow-up data of 82 patients with cervical esophageal carcinoma undergone surgical treatment in Henan Provincial Cancer Hospital from Dec. 1993 to Dec. 2005 were analyzed retrospectively. The difference of the therapeutic regimen and 5-year survival rate of these patients were evaluated.

RESULTSBefore 1997, patients mainly underwent surgical therapy solely (27 cases). After 1997, 50 cases received surgical therapy following neoadjuvant radiotherapy (multimodality group), except 5 early-stage cases received surgical therapy solely. Seventy-three patients underwent esophagectomy without thoracotomy, including 21 cases of invert-stripping of the esophagus, and 52 cases of blunt denudation of esophagus. Nine patients underwent transthoracic esophagectomy. Concurrent monolateral or bilateral cervical lymph node dissection accounted for 14 cases and combined organ resection 12 cases. No serious hemorrhage and tracheal or bronchial tearing occurred. No hospital death occurred. Postoperative complications were found in 14 patients, and the incidence of complication was 19.5%. In sole surgery group, upper incised margins of 5 patients were confirmed to be positive. The laryngeal function of 26 patients in sole surgery group was preserved, while 47 patients in multimodality group preserved. Lymph node metastasis occurred in 14 cases, including 13 cases cervical lymph node metastasis (monolateral 9, bilateral 4) and 1 case of upper mediastinal lymph node metastasis. During follow-up, 3 patients were lost. The total 5-year survival rate was 43%. The patients in multimodality group had higher 5-year survival rate as compared to those in sole surgery group. (50.2% vs 33.9%,chi(2 )=7.17,P=0.007). The 5-year survival rates of patients with transthoracic esophagectomy, esophagectomy plus concurrent monolateral or bilateral cervical lymph nodes dissection or combined organ resection were 36.5%, 45.8% and 33.3% respectively. All the 5-year survival rates of these subgroups were lower as compared to multimodality group.

CONCLUSIONSFor patients with early stage cervical esophageal carcinoma and with proximal end of residual normal esophagus longer than 2 cm, the optimal therapy should be surgery. For most of the patients, surgery combined with neoadjuvant radiotherapy is the ideal therapeutic strategy, which can lower the risk of positive revised margin, improve the possibility of preserving the laryngeal function and result in the improvement of 5-year survival rate. Esophagectomy without thoracotomy should be preferred. Combined organ resection or bilateral lymph node dissection should be chosen carefully because these operating procedures may lead to severe injury and function lose.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Esophagectomy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neck ; Retrospective Studies