As the main part of the teaching activities,students play an important role in the teaching reform.The students were trained through 3 pathways,“Extending teaching activities from the classroom to the outside”,“Development from basic to clinical knoledge” and “Culturing students' innovative consciousness”,so as to allow them to give full play in teaching reform,to enhance their ability of practice and learning by themselves,to culture their innovative consciousness and to develop students' leading functions in the anatomy teaching reform.

Objective To study the clinical characteristics of primary hypoparathyroidism in adults.Methods The clinical data of 200 cases with adult-onset primary hypoparathyroidism in Peking Union Medical College Hospital during December 1987 to December 2015 were collected and analyzed retrospectively.Among them, 128 cases were followed up for a median period of 3 years.Results The major manifestations at their first visits were tetany and numbness in the distal extremities (81.5%,163/200 and 62.0%, 124/200).Thirty-two percent of the cases (62 cases) had history of seizures, and 60.9%( 98/161 ) and 74.4% ( 96/129 ) of them were with intracerebral calcifications and cataracts , respectively.Most of subjects(155/200)had more than one year delay in diagnosis.Hypercalciuria occurred in 67.2%( 86/128 ) of the cases during the follow-up.No significant differences in the clinical characteristics and biochemical markers between the hypercalciuria subjects and the non -hypercalciuria subjects.Renal nephrocalcinosis or stones were found in 6.5%( 5/77 ) of the cases , and kidney function decreased in 6.6%(6/91) of the patients.Kidney function was negatively associated with age and duration of disease.Conclusions The predominant manifestations of primary hypoparathyroidism in adults included tetany and numbness in the distal extremities and seizures .It is often misdiagnosed.Calcium supplement combined with vitamin D or its metabolites effectively relieve clinical symptoms and signs.The serum and urinary calcium levels should be monitored frequently to reduce renal complications .

OBJECTIVETo discuss whether fibroblast-like cells can transform into osteoblasts under specific condition during distraction osteogenesis.

METHODSFibroblast-like cells were cultured in vitro. BMP-2, TGF-beta(1), BMP-2 and TGF-beta(1) were added into the medium, and the cellular change were observed by histochemistry and immunohistochemistry methods. The distraction was given on the membrane of fibroblast-like cells, and the cellular change were observed under the distraction.

RESULTSfibroblast-like cells from the joint could transform into osteoblasts under the effect of BMP-2 or BMP-2 with TGF-beta(1). Fibroblast-like cells from other regions could not transform into osteoblasts.

CONCLUSIONThe osteoblasts during distraction osteogenesis are multi-origin.

Animals ; Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 ; pharmacology ; Cells, Cultured ; Fibroblasts ; cytology ; drug effects ; Osteoblasts ; cytology ; drug effects ; Osteogenesis, Distraction ; Rabbits ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo study the relationship between expression of caveolin-1 (Cav-1) and pERK1/2 and prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

METHODSCav-1 and pERK1/2 protein expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry in samples obtained from 160 patients with NSCLC and 20 patients with normal lung tissue.

RESULTSNormal bronchial and alveolar epithelial cells were positive for Cav-1 (membranous and cytoplasmic staining patterns). The expression rate of Cav-1 in NSCLC was 65.6% (105/160), which was significantly lower than that in normal lung tissue (P = 0.002). The Cav-1-positive rates in well to moderately differentiated tumors and poorly differentiated tumors were 56.8% (46/81) and 75.7% (53/70), respectively (P = 0.015). The expression of Cav-1 was much higher in patients with lymph node metastasis (77.8%, compared with 55.7% in lymph node-negative group, P = 0.003). The expression was also higher in stage III to IV than in stage I to II disease (75.4%, compared with 58.2%, P = 0.024). The overall survival of patients with Cav-1-positive tumors (71.4%, 37.1% and 17.1% 1-, 3- and 5-year survival, respectively) was lower than those with Cav-1-negative tumors (89.1%, 69.1% and 43.6% 1-, 3- and 5-year survival, respectively, P = 0.000). On the other hand, normal bronchial and alveolar epithelial cells were negative for pERK1/2. The expression rate of pERK1/2 in NSCLC was 61.3%, which was significantly higher than that in normal lung tissues (P = 0.000). The pERK1/2-positive rates in well to moderately differentiated tumors and poorly differentiated tumors was 53.1% and 71.4%, respectively (P = 0.021). The expression of pERK1/2 was much higher in patients with lymph node metastasis (80.6%, compared with 45.5% in lymph node-negative group, P = 0.000). The expression of pERK1/2 was also higher in stage III to IV than in stage I to II disease (76.8%, compared with 49.5%, P = 0.426). The overall survival of patients with pERK1/2-positive tumors (74.5%, 42.9% and 19.4% 1-, 3- and 5-year survival, respectively) was lower than those with pERK1/2-negative tumors (82.3%, 56.5% and 37.1% 1-, 3- and 5-year survival, respectively, P = 0.002). Cav-1 and pERK1/2 expression showed negative correlation (P = 0.000).

CONCLUSIONSCav-1 expression is lower in NSCLC than in normal lung tissue, whereas pERK1/2 expression is higher in NSCLC. Positive expression of Cav-1 and overexpression of pERK1/2 correlates with tumorigenesis and tumor progression of NSCLC. Cav-1 and pERK1/2 may serve as potential markers for predicting prognosis in NSCLC.

Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; Caveolin 1 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Cytoplasm ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; methods ; Lung Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; Lymph Nodes ; pathology ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Neoplasm Staging ; classification ; Prognosis

0.05)in the former part of the surgery that was before the beginning of the surgery via anterior route.But in group B,only propofol for sedation was used for the patients during the latter part of the surgery via the anterior route or while the nerve plexus was blocked; during this time in group A,the addition of fentanyl and vecuronium were still intermittently necessary to maintain the general anesthesia.The duration between the completion of surgery and the recovery of spontaneous breathing,times for initial conscious reaction such as opening the eyes following an order, extubation and from extubation to complete recovery were significantly shorter in group B than those in group A(all P

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of the platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on osteogenesis during bone distraction.

METHODSThe osteoblasts were cultured in vitro. The rabbits were used as the animal model of distraction osteogenesis. The proliferation of osteoblasts was analysed through MTT methods. The osteogenesis was observed by histochemical and histoimmunochemical methods.

RESULTSPRP stimulated the proliferation of osteoblasts and facilitated distraction osteogenesis.

CONCLUSIONSPRP could accelerate the osteogenesis during bone distraction. The application of PRP in clinical practice might shorten the period of distraction osteogenesis.

Animals ; Blood Platelets ; physiology ; Cells, Cultured ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Osteoblasts ; cytology ; metabolism ; Osteogenesis ; physiology ; Osteogenesis, Distraction ; Platelet Count ; Rabbits

To study the method for Rhesus box test and its significance, the sequence specific primers of upstream, downstream and hybrid Rhesus boxes were designed according to RhD gene sequence; the upstream, downstream and hybrid Rhesus boxes were determined by PCP-SSP and mismatched PCR. The results showed that this method was confirmed by DNA Standard test. It was shown that in unrelative RhD positive individuals RHD(+)/RHD(-), RHD(+)/RHD(+) genotype accounted for 9.00%, 91.00% respectively, and in RhD negative individuals RHD(+)/RHD(-), RHD(+)/RHD(+), RHD(-)/RHD(-) genotype were 26.14%, 3.92%, 69.94% respectively. It is concluded that the method of Rhesus box test was confirmed to be reliable and can be used for the identification of RhD haplotype gene structure, as well as for study on inheritance, clinical transfusion and neonatal hemolytic diseases.
Base Sequence ; Haplotypes ; Heterozygote ; Homozygote ; Humans ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Rh-Hr Blood-Group System ; analysis ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo explore the intrinsic connection between activation of classical nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway and gefitinib resistance in human lung adenocarcinoma H1650 cells.

METHODSHuman lung adenocarcinoma H1650 cells were exposed to gefitinib continuously for 60 days to obtain resistant H1650 cells. The expressions of P-IκBα, P-p50 and P-p65 in the cytoplasm or nuclei were detected using Western blotting in human lung adenocarcinoma HCC827 cells, parental H1650 cells and gefitinib-resistant H1650 cells. The effects of gefitinib alone or in combination with PDTC on the survival rate and expressions of NF-κB P-p50 and P-p65 were compared among the 3 cell lines.

RESULTSGefitinib-resistant H1650 cells showed increased cytoplasmic and nuclear P-IκBα expressions. The expressions of P-p50 and P-p65 differed significantly among the 3 cell line, decreasing in the order of resistant H1650 cells, parental H1650 cells, and gefitinib sensitive HCC827 cell lines (P<0.05 or 0.01). Treatment with gefitinib alone resulted in a significantly lower cell inhibition rate in resistant H1650 cells than in the parental H1650 cells (P<0.05) and HCC827 cells (P<0.01). The resistant H1650 cells had a significantly higher expression of P-p50 and P-p65 than other two cell lines (P<0.05). In both the resistant and parental H1650 cells, gefitinib significantly lowered P-p50 and P-p65 expressions (P<0.05 or 0.01), and the combined treatment with gefitinib and PDTC significantly decreased the cell survival rate and further lowered the cytoplasmic and nuclear expressions of P-p50 and P-p65 (P<0.01 or 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe activation of classical NF-κB pathway is a key factor contributing to transformation of the parental H1650 cells into gefitinib-resistant cells. Gefitinib combined with PDTC can inhibit P-IκBα production and NF-κB P-p50 and P-p65 activation to suppress the survival of residual H1650 cells and the generation of gefitinib-resistant cells.

Objective To explore the iodine level in the environment and the iodine status among the general population as well as the prevalence of thyroid nodules in Hangzhou city.Relationship between the prevalence of thyroid nodules and the policy of universal salt iodization in Hangzhou was also analyzed.Methods Questionnaire,a 3- day weighed dietary record method,and 3 days' 24- hour dietary recall method were used to understand the iodine nutrition status and dietary intake of iodine among the general population in the city.Drinking water,edible salt and morning urine were collected to determine iodine content.All objects under survey underwent the thyroid B ultrasonic examination.Statistical analysis was done by SPSS 13.0 and SAS 9.1.Results (1)In total,12 620 effective questionnaires were available,with 221 water samples,12 730 urine samples,and 3593 salt samples collected.12 515 objects underwent B ultrasonic examination,and 1848received dietary investigation.(2)Water iodine level of Hangzhou was in the range of 0.20-5.99 μg/L,with the median level as 2.58 μg/L.(3) Average daily dietary intake of iodine for adult males in Hangzhou was 289.2 lμg/d.The contribution of iodine intake from iodized salt was 74.4％.(4) The median of Hangzhou residents' urinary iodine was 178.80 μg/L,with the urinary iodine levels at 100 μg/L-,200 μg/L-,＜100 μg/L,and ≥300 μg/L groups were 37.14％,23.11％,21.05％,and 18.69％ respectively.Urinary iodine of pregnant women was 141.0 tg/L.(5) Incidence of thyroid nodules in females(28.6％ ) was higher than that of males(20.1％ ).The detection rate increased with age (6.4％ at group 6-,10.9％ at 12-,12.0％ at 18-,24.4％ at 40-,and 38.8％ at 65-) ; with the highest in urban area (29.8％),followed by suburbs (23.3％) and in rural area it showed the least (20.3％).Urinary iodine level was found lower among the population who had been detected with thyroid nodules (160.36 μ g/L) than those among the undetected population (182.00 μg/L).Conclusion Hangzhou appeared to be an area where the environmental was iodine deficient.Iodized salt was the major source of iodine intake.The iodine status among the general population seemed to be safe and suitable,but the iodine level for pregnant women was not sufficient.There was still no evidence indicating that the universal salt iodization policy in Hangzhou was associated with the prevalence of thyroid nodules.

OBJECTIVETo compare the efficacy of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) combining chemotherapy and As4S4 with ATRA combining chemotherapy for the maintenance treatment of patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL).

METHODSSixty patients with APL induced to complete remission by ATRA and consolidated by chemotherapy were randomly divided into two groups. Thirty patients as As4S4 group received ATRA + As4S4 + chemotherapy, and another thirty patients as non-As4S4 group were treated only with ATRA + chemotherapy as maintenance therapy. The therapeutic effects, side effects and PML-RARalpha gene expression were analyzed.

RESULTSThe three-year continuous complete remission (CCR) rate was 90.0% for As4S4 group and 61.1% for non-As4S4 group, the difference being statistically significant. Significant difference was also found in the positive rate of PML-RARalpha fusion gene between the two groups. The side effects were mild.

CONCLUSIONAPL patients in maintenance therapy with ATRA + 6-MP + MTX + As4S4 can obtain a higher CCR.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; Arsenicals ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute ; drug therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Remission Induction ; Sulfides ; therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome ; Tretinoin ; therapeutic use