Radiation therapy is one of the main therapeutic means of thoracic malignant tumors .When re-ceived certain radiation ,lung may cause the common complication of chest tumor radiotherapy -Radiation -in-duced Lung Injury ( RILI) ,which restricts the radiation dose for the tumor region and may affect patient outcomes . RILI is closely associated with multiple cytokines ,such as interleukin family,tumor necrosis factor,transforming growth factor,etc.Currently,research on RILI control methods has also made some breakthrough ,this article elab-orates on this individually .

Acupuncture Therapy ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Radiotherapy ; adverse effects ; Tonsillar Neoplasms ; radiotherapy ; Xerostomia ; etiology ; therapy

Objective To discuss the role of assistance of intraoperative uitrasonography in ret-roperitoneal laparoscopic nephron-sparing surgery for renal tumors. Methods The intraoperative laparoscopic ultrasonography was applied in retroperitoneal nephron-sparing surgery for 20 patients, of whom 11 were men and 9 were women. The average age was 53(range 33 to 73) years. There were 12 patients with renal cell carcinoma and the mean tumor size was 2.9(range 1.4 to 4.6)cm in diame-ter. All of them were staged as T1 N0 M0. Seven patients had angiomyolipoma and the mean tumor size was 4.5(range 1.8 to 8.0)cm in diameter and 1 patient had a 3.1 cm oncocytoma in diameter. The ul-trasonography was used to locate the tumor, observe the bloodstream and detect whether there were small satellite tumors. The surgical time, time of renal artery occlusion and operative effect were ob-served. Results Laparoscopic surgery was successful in all cases without conversion to open surger-y. Mean operative time was 115 (range 85 to 270) min, mean time of renal artery occlusion was 28 (range 22 to 50) min. During the mean followup of 16(range 4 to 30) months, no patients with renal cell carcinoma had local or port site recurrence or metastatic disease. Conclusion In retroperitoneal laparoscopic nephron-sparing surgery, the intraoperative uhrasonography is helpful to locate the tumor in the surgery, to estimate whether the renal artery is occluded completely and to excise the tumor pre-cisely.

OBJECTIVETo examine the expression of mRNA of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in a rat model of hyperoxia-induced retinopathy and to investigate the role of VEGF in the process of neovascularization in retinopathy.

METHODSOne hundred fifty one-day-old neonatal Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into hyperoxia-induced retinopathy and normal control groups. The rats in the retinopathy group were exposed to (80 +/- 2)% oxygen for 7 days and then replaced by room air. The rats in the control group were exposed to room air all the time of the experiment. The morphologic changes of retinal vessels were estimated by observing the vascular pattern in adenosine diphosphate ase (ADPase) stained retina flat mounts. The newborn vessels were quantified by haematoxylin and eosin staining. Reversal transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect the VEGF mRNA expression.

RESULTSIn the retinopathy group at 7 days of age, most of central radial vessels became constricted and blocked, and central perfusion decreased obviously. After switching to room air exposure for 7 days (14 days of age), noticeable retinal neovascularization appeared. The expression of VEGF mRNA in the retinopathy group at 7 days of hyperoxia exposure was noticeably lower than in the control group, and increased gradually after switching to room air exposure. At 9 and 14 days of age, the expression of VEGF mRNA in the retinopathy group was noticeably higher than in the control group. The expression of retinal VEGF mRNA in the retinopathy group increased before neovascularization occurred, and decreased with regression of new vessels.

CONCLUSIONSHyperoxia exposure may decrease the transcription of VEGF mRNA and the growth of retinal blood vessels. The relative hypoxia after hyperxia withdrawal can up-regulate the transcription of VEGF mRNA, resulting in a significant retinal neovascularization. The abnormal expression of VEGF in the retina may play an important role in the development of neovascularization in retinopathy.

Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperoxia ; complications ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; RNA, Messenger ; analysis ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Retina ; pathology ; Retinal Neovascularization ; Retinopathy of Prematurity ; metabolism ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; genetics

The five-flavor theory of traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) and the flavor efficacy generation mechanism has long been focuses and difficulties in studies on traditional Chinese medicinal properties. In this paper, by using the pharmacophore-based virtual screening technique, the authors discussed the relations between the pungent property and transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) by studying the TCM components' role in regulating TRPV1 ion channel. The results showed that the matching relationship between TRPV1 agonist pharmacophore model and TCM chemical components could identify the active ingredients from pungent herbs. Therefore, the authors proposed that TRPV1 is one of the potential targets for efficient pungent herbs. The pungent property of TCMs is decided by its chemical components, and consistent with the inherited and additive characteristics.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Smell ; TRPV Cation Channels ; antagonists & inhibitors ; metabolism ; Taste

Adolescent ; Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplantation ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Hypertensive Encephalopathy ; etiology ; Male ; Transplantation, Homologous

Objective To investigate the spiral CT findings in hemopathic patients with druginduced pulmonary injury.Methods CT images obtained in 11patients with drug-induced pulmonary injury were retrospectively analyzed.Six patients had antineoplastic agent-induced pulmonary injury and 5 patients had non-neoplastic agent-induced pulmonary injury (immunosuppressor in 2 patients,antifungal in 2 patients,antineoplastic immunomodulators in 1 patient).CT findings were reviewed by a chest radiologist.Results All 11patients had parenchymal abnormalities on MSCT scans,including ground-glass opacities( n =8 ),consolidation( n =5 ),interlobular septal thickening( n =3 ) and focal fibrosis ( n =2 ).The abnormalities were bilateral and asymmetric in all patients.They were mainly in the peripheral lung regions in 6 patients,in the central lung regions in four,and irregularly located in one.The abnormalities involved mainly the lower lung zones in six patients,the upper lung zones in two,and all lung zones homogeneously in three.One patient had fluid in bilateral pleural cavities.Three patients were given the same agent once more after the imaging turned to normal,and they presented with same clinical symptoms and similar but more serious imaging findings.Conclusions Drug-induced pulmonary injury usually manifests as areas of ground-glass opacity and consolidation,which most commonly involves the peripheral lungs and lower lung zones.Drug-induced pulmonary injury shows reproducible but more serious lesions when the patient is given the same agent once more.

Objective To find out the prevalence of bullying behaviors among urban middle school students in China. Methods An anonymous questionnaire survey was conducted among middle school students selected by multiply stage cluster random sampling in 18 provinces in China. 187 328 self- administration questionnaires were finished by students from grade 7 to 12 in urban middle school(male,86 472; female, 91 106), in which 177 578 were valid. Results Bullying was common in urban middle school students in China. Multiple bullying behavior also existed. About 66.1% of boys and 48.8% of girls suffered from one or more kinds of bullying; 8.1% of boys and 2.9% of girls suffered from four or more kinds of bullying. Boys were more likely to be bullied than girls. Malicious teasing was the most common bullying behavior(43.2%), followed by sexual bullying behavior(27.0%). In addition to malicious teasing and sexual bullying, the prevalence of other types of bullying declined when the grade was increasing. Residential students were more likely to be maliciously teased, excluded or isolated and sexual bullied than non-residential students. Students from single-parent or recomposed-families were more likely to be bullied than other students. Male and ordinary school students, students living with single or step-parents were more likely to suffer multiple bullying behaviors at the same time. Conclusion The suggesting among students was associated with personal, familiar and social factors, mobilize more social forces and comprehensive actions to be taken to prevent bullying among students.

Objective To investigate the possible mechanism of aggregation and activation of neu-trophils(polymorphonuclear neutrophils,PMN)in mice with chlamydial pneumonitis. Methods C57BL/ 6 mice were inoculated intranasally with 3×103 inclusion-forming units(IFU)of Chlamydia muridarum(Cm) to induce the murine model of chlamydial pneumonitis. Samples of lung tissues collected at different time points after infection were stained by hematoxylin and eosin for histopathological assessment of inflammation. The levels of myelo-peroxidase(MPO)were detected for the evaluation of PMN aggregation. The mononu-clear cells were isolated from lung tissues. The inflammatory cells were counted with Giemsaˊs staining. CD11b+Gr1+ cell population and CD11b expression in lung mononuclear cells were analyzed by flow cytome-try. The expression of chemokines(MIP-2,LIX,KC and MCP-1)in lung tissues at mRNA level was meas-ured by RT-PCR. Results Chlamydial pneumonitis was induced in mice by intranasal inoculation of 3×103 IFU of Cm. Compared with the mice from control group,large amounts of inflammatory cells including PMN, monocytes and lymphocytes were induced in lung tissues of mice with Cm infection. PMN responded earlier than monocytes to the infection. The levels of MPO were significantly increased in mice with Cm infection and reached the highest level on the 7th day after infection. A decline in MPO levels was observed on the 14th day but the levels were still higher than those on day 0. The percentages and total numbers of CD11b+Gr1+ cells were significantly increased after Cm infection. Moreover,an increased expression of PMN CD11b was also detected by flow cytometry. The expression of chemokines(MIP-2,LIX,KC and MCP-1)was in-creased in lung tissues of mice after Cm infection. The results of the study indicated that Cm infection in-duced the expression of PMN chemoattractants,resulting in the recruitment of PMN. Conclusion The infil-tration and activation of PMN in lung tissues of mice were induced by Cm infection through increasing the ex-pression of chemokines. PMN played an important role in immune responses against Cm infection.

Objective To explore the role of pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) siRNA in the radiosensitivity of human lung cancer A549 cells.Methods PKM2 siRNA was synthesized according to the coding sequence of PKM2 mRNA and then was transferred into A549 cells with lipofectamine.The expressions of PKM2 gene and protein was detected by RT-PCR and Western blot,respectively.The experiments were divided into PKM2 siRNA interference group,siRNA negative control group,and blank control group.The cells of each group were exposure to 6 MV X-rays in different dose.Radiosensitivity was evaluated by colony formation assay.Flow cytometry was applied to analyze cell cycle distribution and apoptosis.Data are representative of three independent experiments.Results Ccompared with blank control cells,the expressions of PKM2 gene and protein in the PKM2 siRNA transferred A549 cell was efficiently diminished (t =20.91,47.00,P ＜0.01) with inhibition rates of (70.27 ± 1.38)％ and (70.42 ± 1.18) ％,respectively.Compared with control,PKM2 siRNA transfection significantly decreased the D0,Dq,N and SF2 values (t =43.82,28.44,15.60,29.63,P ＜ 0.01) and hence yield a sensitization enhancement ratio (SER) of 1.27.In addition,the percentage of G2/M phase cells in the siRNA group and irradiated group were both significantly higher than that of the blank control group (t =8.35,27.87,P ＜ 0.01).The combined treatments of PKM2 siRNA interference and irradiation arrested more cells in the G2/M phase compared to either treatment alone.The apoptosis rate of siRNA group was not dramatically different from that of blank control group.The apoptosis rate of irradiation group was higher than that of blank control group (t =23.99,P ＜ 0.01),and the combined treatments of siRNA and irradiation enhanced the apoptotic rate compared to either treatment alone (t=9.42,65.21,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions Specific blockage of PKM2 expression by gene silencing could enhance the sensitivity of human lung cancer A549 cells to radiotherapy in vitro,which may due to the cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction after irradiation.