Objective To investigate the expression of insulin-like growth factor Ⅱ mRNA binding protein 3 (IMP3) in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer and its relationship with the tumor recurrence and progression.Methods IMP3 protein expression was detected by immunohistochemistry in 130 cases of nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer specimens who underwent transurethral resection the first time at Beijing Chao-Yang hospital,from October 2010 to October 2013.Besides,we analyzed 20 cases of muscle-invasive samples and 20 benign tissues adjacent to cancer as control.The 130 patients were followed up by telephone and other methods.According to the UICC-TNM standard.Survival analysis was calculated by using the Kaplan-Meier method,and the difference in survival curves was analyzed by using the log-rank test.For multiple analyses,The Cox proportional hazards regression model was used.Results The positive expression rate of IMP3 in 130 patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer was 59.2％ (77/130),of which 30.0％ (39/130) was weak expression,29.2％ (38/130) was strong.However there was 80.0％ (16/20) in muscle-invasive specimens,of which 20.0％ (4/20) was weak,60.0％ (12/20) was strong (P =0.011).IMP3 was not detected in all benign tissues adjacent to cancer (P ＜0.001).All the 130 patients were followed-up for 5 to 69 mnonths,45 cases experienced disease recurrence,20 patients had progressed and 12 cases died.IMP3 expression was significantly related to higher tumor stage (P ＜ 0.001),high tumor grade (P =0.014),and tumor recurrence (P =0.003).Kaplan-Meier plots and log-rank tests showed that patients with IMP3-positive tumors had a lower disease-free survival (P =0.002) and progression-free survival rate (P =0.010) than those with IMP3-negative tumors.In the multivariable Cox analysis,we found that IMP3 protein was an independent predictor of disease-free survival (P =0.010) in non-muscle invasive urothelial carcinoma of bladder.Conclusions IMP3 was not expressed in benign tissue adjacent to cancer,whereas highly expressed in bladder cancer,and high IMP3 expression is an independent prognostic factor in NMIBC that can identify the patients with a high potential to relapse.

OBJECTIVETo study whether the analgesis of oxymatrine (OMT) affects N-type voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs).

METHODSTotally 45 mice were randomly divided into the sham-operation group, the model group [established by partial sciatic nerve ligation (PSNL)] , and the OMT treatment group according to random digit table, 15 in each group. The dorsal root ganglions (DRG) were separated in PSNL pain model mice. Intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) was determined with Fluo-3 AM immunofluorescent probe in cultured DRG neurons. Different protein expression levels of N-type (Cav2. 2) and L-type ( Cav1. 3) among VGCCs from brain and DRG tissues were detected with Western blot.

RESULTSCompared with the sham-operation group, [Ca2+]i, increased in cultured DRG neurons (P <0. 05) , protein expression levels of Cav2. 2 in the brain tissue increased (P <0. 05), protein expression levels of Cav2. 2 in DRG tissues decreased in the model group (P <0. 01). Compared with the model group, [Ca2+]i, decreased in cultured DRG neurons (P < 0. 05), protein expression levels of Cav2. 2 in the brain tissue decreased (P <0. 01), protein expression levels of Cav2. 2 in DRG tissues increased in the OMT treatment group (P <0. 01). There was no statistical difference in Cav1. 3 expressions in cultured DRG neurons and the brain (P >0. 05).

CONCLUSIONAnalgesic effect of OMT might be related to Cav2. 2 channel mediated calcium ion flux.

Alkaloids ; pharmacology ; Analgesia ; methods ; Analgesics ; pharmacology ; Aniline Compounds ; Animals ; Calcium ; Calcium Channels, N-Type ; physiology ; Ganglia, Spinal ; Mice ; Neurons ; Pain ; Quinolizines ; pharmacology ; Xanthenes

AIM: To observe the effect of intravenous methylprednisolone combined with peri - orbital injection of triamcinolone acetonide for diffuse - type orbital inflammatory pseudotumor.
METHODS: Diffuse - type orbital inflammatory pseudotumor in 15 cases ( 19 eyes ) were treated. Intravenous implosive methylprednisolone therapy (0. 5g/ d) was used in the first 3d, and 0. 5g once a week in the following 3wk, ended by 0. 25g once a week in the last 6wk, which meant the total dose was 4. 5g and the whole course lasted for 10wk. At the same time, peri - orbital injection of triamcinolone acetonide ( 40mg ) was performed once in every 3wk, totally 2-4 times.
RESULTS: Eight eyes from 7 cases were completely cured, 11 eyes from 8 cases were partly cured. No recurrence and severe complications were observed in the treatment duration.
CONCLUSION: Intravenous methylprednisolone combined with peri - orbital injection of triamcinolone acetonide is effective, safe and feasible in treatment of diffuse type orbital pseudotumor with less complications.

In order to investigate the comprehensive quality differences of the seeds harvested in different growing time, and offer theoretical guide for the optimization of seeds' production technology, we analyzed the apparent size, 1 000-grain weight, water absorbency, germination indexes, postharvest embryo rate change, relatively contents of coumarins and the yield of single plant of its seeds of different harvesting time, and compared their comprehensive quality by Topsis analysis. The results showed that there existed obvious differences in yield and quality between seeds of 3 harvesting times. While the harvesting time postponed, the yield of single plant raised, and the shrunken seeds rate decreased, the quality of seedlings increased, while the contents of coumarins showed a steady increase, and the germination rate decreased. The comprehensive quality of the seeds harvested in the black ripe time rank the first place, followed by the brown ripe time and the yellow ripe time. As the harvesting time delays, the seeds' comprehensive quality increases, therefore, we could put off the seeds' harvesting time properly for the high efficient seed production.
Bupleurum ; growth & development ; metabolism ; physiology ; Germination ; Plant Proteins ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Quality Control ; Seeds ; growth & development ; metabolism ; physiology ; Solubility ; Time Factors ; Water ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo explore the analgesia of oxymatrine (OMT) affecting high voltage-dependent calcium channels (HVDCCs) and GABA release under neuropathic pain condition.

METHODSTotally 66 C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into the sham-operation group, the model group, and the OMT group, 22 in each group. Neuropathic pain models were established by partial sciatic nerve ligation (PSNL). Hind paw plantar mechanical response threshold (MWT) was measured by up-and-down method with Von-Frey filament. mRNA expression of HVDCCs in brains and spinal cords was detected with Real-time PCR and concentration of GABA was determined using ELISA kit.

RESULTSCompared with day 0, the left hind paw MWTwas decreased on day 7, 10, and 14 in the model group (P < 0.05). Compared with the sham-operation group, the left hind paw MWT was significantly reduced in the model group on day 7 (P < 0.05). The MWT of PSNL ipsilateral hind paw was decreased on day 7 before OMT administration, when compared with day 0 (P < 0.05), and increased after OMT administration (P < 0.05). Compared with the sham-operation group, mRNA levels of Cav1.2, Cav1.3, Cav2.1, and Cav2.3 in brain tissues were increased and those of Cav2.2 were decreased significantly in the model group (P < 0.05). In spinal cord tissues, mRNA levels of Cav1.2 and Cav1.3 were increased, but those of Cav2.1, Cav2.2, and Cav2. 3 were decreased significantly in the model group, when compared with those of the sham-operation group (P < 0.05). Compared with the model group, mRNA levels of Cavl.2, Cavl.3, Cav2.1, and Cav2. 3 in brain tissues were decreased, and those of Cav2.2 were increased significantly in the OMT group (P < 0.05). In spinal cord tissues of the OMT group, mRNA levels of Cav1.3 decreased and those of Cav2.1, Cav2.2, and Cav2.3 increased significantly with statistical difference, when compared with those of the model group (P < 0.05). Compared with the sham-operation group, GABA levels in brain tissues decreased in the model group (P < 0.05). Compared with the model group, GABA levels in brain tissues increased in the OMT group (P < 0.05). There was no statistical difference in GABA levels of spinal cord tissues among these groups (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSOMT had analgesic effect on neuropathic pain, which might be probably related to HVDDCs. Cav2.2 might directly affect GABA release.

Alkaloids ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Analgesia ; methods ; Animals ; Calcium ; Calcium Channels ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Neuralgia ; drug therapy ; Pain Management ; Quinolizines ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Spinal Cord ; metabolism ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid

Bilirubin ; blood ; Breast Feeding ; Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Jaundice, Neonatal ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Male

Microwaves can be directly transformed into heat inside materials because of their ability of penetrating into any substance. The degree that materials are heated depends on their dielectric properties. Materials with high dielectric loss are more easily to reach a resonant state by microwaves field, then microwaves can be absorbed efficiently. Microwave irradiation technique with the unique heating mechanisms could induce drug-polymer interaction and change the properties of dissolution. Many benefits such as improving product quality, increasing energy efficiency and reducing times can be obtained by microwaves. This paper summarized characteristics of the microwave irradiation technique, new preparation techniques and formulation process in pharmaceutical industry by microwave irradiation technology. The microwave technology provides a new clue for heating and drying in the field of pharmaceutics.
Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; Drug Discovery ; instrumentation ; methods ; Microwaves ; Pharmaceutical Preparations ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; methods

AIM: To investigate the influence of serum apolipoprotein (apo) CII concentrations on the distribution of serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) subclasses. METHODS: Serum HDL subclasses in 247 subjects were determined by two dimensional gel electrophoresis-immunodetection. RESULTS: With the increase in serum apolipoprotein CII levels, age, BMI, the contents of TG, TC, apoB100, apoCII, apoCIII, apoE, preβ_1-HDL, preβ_2-HDL, HDL_3b and HDL_3a increased significantly, but the contents of HDL-C, HDL_(2a) and HDL_(2b) decreased remarkably. The contents of preβ_1-HDL increased with the rise in apoCII and apoA I levels, whereas the content of HDL_(2b) increased with the rise in serum apoA I level in the same apoC II group, but decreased with the increase in serum apolipoprotein CII level in the same apoA I group. With the increase in the ratio of apoCII/ apoCIII, the content of preβ_1-HDL elevated, but the content of HDL_(2b) decreased. The correlation analysis illustrated that the apoCII level was positively correlated with preβ_1-HDL (r=0.186, P<0.01), but inversely correlated with HDL_(2b) (r=-0.149, P<0.05). The apoA I level was positively associated with all HDL subclasses (r in the range of 0.349-0.587, P<0.01). In addition, the apoCIII level was positively correlated with preβ_1-HDL (r=0.184, P<0.01) and preβ_2-HDL (r=0.178, P<0.01), while the apoE level was positively correlated with HDL_(3a) (r=0.040, P<0.05). The apoB100 level was inversely correlated with HDL_(2a) (r=-0.102, P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The particles of HDL show a general shift towards smaller size with the increase in apoCII levels, indicating that the maturation of HDL is abnormal. Whereas the contents of apoA I level correct the effect of apoCII on the distribution profile of HDL subclasses. The ratio of apoCII/apoCIII might also been taken as one of the indexes reflecting the distribution profile of serum HDL subclasses.

Objective To study the prevalence of HIV-1 drug-resistant strains in antiretroviral therapy-naive HIV-1 infectors,and provide background information for HIV-1 drug resistance survey and clin-ical antiretroviral therapy in Beijing in 2008. Methods Referring to the guidelines for HIV drug resistance threshold survey(HIVDR-TS) of WHO, collecting 60-70 plasma samples of HIV-1 infectors who were detec-ted in 6 months and not more than 25 years,we detected HIV-1 pol genotype and genetic mutations associated with drug resistance,counted the prevalence of drug-resistant strains, and evaluated the prevalent level. Re-Sults Of 61 plasma samples answering for the standards, 50 were successfully sequenced and genotyped pol sequence. The major infection route was homosex, which accounted for 62%. B, CRF01_AE, and CRF07_ BC were major genetic subtype, which accounted for 42%, 28% and 26%, respectively. One Pl-resistant strain was found, the incidence of which was 2% (1/50). One NRTI-resistant strain was found, the inci-dence of which was 2% (1/50). No NRTI-resistant strain was found, the incidence of which was 0. The in-cidence of drug-resistant strains in the protease (PR) region was 2%, and the incidence of reverse tran-scriptase (RT) region was also 2%. Both of the prevalence were classified as low level ( <5% ). Conclu-sion PR, RT-resistant HIV-1 strains were found in drug-naive infectors, and the prevalence was low in Beijing. Current antiretrovirai therapy regiments were still feasible. Most of the AIDS patients did not need to test drug resistance before antiretroviral therapy.

Objective To understand the status of resistance to multiple insecticides and the frequencies of kdr mutations in Culex pipiens pallens from north?central Anhui Province. Methods From July to September,2014,the C. pipiens pallens mosquito larvae were collected in Huaibei,Bengbu and Chuzhou cities of the north?central Anhui Province and reared to adults. The female adult mosquitoes at 3-5 days post emergence were tested for susceptibility to the four insecticides,namely 0.05%deltamethrin,5%malathion,0.1%bendiocarb and 4%DDT,by using the standard WHO resistance tube bioassay. The detec?tion of the point mutations of the kdr gene at codon 1014 was conducted by PCR and DNA sequencing in the deltamethrin?resis?tant and?susceptible mosquitoes. Results High levels of resistance to all the four insecticides were found in all the three tested populations,although mosquito mortality varied among populations and test insecticides. Among the test insecticides,DDT showed lowest mortality with no significant difference(F=1.027,P>0.05)in all test populations,whereas significantly differ?ent mortalities were observed among populations for the remained three insecticides tested(deltamethrin,malathion,and ben?diocarb)(F = 23.823,33.955,128.841;all P < 0.01). Two types of non?synonymous kdr mutation at codon position 1014 (L1014F and L1014S)were observed. A positive correlation between L1014F mutation frequencies and deltamethrin resistance levels were detected in the three mosquito populations(r2=0.718,P<0.01). Conclusions The observed high levels of resis?tance to multiple?insecticides coupled with the occurrence of medium to high kdr frequencies in populations of C. pipiens pallens could profoundly affect the mosquito vector control programme in China. The local health departments need to strengthen vector dynamic monitoring and implement rational resistance management strategies.