Objective To establish a population pharmacokinetics model of azithromycin in Chinese population.Methods Based on the dataset from a bioequivalence study held in the Chinese healthy volunteers,the nonlinear mixed effect model of azithromycin oral formulations was constructed by the NONMEM program.The pharmacokinetic parameters and the relationship between the inter-individual effects and fixed effects were estimated.Resuits A two compartment model with firstorder absorption and elimination was established.The body weight affects the CL_1 and CL_2,and age affects the V1 evidently.Conclusion A nonlinear mixed effect model for oral azithromycin formulations Was developed for the Chinese healthy population.

AIMTo study the effects of genistein on proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts in neonatal rat calvaria cultures.

METHODSOsteoblasts were isolated from neonatal rat calvaria through trypsin and collagenase digestion, and cultured in the presence of different doses of genistein (10(-5) mol/L, 10(-6) mol/L and 10(-7) mol/L). The proliferation and DNA and collagen synthesis of osteoblasts were assayed by MTT method and 3H-TdR and 3H-proline incorporation. The activity of ALP were measured by ALP assay kit.

RESULTSGenistein significantly increased osteoblast 3H-TdR and 3H-proline incorporation and MTT, 10(-6) mol/L genistein increased ALP activity.

CONCLUSIONGenistein increased osteoblast DNA and collagen synthesis in neonatal rat calvaria cultures, and promoted osteoblast proliferation and differentiation.

Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; drug effects ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Collagen ; biosynthesis ; DNA ; biosynthesis ; Genistein ; pharmacology ; Osteoblasts ; cytology ; drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

OBJECTIVETo compare the effects of small fenestra stapedotomy with semiconductor diode laser and microdrill in patients with otosclerosis.

METHODSTwenty-six patients (29 ears) undergoing stapedotomy with semiconductor diode laser and 19 patients (21 ears) with microdrill were compared for the hearing results and complication rates.

RESULTSNo statistically significant differences were found in postoperative speech frequency and high frequency pure tone average in closing the air-bone gap between the two groups. The ears treated by stapedotomy with semiconductor diode laser showed significantly better preoperative minus the postoperative air-bone gap and milder dizziness.

CONCLUSIONIn spite of the good hearing outcomes in both groups, small fenestra stapedotomy with semiconductor diodelaser can achieve better results and reduce the incidence of complications.

Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Fenestration, Labyrinth ; methods ; Hearing Tests ; Humans ; Lasers, Semiconductor ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Otosclerosis ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Stapes Surgery ; instrumentation ; methods ; Young Adult

Objective To analyze systematically the existing classification criteria and assessment tools for osteoarthritis (OA).Methods Comprehensively searched and screened the available classification criteria and assessment tools reported in OA guidelines,textbooks,including secondary and original researchs.We collected and summarized the extracted data with the methods of scoping review and also used Excel software for qualitative analysis.Results A total of 63 OA guidelines,1 textbook,239 secondary or original researches,160 supplementary records were retrieved.The 5 classification criteria and 15 systematic reviews of assessment tools (855 assessment tools) were finally included.Conclusion The existing classification criteria lack a rigorous and transparent development process,and they are also too complicate to guide clinical treatment.We suggest that the development and improvement of OA classification criteria should be linked with the streamlined assessment tools,and conduct trials to test in clinical practice.

Objective To observe the effect of breathing exercise based on core strength training on nonspecific low back pain (NLBP). Methods From January to June, 2017, 60 patients with NLBP were randomly divided into control group (n=30) and ob-servation group (n=30). The control group accepted core strength training, and the observation group accepted breathing exercise in addition, for four weeks. They were assessed with Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Oswes-try Disability Index (ODI) before and after treatment, and their efficiency was compared. Results The scores of VAS decreased in both groups after treatment (t>4.173, P<0.001), and the scores of ODI de-creased in the observation group (t=3.875, P<0.01). The scores of both VAS and ODI were less in the observa-tion group than in the control group (t>2.595, P<0.05). The efficiency was better in the observation group than in the control group (χ2=3.874, P<0.05). Conclusion Breathing exercise based on core strength training can further improve function and relieve pain in patients with NLBP.

Adolescent ; Adult ; China ; HIV Infections ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Male ; Rural Population ; Sexual Behavior ; Single Person ; Young Adult

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; complications ; Humans ; Hyaluronic Acid ; blood ; Interferon-alpha ; therapeutic use ; Interferon-gamma ; therapeutic use ; Laminin ; blood ; Liver Cirrhosis ; blood ; drug therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; RNA, Messenger ; blood ; Recombinant Proteins

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effect of autologous bone marrow-derived stem cell (BMSCs) transplantation in the treatment of liver failure and decompensated hepatic cirrhosis.

METHODSBone marrow was harvested (65-95 ml) from 24 patients in the transplantation group. The BMSCs were isolated and infused into liver or spleen of patients via hepatic or splenic artery. At different time points after the transplantation, the patients' liver function and prothrombin time (PT) were evaluated, and the survival rate and symptoms of the patients were recorded.

RESULTSAll the serum biochemical indexes remained stable 2 weeks after the transplantation, and at 4 weeks after transplantation, albumin level increased significantly in comparison with the preoperative level (P<0.05). At 12 weeks, the albumin level further increased (P<0.01) along with Pre-ALB (P<0.01), while total bilirubin, tolal bile acid, PT and fibrinogen were all significantly lowered (P<0.05), and globulin, ALT, and AST remained unchanged (P>0.05). One week after the transplantation, improved appetite was observed in 22 cases (91.67%), and 21 cases (87.5%) showed better physical strength; at 2 weeks, hepatic face improved in 15 cases (62.5%), and spider telangiectasia was significantly reduced in one case; at 12 weeks, the survival rate of the patients was 62.5%, and 9 died or gave up treatment due to chronic liver failure complicated by spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, hepatorenal syndrome, or DIC. No complications associated with the transplantation occurred in these patients.

CONCLUSIONBMSC transplantation can significantly improve the liver function of patients with terminal liver disease with good safety and effectiveness.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Bone Marrow Transplantation ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Liver Failure ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Liver Function Tests ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Stem Cell Transplantation ; methods ; Transplantation, Autologous ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

The effects of illumination on growth of Anabaena sp. IB02 and hTNF-alpha expression were studied. Photosynthetic activity, PS I and PS II activity of Anabaena sp. IB02 were assayed. Illumination enhanced the growth of Anabaena sp. IB02 and hTNF-a expression. Some relations were observed between hTNF-alpha expression and ture photosynthesis activity, PS I, PS II activity of Anabaena sp. IB02. Significant differences of the photosynthetic activity of host were detected simultaneously when hTNF-a expressed: the respiration rate increased (-68%), the light saturation point descended (+66%), all these suggested that the metabolic charge of host were increased and grow faster than wild type under low illumination.
Anabaena ; genetics ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Humans ; Light ; Photosynthesis ; Photosystem I Protein Complex ; analysis ; Photosystem II Protein Complex ; analysis ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; genetics

AIMTo investigate the effects of genistein on bone mineralization in ovariectomized rats.

METHODSForty-seven Wistar rats were randomly allocated into six groups: sham-operated (sham), ovariectomized (ovx), ovariectomized supplied with diethyl stilbestrol (E, 20 microg x kg bw(-1) x d(-1)) or genistein (25, 50, 100 mg x kg bw(-1) x d(-1)). After the rats had been fed for three months, analysis of the bone mineral density, parameters related to mineralization, bone content of Ca, P, Mg, Mn and Zn and serum concentration of parathyroid calcitonin and estrogen was performed.

RESULTSBone mineral density, bone Ca, P, Zn and Mg content and serum estrogen concentration in ovariectomized rats were significantly decreased, but mean osteoid width increased, mineralization lag time and osteoid maturation period prolonged compared with sham animals. After three months supplementation to ovariectomized rats, bone Ca, P and Mg content increased, mean osteoid width decreased, mineralization lag time and osteoid maturation period shortened compared with ovariectomized animals.

CONCLUSIONGenistein promotes bone mineralization by increasing bone Ca, P, Mg and adjusting serum calcitonin to prevent osteoporosis.

Animals ; Bone Density ; drug effects ; Bone Resorption ; Calcification, Physiologic ; drug effects ; Female ; Genistein ; pharmacology ; Ovariectomy ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar