Drug safety has always been a global focus. Discovery and accurate information acquisition of adverse drug reaction have been the most crucial concern. Terminology of adverse drug reaction makes adverse reaction medical report meaningful, standardized and accurate. This paper discussed the domestic use of the terminology WHOART and MedDRA in terms of content, structure, and application situation. It also analysed the differences between the two terminologies and discusses the future trend of application in our country
Dictionaries, Medical ; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions ; Terminology as Topic ; World Health Organization

Exercise Test ; Female ; Heart Sounds ; physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Phonocardiography ; methods ; Pregnancy ; Stress, Physiological ; physiology ; Young Adult

Objective To assess the value of ultrasound examination in transvaginal diagnosis of normal fetal heart with 11-14 weeks of gestation.Methods Totally 158 cases of normal fetal heart with high risk pregnancy and nuchal translucency thickness were examined by two ultrasoud approaches:transvaginal(TVS) and tranabdomina(TAS) in 11-14 weeks of gestation.Results The group of TVS was obviously clearer than TAS by displaying the normal fetal cardiac structural in 12 week of gestation and 13-14 weeks of gestation with significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05),respectively.No significant difference between the two groups in 11 week of gestation was observed.Conclusion The transvaginal echocardiogram is of clinical value in the high risk gravida during the late first and the early second trimester.

The effects of surfactants on the production of cellulase by Trichoderma viride in liquid substrate fermentation process were investigated. Straw was used as the sole carbon source and the surfactants were biosurfactant rhamnolipid from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Tween 80. The changes of FPA,CMCase,Avicelase and surface tension with time were analyzed under different concentrations of the two surfactants. The results showed that the surfactants can enhance the enzyme activity of Trichoderma viride. The FPA,CMCase,Avicelase were promoted 1.08,1.6 and 1.03 times higher than the controls by rhamnolipid. The enhancement of the enzyme activity by rhamnolipid was much higher than that of Tween 80. At the same time,rhamnolipid was not degraded prior to other substrate.

Objective To establish a specific fluorescence quantitative method for determining the mRNA expression of Toll-like receptor3(TLR3)in peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs).Methods Using the Beacon Designer 2.1 software,specific primers and Taqman-MGB probe were designed.The plasmid pMD18-T-TLR3 was constructed as calibrator and the amplified fragment was obtained by reverse- transcript-PCR(RT-PCR).RNA quantification based on cycle threshold values(Ct)was used to establish the standard curve.According to which,the TLR3 mRNA levels in 30 normal individuals,20 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis(PBC)and 20 ones with chronic liver cirrhosis induced by HBV were calculated automatically by software after the fluorescence of PCR product was detected continuously during amplification.Results The linear detection range of the assay for TLR3 gene and ?-actin was 10~2-10~8(r= -0.9974)and 10~3～10~8(r=-0.9984),respectively.The coefficient of variation of both intra-and inter- assay reproducibility for high concentration sample were 6.7% and 8.7%,respectively,and those for low concentration sample were 12.3% and 14.0%.The TLR3 mRNA expression level ranges from 3.46?10~2- 4.51?10~3 copies/?g RNA,4.92?10~2-1.42?10~4 copies/?g RNA and 2.58?10~2-7.17?10~3 copies/?g RNA for 30 healthy individuals,20 PBC patients and 20 ones with chronic liver cirrhosis induced by HBV, respectively.Conclusion We have successfully set up a FQ-RT-PCR method for detecting TLR3 mRNA, which may be used as an excellent tool for the clinic and basic study on the expression of TLR3 gene.

Objective To analyze the pathological and clinical characteristics of patients with idiopathic IgA nephropathy accompanied by vasculitic/crescentic lesion (IgA-V/C). Methods Data of 222 patients diagnosed as idiopathic IgA nephropathy by renal biopsy, among them 87 cases with vasculitic/crescenlic (V/C)lesion, from our department in 2004 were analyzed retrospectively. Clinical and pathological data from patients with IgA-V/C were compared to those of non-IgA-V/C patients and of lupus nephritis (LN) patients with V/C lesion. Results Vasculitic/crescentic lesion was found in 39.19% (87/222) patients with idiopathic IgA nephropathy.And about( 14.08?12.75)% of the glomeruli was affected. It should be taken into account that there was no significant differences of clinical manifestations including blood pressure, urinary protein excretion between IgA-V/C group and non-IgA-V/C group .except serum creatinine(Scr)level which was significantly higher in IgA-V/C group. In addition, only 37.9% of IgA-V/C patients presented high Scr level,thus the lesion of V/C in idiopathic IgA nephropathy was easily overlooked. Patients with idiopathic IgA nephropathy were found to have higher percentage of glomerular sclerosis (64.86% vs 40.00%) and ratio of sclerostic glomeruli to total glomeruli [ (26.98 ?24.68)% vs (16.10 ?18.80)% ]as compared to LN group, which further predicated the progressing characteristics of IgA nephropathy. Conclusions Vasculitic/crescentic lesion is a quite common finding in idiopathic IgA nephropathy and often associated with no dramatically symptoms. It is possible for vasculitic/crescentic lesion to induce unmarked lose of nephron slowly and continually, so as to accelerate IgA nephropathy progression to end-stage renal failure.

Adult ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; physiopathology ; Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Heart ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Sports ; Stress, Psychological ; physiopathology

Background It has become a consensus about the necessity of topical administration of corticosteroid eye solutions after myopic laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis(LASIK).The glucocorticoid eye drops with good anti-inflammatory effect and less adverse effects is helpful for the repair of corneal epithelium following LASIK.Objective This study was to evaluate the clinical effects of 0.5％ loteprednol etabonate eye drops after LASIK.Methods A prospective randomized-controlled study was designed.One hundred and twelve myopia patients(224 eyes)who had received LASIK were included in this study and randomly divided into two groups,and 97 patients finished the follow-up,including 108 eyes of 54 patients in the 0.5％ ioteprednol etabonate eye drops treatment group and 86 eyes of 43 patients in the control group.0.5％ loteprednol etabonate eye drops or dexamethasone/tobramycin eye drops were administered topically to the treatment group and control group,respectively 4 times daily from postoperative day 1 through day 7 following LASIK in addition to regular basic treatment.The follow-up was performed 1 day,1 week and 1 month after LASIK.Subjective symptoms including eye pain,foreign body sensation and blurring were scored,and uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA),best corrected visual acuity(BCVA),intraocular pressure(IOP),central corneal thickness,corneal fluorescein staining and diffuse laminar keratitis(DLK)were evaluated and compared between the two groups 1 day,1 week,and 1 month after LASIK.This clinical trial was approved by the Ethic Commission of Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center,and written informed consent was obtained from each patient before the trial.Results No drug-related ocular and systemic adverse events were found in the treatment group throughout the follow-up duration.There was no significant difference in the subjective symptom score after 1 day,1 week and 1 month(P＞0.05).At 1 week post-LASIK,the corrected actual IOP was (16.27±3.31)mmHg in the treatment group and(17.49±4.48)mmHg in the control group,with a statistically significant difference between them(t =-2.113,P =0.036).However,there was no statistically significant difference in IOP between the treatment group(15.01±3.22)mmHg and the control group(15.30±4.17)mmHg at 1 month post-LASIK(t=-0.532,P=0.595).Mild diffuse lamellar keratitis developed in 7 eyes in the treatment group and 5 eyes in the control group without a significant difference on the first day after LASIK(x2 =0.153,P =0.926).The scores of corneal fluorescein staining were not statistically different between the two groups at 1 day,1 week and 1 month postoperative(Z=-0.566,P=0.571 ;Z=-0.689,P=0.491 ;Z=-1.628,P=0.103).Conclusions 0.5％ loteprednol etabonate eye drops could effectively inhibit postoperative inflammation and low the incidence of DLK.It can lessen the risk of IOP elevation in comparison with traditional steroid eye drops.

AIM: To evaluate the anatomic and visual outcomes of 25-gauge vitrectomies combined with air tamponade for the treatment of idiopathic macular hole (IMH).METHODS: Thirty eyes of 27 patients with IMH were included in this prospective interventional study.All patients underwent 25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) combined with phacoemulsification and air tamponade.Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA, logMAR), perimetry and multifocal electroretinography (mfERG) were conducted before and after the operation.Anatomical changes were evaluated with optical coherence tomography (OCT).RESULTS: The macular holes closed successfully in 28 eyes after the primary vitrectomy.The mean BCVA improved from 0.72±0.22 logMAR preoperatively to 0.29±0.18 logMAR postoperatively (P<0.001).In the visual field of central 10°, the average mean deviation (MD) decreased from-3.59±1.83 dB preoperatively to-2.51±1.36 dB postoperatively (P<0.001) and the average pattern standard deviation (PSD) decreased from 1.86±0.68 dB preoperatively to 1.33±0.32 dB postoperatively (P=0.001).The retinal response densities of mfERG in the foveal and perifoveal area increased significantly, and implicit times of rings 4-6 prolonged significantly (P<0.05).The symptom duration and baseline N1 amplitude densities at ring 1 had a significant impact on postoperative BCVA (P<0.001, P=0.001, respectively).CONCLUSION: The 25-gauge PPV and air tamponade with 1 day prone positioning produce favorable anatomic and functional outcomes.

The effect of magnetic Fe3O4 particles on cellulase in the enzymatic hydrolysis of sunflower seed hull was studied in different adding ways and additive amount. In the process of enzymatic hydrolysis of sunflower seed hull, the variations of cellulase activity, reducing sugar concentration and cellulose conversion were evaluated. After the reaction, the analysis of pH and surface tension of hydrolysate were also used to determine the mechanisms of cellulase by the magnetic effect. The results indicated that after adding magnetic Fe3O4, the cellulase activity, reducing sugar concentration and conversion of cellulose had an increased between the 0.5 g/L and 2.0 g/L cases after 48 h. When the additive amount of magnetic Fe3O4 was 2 g/L, the cellulase activity at 60 h was improved significantly by 25.9%. It was found that the concentration of reducing sugar was increased from 6.950 mg/mL to 8.775 mg/mL with magnetic Fe3O4 1.5 g/L. Simultaneously, compared with the blank, which the conversion of cellulose was 47.932%, the maximum celluloseconversion of samples with adding magnetic Fe3O4 was 60.531%. Besides, the stability of cellulase activity adding in times was better than in one time. After the reaction, the final surface tension of hydrolysate with 1.5 g/L magnetic Fe3O4 was the lowest in comparison with the blank. However, no significant differences were observed in the final pH of the hydrolysate.