Objective To explore the effect of different proportions of mixed blood exchange transfusion on blood circulation in neonates with hemolytic disease.Methods Thirty-one newborn infants with hemolytic disease were treated by peripheral arteriovenous synchronization of exchange transfusion with different proportions mixed blood.AB type plasma was mixed with O type red blood cell(RBC) washing.The proportion for the treatment group was 1:1(the O type RBCs 2 U:the AB type plasma 200 mL),by exchange transfusion of haplotypes,in accordance with 80?mL/kg;the proportion for control group was 2:1(the O type RBC 4 U:the AB type plasma 200 mL),by exchange transfusion of double in accordance with 150-180 mL/kg.The indicators were detected,such as the exchange rate of neonatal serum bilirubin,RBC,hemoglobin(Hb),hematocrit(HCT),and the exchange transfusion quantity and days of hospitalization before and after the exchange transfusion were analyzed.Results The exchange rate of serum bilirubin of treatment group and control group was (44.92?3.99)% and (45.69?5.06)%,respectively,there was no significant difference between 2 groups(P=0.639),there was no significant difference of hospitalization days[(8.13?1.13) d vs(8.19?0.91) d]between 2 groups(P=0.884).After exchange transfusion in treatment group,the average level of the RBC,Hb and HCT were increased(P

OBJECTIVETo investigate the nutrition status, breast feeding and complementary feeding among children under 2 years of age in Beijing.

METHODSA stratified cluster randomly sampling method was used. After having got the compliance a questionnaire survey was carried out to 422 children < 2 year-old in total 18 districts of Beijing.

RESULTSThe average infant birth weight was 3325 g, the rate of weight (2500 g and > or = 4000 g were 2.8% and 13.0% respectively. The rate of exclusive breast-feeding, partial breast-feeding, bottle-feeding of infant under 4 months was 56.6%, 33.9% and 9.5% respectively. The average weaning time was 7.4 months. The rate of complementary feeding of infant up to 6 months was 99.4%. The average ages for addition of complementary feeding such as cereal, vegetable and fruit, egg, oil, nutrients in rural areas were later than those in urban.

CONCLUSIONIt is important to promote breast feeding and improve complementary feeding by education and intervention.

Bottle Feeding ; statistics & numerical data ; Breast Feeding ; statistics & numerical data ; China ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant Food ; statistics & numerical data ; Infant, Newborn ; Nutrition Surveys ; Rural Population ; statistics & numerical data ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Urban Population ; statistics & numerical data

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the genetic polymorphism in the 5' and 3' region of TPH2 gene of Northern Chinese Han population and to explore its application value in forensic medicine. METHODS: The sequence variants and the genetic polymorphisms of 6 SNP loci (rs4570625, rs11178997, rs11178998, rs41317118, rs17110747 and rs41317114) within a 905 bp 5' flanking region and a 1,104bp 3' flanking region of TPH2 gene were analyzed by DNA sequencing in a total of 244 unrelated healthy individuals in Northern Chinese Han population. The statistical analysis was carried out by Haploview v4.2 software. RESULTS: The genotypic distributions of the 6 SNP loci in the TPH2 gene were in accordance with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. One C/T variant in 92922 site was found. There was a high linkage disequilibrium among the 3 SNP loci (rs4570625, rs11178997 and rs11178998) in the 5' region and the 3 SNP loci (rs41317118, rs17110747 and rs41317114) in the 3' region of TPH2 gene, respectively. The parameters of population genetics of 6 SNP loci were obtained. CONCLUSION There are great polymorphisms in the 5' and 3' region of TPH2 gene in Northern Chinese Han population, which could be used as genetic indexes for association analysis of the related diseases, as well as for forensic individual identification and paternity testing.
3' Untranslated Regions ; 5' Untranslated Regions ; Asian People/genetics* ; China/ethnology* ; Forensic Genetics ; Gene Frequency ; Genetics, Population ; Genotype ; Humans ; Linkage Disequilibrium/genetics* ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Tryptophan Hydroxylase/genetics*

Objective To investigate the tongue movement during swallowing in skeletal Class Ⅲ adult patients using M-mode altrasonography combined with cushion scanning technique.Methods Tongue movement during swallowing in 20 skeletal Class Ⅲ adult patients(11 females,9 males,mean age 20.5 years)and 11 healthy adults(8 females,3 males,mean age 23.5 years)was examined with M-mode ultrasonography combined with cushion scanning technique.The results were compared.Results Compared with mature swallowers,the skeletal Class Ⅲ aduh patients had longer phase 2[(0.24±0.07)s],phase 3[(1.17±0.21)s],longer total duration[(1.98±0.24)s],faster speed in phase 1 [(3.20±1.30)mm/s],and smaller range in phase 5[(0.38±0.28)mm].Condusions The skeletal Class Ⅲ aduh patients had distinctly difierent tongue movements during swallowing.

OBJECTIVE: To study the distribution of the tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) gene-T457C locus polymorphism in Han ethnic group in northern China and to find its applicable value in forensic science. METHODS: Genomic DNA samples, extracted from 180 unrelated individuals in northern Chinese Han population, were analyzed by PCR-RFLP. RESULTS: The discrimination power (DP) value and the power of exclusion (PE) value of the TPH gene-T457C locus were 0.624 and 0.187, respectively. The allele frequency showed significant difference from that of French people (P=0.04). CONCLUSION Polymorphism of the TPH gene-T457C locus could show ethnic and regional differences. It has a potential to be used in forensic science.
Alleles ; Asian People/genetics* ; China/ethnology* ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Gene Frequency ; Genotype ; Humans ; Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods* ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Tryptophan Hydroxylase/genetics*

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the sequence features of FUT2/01 locus and its polymorphic distribution in Chinese population, and to discuss its application potential in forensic medicine. METHODS: The alleles on FUT2/01 locus were amplified by PCR and then were sequenced. Furthermore, polymorphic distribution of the locus was analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The genotypes were characterized with fluorescence labeling followed by automatic detection system. RESULTS: The sequencing results only showed the length differences which were determined by the tandem repeats variance of the core sequence. There were 9 alleles and 28 genotypes identified from 162 individuals. The discrimination power and excluding probability of paternity were 0.9639 and 0.6266, respectively. In addition, the locus could be genotyped by automatic analysis very well. CONCLUSION The FUT2/01 locus exhibits high heterozygosity and individual identification power in Chinese Han population, and may be a valuable STR system for application in forensic medicine.
Alleles ; Asian People ; Base Sequence ; China/ethnology* ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Fucosyltransferases/genetics* ; Gene Frequency ; Genetics, Population ; Genotype ; Humans ; Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods* ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Tandem Repeat Sequences/genetics*

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the polymorphism of cholecystokinin (CCK) gene -45C/T of schizophrenia and its application in forensic medicine. METHODS: Bidirectional allele specific PCR was used to detect CCK gene -45C/T polymorphisms in 207 schizophrenic patients (case group) and 202 healthy individuals (control group) of the Han population in northern China. The chi2 test was used to identify Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium of the genotype distribution in control group. The differences of genotype and allele frequencies distributions were compared between two groups. RESULTS: Distributions of the genotype frequencies satisfied the law of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in control group. The differences between genotypic frequencies and allele frequencies were not statistical significance in case group and control groups (P > 0.05). Gender-stratified analysis showed that frequency of allele T in female case group was statistically higher than that in female control group (P = 0.044). CONCLUSION CCK gene -45C/T locus T allele may be positively associated with schizophrenia in female population and useful in schizophrenia identification.
Alleles ; Asian People/genetics* ; Case-Control Studies ; China ; Cholecystokinin/genetics* ; Female ; Forensic Genetics ; Forensic Psychiatry ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genotype ; Humans ; Male ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Schizophrenia/genetics* ; Sequence Analysis, DNA

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the polymorphisms of rs4906902 and rs8179184 loci in the promoter of the gamma-aminobutyric acid(GABA) receptor A, beta3 subunit gene (GABRB3), and their relevance with schizophrenia. METHODS: PCR and DNA sequencing were used to detect the polymorphisms of rs4906902 and rs8179184 loci in 210 healthy individuals (control group) and 206 schizophrenic patients (case group) of the Han population in northern China. The chi2 test was used to identify Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium of the genotype distribution in the control group followed by comparing differences in genotype and haplotype frequency distributions between two groups. RESULTS: Distributions of the genotype frequencies fit the law of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in the control group. rs4906902 and rs8179184 loci were in linkage disequilibrium and showed two haplotypes which were T-G and C-A. The differences of genotypic frequencies and haplotype frequencies were statistically significant between the two groups (P < 0.05). The frequency of haplotype C-A in the case group was significantly higher than in the control group. Genotypic and haplotype frequencies in the maternal line and paternal line were statistically significant in the case group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The haplotype of C-A in rs4906902 and rs8179184 loci in the promoter of GABRB3 gene may be maternally inherited and positively associated with schizophrenia and may be a useful tool in the forensic identification of schizophrenia.
Alleles ; Asian People/genetics* ; China/epidemiology* ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genotype ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Inheritance Patterns ; Linkage Disequilibrium ; Male ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Receptors, GABA-A/genetics* ; Schizophrenia/genetics* ; Sequence Analysis, DNA

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the population genetic data of 3 SNP loci (rs25533, rs34388196 and rs1042173) of 5-hydroxytryptamine transporter (5-HTT) gene and the association with paranoid schizophrenia. METHODS: Three SNP loci of 5-HTT gene were examined in 132 paranoid schizophrenia patients and 150 unrelated healthy individuals of Northern Chinese Han population by PCR-RFLP technique. The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium test was performed using the chi-square test and the data of haplotype frequency and population genetics parameters were statistically analyzed. RESULTS: Among these three SNP loci, four haplotypes were obtained. There were no statistically significant differences between the patient group and the control group (P > 0.05). The DP values of the 3 SNP loci were 0.276, 0.502 and 0.502. The PIC of them were 0.151, 0.281 and 0.281. The PE of them were 0.014, 0.072 and 0.072. CONCLUSION The three SNP loci and four haplotypes of 5-HTT gene have no association with paranoid schizophrenia, while the polymorphism still have high potential application in forensic practice.
Adult ; Asian People/genetics* ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genotype ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Male ; Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods* ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics* ; Schizophrenia, Paranoid/genetics* ; Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins/genetics*

OBJECTIVETo determine the possible myocilin molecular genetic defect underlying POAG in China and to identify the pathogenic mutation causing the disease.

METHODSThe majority of 1 branch of a large Chinese POAG family were personally examined by two senior ophthalmologists. The diagnoses were made by both doctors according to the signs of elevated intraocular pressure, glaucomatous optic neuropathy and glaucomatous visual field defect. All coding sequences of the myocilin gene plus the flanking sites were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using genomic DNA from all examined family members followed by sequencing of the PCR products. One hundred normal control subjects were screened by single strand confirmational polymorphism analysis for the mutation.

RESULTSThis Chinese pedigree exhibited autosomal dominant mode of inheritance. The onset age ranged from 26 to 59 years. A novel disease-causing missense mutation T455K in the third exon of the myocilin gene was identified in all affected family members, all glaucoma suspects and 4 individuals who have not shown apparently signs of glaucoma. None of the subjects without the mutation had glaucoma. Affected individuals with the T455K mutation showed variable onset between 26 and 59 years of age. Filtering surgery was performed on all of 7 affected family members. The T455K mutation in myocilin gene was not found in the normal controls. A previously reported polymorphism IVS2+35(A to G)was detected in 4 individuals.

CONCLUSIONThe novel myocilin sequence alteration T455K that is highly associated with the development of glaucoma and locates in a very conserved residue is proven to be a disease-causing missence mutation. All affected individuals and all POAG suspects in this family are identified to have this mutation. The mutation in this family is associated with a phenotype characterized by mix-onset open angle glaucoma and associated with a high penetrance. It is important for the mutation screening and periodical checkups of presymptomatic individuals belonging to the family of a POAG patient with T455K mutation.

Adult ; Age of Onset ; Aged ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; China ; Cytoskeletal Proteins ; genetics ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Eye Proteins ; genetics ; Female ; Glaucoma, Open-Angle ; genetics ; Glycoproteins ; genetics ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pedigree ; Point Mutation ; Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational