Objective To investigate the influences of sodium salicylate on the auditory brainstem response (ABR)and expression of EphA4mRNA in rat inferior colliculus and its effects on salicylate ototoxicity.Methods A total of 30 healthy SPF rats were randomly divided into five groups:the control group (without any treatment),S7 (i.m.injection of sodium salicylate,175mg/kg,twice daily for 7 days),S14(the same method as S7,twice daily for 14 days),S14+R14(the same method as S14,twice daily for 14 days and recovered for 14 days),and S14+R28(the same method as S14,twice daily for 14 days and recovered for 28 days).After the ABR assessment,rats were sacri-ficed after deep anesthesia and the inferior colliculus tissues were dissected.Real-time PCR was used to detect the expression of EphA4mRNA.Results Compared with the control group,ABR thresholds in the S7 group and S14 group were increased significantly (P<0.05),while there was no significant difference between the control group and the S14+R28 group (P>0.05).The inferior colliculus EphA4mRNA expression level of S7 group was signifi-cantly decreased than the control group (P<0.05).The EphA4mRNA expression level of S7 group was significant-ly decreased than the control group (P<0.05),while there was no significantly difference between the control group and the S14+R28 group (P>0.05).Conclusion Long term injection of sodium salicylate can cause changes in the inferior colliculus of EphA4mRNA which are related closely with synaptic plasticity.It may lead the alteration of the inferior colliculus synaptic plasticity,which is associated with the changes of the hearing failure and the tinni-tus behavior.This indicates that EphA4 which is considered as a related protein in the inferior colliculus may play an important role in the pathology of tinnitus.

OBJECTIVE: To study the load capacity and slow releasing kinetics of chloramphenicol in poly(DMAM-co-AA) hydrogel based on N,N-dimethyl acrylamide (DMAM) and acrylic acid (AA). METHODS: The dry hydrogel was soaked in chloramphenicol solution, fully saturated and swelled. The load capacity of chloramphenicol in the swelled hydrogel was investigated. The dry gel loaded chloramphenicol was put into the different solution and constantly stirred. At the same time, the release rate of chloramphenicol was studied. RESULTS: When themole ratio of reaction monomers (DMAM/AA) and concentration of chloramphenicol solution were increased, the load capacityof chloramphenicol was increased. The release rate of chloramphenicol was increased with temperature rising. The release rate of chloramphenicolin acidic or alkaline medium was larger than that in neutral medium. CONCLUSION: The load capacity of chloramphenicol in poly(DMAM-co-AA) hydrogel is increased with the solution concentration of chloramphenicol increasing. The release of chloramphenicolin various hydrogels is completed in the range of 8 to 12 h, and the total release rate of chloramphenicol could reach about 90%.

Objective:To explore the correlation between serum level of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2)and se-verity of coronary artery disease in aged patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS)complicated hyperhomocys-teinemia (HHCY).Methods:According to serum level of homocysteine (Hcy),a total of 105 aged ACS patients were selected and divided into ACS+HHCY group (n=56)and pure ACS patients (n=49),another 65 healthy in-dividuals were enrolled as healthy control group.The severity of coronary artery disease was showed by Gensini score ;enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure serum MMP-2 level in each group.Results:Com-pared with healthy control group,there were significant rise in MMP-2 level [(140.8±50.1)ng/ml vs.(442.5± 98.2)ng/ml,(297.9±86.3)ng/ml]in ACS+HHCY group and pure ACS group,P <0.01. Gensini score in ACS+HHCY group was significantly higher than that of pure ACS group [(1.9±0.2)scores vs.(1.1±0.3)scores,P<0.01].Pearson correlation analysis indicated that Gensini score was positively correlated with MMP-2 level in ACS+HHCY group (r =0.424,P <0.05).Conclusion:The serum MMP-2 level is significantly positively correla-ted with severity of coronary artery disease in aged patients with ACS complicated HHCY.

Objective To observe the action ofFu Liu Zhen (acupuncture at the six abdominal points) plus moxa-box moxibustion at umbilicus on a community population of qi and yang deficiency.Method Two hundred subjects diagnosed with qi deficiency and/or yang deficiency were randomized into a treatment group and a control group, 100 cases in each group. The two groups both received constitution-associated health education, and the treatment group was additionally intervened byFu Liu Zhen plus moxa-box moxibustion at umbilicus, while the control group didn’t receive any other intervention. The Score of Constitution in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and the number of people of each constitution were observed prior to the intervention, right after the intervention, 6 months after the intervention and 12 months after the intervention.Result In the treatment group, the scores of qi deficiency and yang deficiency after the intervention, 6 months after the intervention and 12 months after the intervention were significantly different from that prior to the intervention (P<0.01). The scores of the corresponding constitution types (qi deficiency, yang deficiency) after the intervention, 6 months after the intervention and 12 months after the intervention were significantly different from that before the intervention (P<0.01). The proportions of subjects with harmonious constitution, qi deficiency, and yang deficiency in the treatment group after the intervention, 6 months and 12 months after the intervention were significantly different from that prior to the intervention (P<0.01). The proportions of subjects with harmonious constitution, qi deficiency, and yang deficiency in the treatment group after the intervention, 6 months and 12 months after the intervention were significantly different from that in the control group (P<0.01).ConclusionFu Liu Zhen plus moxa-box moxibustion at umbilicus can improve the qi-deficiency and yang-deficiency constitutions in the community population.

Objective To observe the peripheral arterial Doppler flow velocity curve changes and elucidate the blood flow characteristics by adding extra pressure on the limbs,and to provide evidence for better diagnosis of peripheral arterial diseases by ultrasound.Methods Color Doppler ultrasound instrument was used to record the brachial artery(BA),radial artery(RA),common femoral artery(CFA) and popliteal artery(POA) Doppler flow velocity curves both at rest and under different grades of distal and proximal limb pressuring in 40 randomly selected healthy adults.The peak systolic and early diastolic reverse flow velocity(PSV,PRV) and the resistance index (RI) were measured and analyzed.Results Three-phase waveform was seen at rest.Significant changes were noticed in PRV and RI under distal pressuring,while no significant difference was seen in PSV between groups.Conclusions Normal peripheral arteries show pulsed step-by-step blood flow pattern along with the cardiac cycles.Peripheral arterial Doppler flow curves changes regularly with limb grading pressuring.

Four salts of ticagrelor, ticagrelor-3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid, ticagrelor-pyrazinamide, ticagrelor-D-proline and ticagrelor-L-proline were prepared by solvent suspension and liquid-assisted grinding to improve the solubility of ticagrelor. The compounds were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and the intermolecular salt-bonding forces were analyzed. The equilibrium solubility of salts and pure drug in hydrochloride buffer pH 1.2 and phosphate buffer pH 6.8 were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. Ticagrelor was salted with 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid, pyrazinamide, D-proline, L-proline all in a stoichiometric ratio of 1∶1; with the exception of ticagrelor-D-proline, the solubility of the other three salts provided significantly improved solubility in hydrochloride buffer pH 1.2, and the equilibrium solubility of ticagrelor-3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid was increased by approximately 1.7 folds as compared to pure drug. Salt-forming technology is convenient and can improve the solubility of ticagrelor.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the expression of corticotropin-releasing factor-1 receptor in hippocampus of rats model of salicylate induced tinnitus. METHOD: Twenty-four rats were randomly divided into three groups, eight for each group. For Group A and Group B, 10% salicylic sodium solution was intraperitoneal injected each day at the dose of 350 mg/kg for 21 days in Group A and 14 days in Group B. Group C received intraperitoneal injection with the same amount of saline solution each day for 14 days. ABR were tested 2 days before, and 2 hours after the first administration and after the last injection. Immunohistochemical test and Western Blot were utilized to detect the expression of CRF1R in hippocampus for each group. RESULT: ABR thresholds tested 2 days before the first administration of the 3 groups showed no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05). At the time point of 2 hours after the first injection, the ABR thresholds of Group A and Group B rose by 25.90 dB SPL and 25.03 dB SPL compared with that before the administration, respectively (P < 0. 01). After the last administration, the ABR thresholds of Group A and Group B rose 34.91 dB SPL and 32.62 dB SPI. compared with that before the administration, respectively (P < 0.01). The ABR thresholds of Group C showed no significant statistical difference at all the tested time points (P > 0.05). Immunohistochemical test and Western Blot revealed that the expression level of CRF1R in the hippocampus was A > B > C (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The expression of CRF1R in the hippocampus of salicylate induced tinnitus rat increased with the injection time, illustrating that CRF1R may participate in the mechanism of tinnitus involving the limbic system.
Animals ; Auditory Threshold ; Disease Models, Animal ; Hippocampus ; metabolism ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; Rats ; Receptors, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone ; metabolism ; Salicylates ; adverse effects ; Tinnitus ; chemically induced ; metabolism

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of butylphthalide soft capsules for treatment of acute cerebral infarction and its effect on the neurological function and inflammatory reaction of patients.Methods A total of 100 patients with acute cerebral infarction in the First Hospital of Zhangjiakou City and the Third Hospital Affiliated to Hebei North University from January 2016 to October 2016 were selected and divided into control group (n =50) and treatment group (n =50) according to the treatment protocols.The patients in the control group were given anti-platelet aggregation,statins,and other routine treatment;based on this,the patients in treatment group were orally administrated with butylphthalide soft capsules.The elbow venous blood of patients in the two groups was collected and the C reactive protein(CRP),interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels,the platelet aggregation rate were detected.The change of National Institute of Health stroke scale(NIHSS) score of patients after four weeks treatment was compared between the two groups.The recovery of neurological function of patients in the two groups was evaluated by modified Rankin grading after three months treatment.Results There was no statistic difference in the CRP,IL-6 levels and platelet aggregation rate before treatment between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).The CRP,IL-6 levels and platelet aggregation rate of patients in the two groups after one week treatment were significantly lower than those before treatment (P ＜ 0.05);and the CRP,IL-6 levels and platelet aggregation rate of patients in the treatment group were significantly lower than those in the control group after one week treatment (P ＜ 0.05).The NIHSS score of patients in the treatment group was significantly lower than that in the control group after four weeks treatment (P ＜ 0.05);the Rankin score of patients in the treatment group was significantly lower than that in the control group after three months treatment (P ＜ 0.05).The total effective rate of patients in the treatment group was significantly higher than that in the control group (x2 =13.22,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Butylphthalide soft capsules can significantly reduce the inflammatory reaction in patients with acute cerebral infarction,improve and recover the neurologic impairment;and its curative effect is remarkable.

Objective To investigate the incidence of nutritional risk for stroke patients with diabetes mellitus. Methods All the stroke patients with diabetes mellitus in a neurologic department were investigated with Nutritional Risk Screening (NRS2002). Results The incidences of undernutrition and nutritional risk were 11.3% (42/372) and 35.8% (133/372), respectively. The incidence of nutritional risk was more in the patients aged over 60 years than in the patients below 60 years (P=0.001). The incidence of both undernutrition and nutritional risk was more in the patients with stroke relapsing than those of the initial stroke (P<0.001). Conclusion The stroke patients with diabetes mellitus are in the risk of undernutrition and nutritional risk, especially those over the age of 60 years and relapsed stroke.

Objective:To analyze the effects of espO gene knockout on the biological characteristics of enterhemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC). Methods:Two-step methods mediated by the suicide plasmid pCVD442-Δ espO and plasmid pTrc99a were used to construct the espO gene-deleted strain (Δ espO) and the complemented mutant (CΔ espO), respectively. HeLa cells were infected with different EHEC strains to analyze the biological functions and lethal effects of espO gene during infection. Results:PCR, electrophoresis and gene sequencing showed that the Δ espO and CΔ espO mutants were successfully constructed. Compared with the wild-type strain, neither the Δ espO nor CΔ espO mutant showed significant difference in growth rate, indicating that the espO gene had no influence on the growth and replication of EHEC. Furthermore, EspO could activate the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNF)-induced NF-κB signaling pathway, while the effector protein NleB could inhibit the process. EspO could not inhibit the death of HeLa cells induced by TNF or TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) after EHEC infection. Conclusions:In this study, we successfully constructed the espO gene-deleted and complemented mutants of EHEC and preliminarily analyzed the interaction between espO gene and host cells and the effects of espO gene on cell apoptosis during infection, which provided reference for further research on the in vitro biochemical activity and in vivo pathogenic roles of EspO.