OBJECTIVETo study the epidemiological impact of varicella vaccine vaccination on kindergartens and school children in Beijing.

METHODSAccording to "China Information System for Diseases Control and Prevention", the reported clinical diagnosis varicella cases were tracked in kindergartens, primary and secondary schools whose onset date were from 2008 to 2010. Epidemiological survey was conducted and epidemiological features were analyzed.

RESULTSA total of 21 474 varicella cases were investigated: 55.3% (11 883 cases) had been vaccinated by varicella vaccine. Of cases with definite immunization history, interval between vaccination date and onset date were from 30 days to 1 year accounted for 3.4% (286/8510), 1 to 3 years accounted for 18.2% (1551/8510), 3 to 5 years accounted for 28.6% (2431/8510), 5 to 10 years accounted for 34.3% (2916/8510) (left-closed right-open interval); The peak age of onset was 4 years old in cases without immunization history, which was 6 years old in cases with immunization history; The proportion of cases with immunization history (≥ 30 days) had increased from 42.4% (2862/6754) in 2008 to 56.3% (4327/7679) in 2010. The cases with no fever had a higher proportion (54.9%, 6413/11 679) of immunization history (≥ 30 days) than cases with fever (47.7%, 4533/9500) (P < 0.01); The cases with rashes less than 50 had a higher proportion (57.4%, 8045/14 020) of immunization history (≥ 30 days) than cases with rashes more than 50 (40.2%, 2902/7216) (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONVaricella vaccine delays the peak age of onset, alleviates the symptoms. The current immunization strategy can not block varicella spread in kindergartens, primary and secondary schools.

Adolescent ; Chickenpox ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; Chickenpox Vaccine ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Schools ; Schools, Nursery

OBJECTIVETo improve the water solubility and biological activity of neoligans (magnolol and honokiol) and test the antitumor activity of the modified compounds.

METHODSThe glycosylated products of magnolol and honokiol were obtained by enzymatic synthesis using a UDP-glycosyltransferase (YjiC) from Bacillus. The products were characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis. MTT assay was used to detect the growth inhibition of 4 human cancer cell lines induced by the compounds.

RESULTSWe obtained two glucosides of neolignans (magnolol and honokiol) for the first time by enzymatic synthesis using a UDP-glycosyltransferase. Based on the spectroscopic data, the glucosides were identified as magnolol-2- O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1) and honokiol-4'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (2). Compounds 1-4 exhibited moderate anti-proliferative activities against the 4 human cancer cell lines, with IC50 values ranging from 9.41 to 111.21 µmol/L.

CONCLUSIONThe glycoslated products show enhanced water solubility and drug sensitivity against SMMC7721 cells, suggesting their value as potential therapeutic drugs.

Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; chemistry ; Biphenyl Compounds ; chemistry ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Glucosides ; chemistry ; Glycosylation ; Humans ; Lignans ; chemistry ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Mass Spectrometry

BACKGROUNDCandida albicans (C. albicans) infection, often occurring in genital candidiasis, has increased dramatically recently. Developing an efficient C. albicans typing method may contribute to understanding its epidemiological characteristics and guiding efficient treatment. We used rapid microsatellite genotyping assay for interstrain differentiation of C. albicans isolates and explored some characteristics of its spread.

METHODSDNA was extracted from C. albicans isolates from gentalia, recta and mouths of 39 female cases and 27 male cases of genital candidiasis. Three fluorescent primers for the microsatellite markers in conserved genes (CDC3, EF3 and HIS3) of C. albicans were used to amplify the isolates DNA by PCR. Fluorescent signals were read with an automatic sequencer and analyzed with GeneScan software.

RESULTSAnalysis of the three microsatellites markers showed 18 gene allelic associations in genital C. albicans infected patients: 10 allelic associations in female and 11 allelic associations in male, of which 3 allelic associations shared by both genders covered 71% of infections. The most dominant allele association of pathogenic strains for both genders was 116:124, 122:131, 160:200 that covered about 50% of infection. Gentalia and recta shared the same strains in 80% of female patients, but in only 3.8% of male patients. There were 2.7% female patients, but no males, with same strain in both gentalia and mouths. Five of seven genital C. albicans infected couples had the same allelic associations of which 4 were the dominant pathogenic C. albicans susceptible for both genders.

CONCLUSIONSThe predominant allelic association of the pathogenic strain in genital C. albicans infection is 116:124, 122:131, 160:200. Vaginal pathogenic strains are probably maintained from the rectal reservoir. Pathogenic strains of male patients are probably from frequent sexual intercourse. The aggressiveness of some strains varies with gender.

Adult ; Candida albicans ; classification ; genetics ; Candidiasis ; diagnosis ; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal ; diagnosis ; Female ; Genital Diseases, Male ; diagnosis ; Genotype ; Humans ; Male ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Rectum ; microbiology ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Tongue ; microbiology

OBJECTIVETo explore seroepidemiological status and vaccine coverage of hepatitis B in children aging under 15 years old in Chaoyang district of Beijing.

METHODSA total of 1602 children aging under 15 years old, residents or floating population who had lived here more than six months, were randomly selected by multistage cluster sampling, from Chaoyang district of Beijing in year 2010. The demographic information and vaccine coverage of hepatitis B vaccine (HepB) were collected by self-designed questionnaire.5 ml blood was collected from each subject and the serum HBsAg, anti-HBs and anti-HBc were detected by Abbott microparticle enzyme-linked immunoassay. Those whose HBsAg was positive were then tested HBeAg and anti-HBe. The positive rate of hepatitis B indicators and coverage rate of HepB in different population were compared.

RESULTSThe positive rate of HBsAg, anti-HBs and anti-HBc were 0.56% (9/1602), 64.17% (1028/1602) and 2.12% (34/1602), respectively; while the age standardized rates were separately 0.57%, 66.36% and 1.98%; and the gender-adjusted rates were 0.56%, 64.23% and 2.12% respectively. The positive rate of anti-HBs was statistically significant (χ(2) = 165.445, P = 0.000). The positive rate of anti-HBs was up to 90.73% (235/259) among 1-2 years old children, followed by 76.22% (141/185) among 13 - 15 years old children, 67.21% (166/247) among 3 - 4 years old children, 61.22% (150/245) among 9 - 10 years old children, 60.68% (142/234) among 11 - 12 years old children, 49.05% (103/210) among 5 - 6 years old children and 40.99% (91/222) among 7 - 8 years old children. The average coverage rate of HepB was 90.44% (1371/1516), separately 93.76% (661/705) in residents and 87.55% (719/811) in floating population. The difference was statistically significant (χ(2) = 16.829, P = 0.000).

CONCLUSIONHBsAg positive rate in children under 15 years old in Chaoyang district of Beijing dropped to less than 1% and the coverage rate of HepB had reached over 90%. It is suggested that we should pay more attention to increase the coverage rate of HepB among floating children under 15 years old.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Hepatitis B ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; Hepatitis B Antibodies ; blood ; Hepatitis B Vaccines ; administration & dosage ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Seroepidemiologic Studies ; Vaccination ; statistics & numerical data

OBJECTIVESevere nasopharyngeal stenosis (NPS) is a rare complication of uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) and very difficult to manage. This report presents our successful treatment experience.

METHODSFrom Nov 1997 to Feb 2006, 6 adults patients with NPS secondary to UPPP were treated in Peking Union Hospital. Two cases was grade II stenosis, received surgery of local pharyngeal and soft palate mucosa flap rotation to enlarge nasopharyngeal airway with stenosis; For the remaining 4 cases with more severe NPS (grade III) who had received 1-3 times unsuccessful repair procedures previously, prolonged nasopharyngeal hollow obturators were used for 6 months after stenosis repair surgery.

RESULTSWith 9-48 months follow-up, All cases results were satisfactory. Nasal obstruction symptom was eliminated, NPS corrected, no velopharyngeal insufficiency complication happened. Daytime removable nasopharyngeal hollow stent obturators with palate support device is more comfortable for patients.

CONCLUSIONSLocal flap rotation to enlarge stenosis airway and prolonged use nasopharyngeal hollow obturators are reliable methods of correction NPS following UPPP.

Adult ; Cicatrix ; complications ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nasopharyngeal Diseases ; etiology ; surgery ; Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Palate, Soft ; surgery ; Pharynx ; surgery ; Reoperation ; Treatment Outcome ; Uvula ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo explore the family aggregation and risk factors of hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmission in Chaoyang district of Beijing.

METHODSA total of 5266 families were randomly selected for the multi-stage cluster sampling study in Chaoyang district of Beijing in 2010. The family members who aged between 1 and 70 years old and lived constantly in Beijing for over half a year, were recruited as subjects. There were 14 491 subjects in total, including temporary residents who did not have Beijing household account, except foreigners. 5 ml venous blood was drawn from every subject. A self-designed questionnaire was used to collect the basic information of the population and the risk factors of the hepatitis B transmission. Microparticle enzyme-linked immunoassay was applied to test five indicators of hepatitis B. Negative binomial distribution test was used among the HBsAg positive families to calculate the family aggregation rate of hepatitis B. Single factor analysis and multi-factor logistic regression model were used to analyze the risk factors of HBV transmission.

RESULTSIn all, 308 out of 5266 families had HBsAg positive members, accounting for 5.85%.383 out of 14 410 subjects were HBsAg positive, rating at 2.66%. The HBsAg positive rate among subjects under 14 years old was the lowest, at 0.56% (9/1603); and the positive rate among subjects aging between 35 and 44 years old was the highest, at 4.27% (47/1029). Negative binomial distribution test showed that the family aggregation rate of HBV infection was 7.66% (χ² = 15.10, P < 0.05). The analysis of family aggregation of HBsAg positive showed that 17.39% (8/46) of the transmission was from father to child, 13.04% (6/46) was from mother to child, 30.44% (14/46) was between couples, and another 39.13% (18/46) was between siblings or other relatives. Both single factor analysis and multi-factor logistic regression analysis showed that hepatitis B positive family members (OR = 5.40, 95%CI: 5.24 - 5.55), hepatitis B positive friends and colleagues (OR = 1.55, 95%CI: 1.11 - 1.99) and blood donation and transfusion history (OR = 1.96, 95%CI: 1.76 - 2.15) were the risk factors of HBV infection.

CONCLUSIONHBV transmission showed family aggregation in Beijing, however, the risk factors needed further studies.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Carrier State ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Family Characteristics ; Female ; Hepatitis B ; epidemiology ; transmission ; Hepatitis B virus ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Risk Factors ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate the correction between the levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), serum amyloid A (SAA), hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and acute cerebral infarction (ACI), and to provide the basis for the diagnosis and treatment of ACI.Methods A total of 76patients with ACI in the hospital from August to October 2017were selected as ACI group.In addition, 32healthy subjects underwent physical examination in the same period in this hospital were selected as negative control group (NC group).The levels of SAA and hs-CRP were detected by nephelometry, while the level of VEGF was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).The differences of detection indexes between two groups were compared, and the diagnostic value of each index and the combined test were evaluated with the Youden index.Results The levels of SAA, hs-CRP and VEGF in ACI group, were significantly higher than those of NC group (P＜0.01).The levels of VEGF was positively correlated with SAA and hs-CRP (r=0.434and0.631, P=0.000and 0.000).The optimal diagnostic critical points of VEGF, SAA and hs-CRP in the diagnosis of ACI were 161.93pg/mL, 3.81mg/L and 4.63mg/L, and the sensitivities were 93.55％, 65.91％and64.44％, the specificities were 60.00％, 93.75％and 90.32％, respectively.Combined detection with hs-CRP and VEGF was superior to single index detection and other joint detection.The sensitivity, specificity and Youden index of combined detection with hs-CRP and VEGF were 96.67％, 95.65％and 0.92respectively.Conclusion The levels of VEGF, SAA and hs-CRP increase in patients with ACI, and they play important roles in the diagnosis of ACI.VEGF are positively related to SAA and hs-CRP, and there may be an synergistic effect exist.VEGF may be involved in the pathological process of cerebral infarction.The combined detection of hs-CRP and VEGF is of high clinical value in the diagnosis of cerebral infarction.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the safety of 2009 influenza A (H1N1) vaccine based on mass immunization initiative in Beijing.

METHODThere were 2 113 280 people were vaccinated during September to December 2009. The information of adverse events following immunization (AEFI) was collected through surveillance system, and descriptive methodology was used for data analysis.

RESULTSA Total of 612 AEFI cases were reported, among which there were 321 vaccine reaction cases following immunization, 203 coincidental illness cases, 82 psychogenic reaction cases, and 6 pending cases. The rates of rare reactions and common reactions associated with vaccination were respectively 5.54/100 000 (117/2 113 280) and 9.65/100 000 (204/2 113 280). The rate of serious rare reaction was 0.19/100 000 (4/2 113 280). The rates of vaccine reactions in urban, suburb and county were 16.87/100 000 (36/213 519), 17.81/100 000 (187/1 049 817) and 11.53/100 000 (98/849 944), respectively. The rates of rare reaction and common reaction in different age groups were between 3.65/100 000 (6/164 604) to 8.99/100 000 (27/300 176), and between 0.61/100 000 (1/164 604) to 22.06/100 000 (85/385 275). The 117 rear vaccine reaction cases were mainly allergic reaction (107 cases), and the 204 common vaccine reaction cases were mainly fever (176 cases). There were 91.90% (295/321) vaccine reactions occurred within 24 hours of administration, and all cases had improved consequence.

CONCLUSIONThe mostly symptoms of AEFI cases during the period of 2009 influenza A (H1N1) vaccinoprophylaxis were anaphylaxis and fever. The types of adverse reactions and the level of serious events are consistent with the anticipation. There were no rear or new events occurred.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Fever ; chemically induced ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; epidemiology ; Immunization ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype ; Influenza Vaccines ; adverse effects ; Influenza, Human ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; Male ; Mass Vaccination ; Middle Aged ; Population Surveillance ; Young Adult

Anti-Bacterial Agents ; pharmacology ; Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins ; Bacterial Typing Techniques ; Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Neisseria meningitidis, Serogroup B ; classification ; drug effects ; genetics ; Phylogeny

Objective To study the TCM syndrome characteristics of acute diabetic myocardial infarction and non-diabetic myocardial infarction.Methods The questionnaires were used to collect the data from 1 158 cases of acute diabetic myocardial infarction in 6 TCM hospitals of grade III-A in Beijing. All cases were divided into diabetes group (n=361) and non-diabetes group (n=797). An ACCESS database was established and the TCM syndrome characteristics were compared and analysed in two groups.Results In the diabetes group yin deficiency with fever was common, and the proportion of yang deficiency to yin deficiency was higher significantly than that in the non-diabetes group. In two groups the deficiency syndromes were mainly qi deficiency, and excess syndromes were mainly blood stasis, among which the syndromes of deficiency complicated with excessiveness were the most common, especially in the diabetes group. There were 56 syndrome types in the diabetes group and 74 in the non-diabetes group, among which the deficiency syndrome was mainly dual deficiency of qi and yin syndrome, and the excess syndrome was mainly syndrome of blood-stasis and phlegm obstructing collateral. There were 40 syndromes of deficiency complicated with excessiveness in the diabetes group and 56 in the non-diabetes group, among which the first 4 syndromes included the syndrome of qi-deficiency blood-stasis phlegm-obstruction, syndrome of qi-deficiency blood-stasis, syndrome of dual qi-yin-deficiency blood-stasis phlegm-obstruction, and syndrome of dual qi-yin-deficiency blood-stasis. The proportion of the syndrome of dual qi-yin-deficiency blood-stasis phlegm-obstruction was higher significantly in the diabetes group than that in the non-diabetes group.Conclusion TCM syndromes of acute diabetic myocardial infarction show complicated characteristics, which should be treated with the therapy of elimination and reinforcement, and Chinese herbal remedies of cold and warm in nature used in combination for steadying yang and calming yin.