AIM: To investigate the incidence of trachoma in children aged 1 to 9y in Hainan Province and determine high-risk trachoma endemic and non-endemic areas in Hainan, and thus provide evidence for developing trachoma control and prevention therapy.METHODS:The areas of investigation were chosen on the basis of past literatures, expert interviews and survey on the spot.In 2013, Hainan Provincial Office of Blindness Prevention carried out the survey in 7 counties including Dongfang City, Wuzhishan City, Ledong County, Baisha County, Baoting County, Lingao County and Changjiang County.In these districts, 356 pupils including 192 boys and 164 girls were examined, their age ranging from 1 to 9 and their average age being 7 years old.The targeted students received the trachoma rapid assessment by the adoption of simplified trachoma classification system which was recommended by the World Health Organization.RESULTS: No case of active trachoma was found among the 356 students.CONCLUSION:The prevalence rate of trachoma in children under 9 years is less than 5% in Hainan Province.Active trachoma is not a public health issue in Hainan Province.

Objective To review the effect of exposed and buried Kirschner wire fixation of lateral humeral condyle fracture in children.Methods Randomized control trials (RCTs) about exposed versus buried Kirschner wire fixation of lateral humeral condyle fracture in children were identified through electronic search using the Cochrane Collaboration search strategies and manual search.Electronic database included Cochrane Library,Medline,PubMed,CBM,VIP,CNKI,Wanfang database and other Chinese and English database.Manual research included related journals and conference proceedings.Quality analysis of the included literatures was performed using the methodological index for non-randomized studies (MINORS).RevMan 5.3 software was used for Meta analysis.Results Four studies involving exposed Kirschner in 150 cases and buried Kirschner in 351 cases were included.The two techniques were similar with respect to postoperative infection (OR =1.10,95％ CI 0.52 ～ 2.33,P ＞ 0.05),superficial infection (OR =1.45,95 ％ CI 0.66 ～ 3.18,P ＞ 0.05),reoperation rate (OR =2.29,95％CI 0.51 ～ 10.25,P ＞0.05),delayed union rate (OR =1.57,95％ CI 0.76 ～ 3.21,P ＞0.05) and total complications (OR =1.57,95％ CI 0.76 ～ 3.21,P ＞ 0.05).However,Kirschner wire exposure shortened the time of pulling out Kirschner wire (MD =-13.28,95％ CI-16.42 ～-10.14,P ＜0.05).Conclusion Applied for lateral humeral condyle fracture in children,exposed versus buried Kirschner wire fixation results in short Kirschner wire stabilization time that avoids local anesthetic and cost while pulling out Kirschner wire in the late stage.

Objective To investigate the expression in the VEGF,TGF-?1 of cervical squamous car- cinoma infected by HPV16,18.Methods Cells exfoliated from cervix(collected by clinician)of 99 women with cervical cancer and 54 women as a control group were analyzed blindly by human papillomavirus type 16 and 18 Fluorescent Polymerase Reaction Diagnositic kit.The expression of VEGF,TGF-?1 of the positive HPV16,18 of 38 women with cervical squamous cancer were studied by immunohistochemical stain.Results The positive expression of HPV16,18 was observed in 53 in the case of cervical cancer with positive rates of 54 %,but the positive rates was 7 % in the control group(P

ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical effectiveness of posterolateral autograft bone graft fusion transpedicular screw system internal fixation and anterior debridement in the treatment of dorsal and lumber spinal tuberculosis. MethodsFrom March 1996 to July 2000,posterolateral autograft bone graft fusion transpedicular screw system internal fixation and anterior debridement procedures were used in 62 patients suffering from dorsal and lumber spinal tuberculosis in our department,48 of them were involved in a longitudinal study follow-up for a mean of 3.6(1.5-5.5)years postoperatively. ResultsAll patients showed successful posterolateral bone graft fusion. Among 38 cases of Pott's paraplegia, 30 were completely recovered,5 were partly recovered,the rate of recovery was 92.1%. The average immediate postoperative correction of kyphosis angle was 29.1°,the average loss of correction was only 3.2°at final follow-up.ConclusionsPosterolateral autograft bone graft fusion transpedicular screw system internal fixation and anterior debridement procedure were found helpful in strengthening the stability of the spine in dorsal and lumber spinal tuberculosis, providing successful interbody fusion and recovery of Pott's paraplegia, correcting the kyphosis, and preventing progression of kyphosis.

Cancer, an abnormal cell proliferation resulted from multi-factors,has the highest morbidity and mortality among all the serious diseases. Considerable progress has been made in cancer biology in recent years. Tumor immunology, cancer stem cells (CSCs), autophagy, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) have become hot topics of interests in this area. Detailed dissection of these biological processes will provide novel directions, targets, and strategies for the pharmacological evaluation, mechanism elucidation, and new drug development of traditional Chinese medicine.
Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; administration & dosage ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Humans ; Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; genetics ; immunology ; physiopathology

Objective To study the inhibitory effect of small interference RNA(siRNA) ofcyclin E gene on the growth ofK562cells. Methods siRNA targeting the 940 bp site of the cyclin E mRNA were designed and generated by PCR amplification.The PCR products containing U6 promoter and the siRNA were then transfected into K562 cells via LipofectamineTM2000.The cells transfected with non-functional siRNA served as the negative control group and those only treated with serum-free RPMI1640 as the blank control group. Cell counting, reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR and flow cytometry were employed to evaluate the effect of RNA interference. Results Compared with the negative and blank control groups, the viable cell count in the interference group was decreased by approximately 80%, the ratio of G1-phase cells increased by nearly 30%, and growth arrest was observed. Cyclin E mRNA expression in the cells of the interference group was significantly lowered by about 70%as compared with that of the negative and blank control groups, whereas the latter two groups had similar expression levels.Conclusion RNA interference induces obvious inhibition of cyclin E gene expression, which consequently affects the proliferation ofK562 cells.

Objective To study the inhibitory effect of small interference RNA(siRNA) ofcyclin E gene on the growth ofK562cells. Methods siRNA targeting the 940 bp site of the cyclin E mRNA were designed and generated by PCR amplification.The PCR products containing U6 promoter and the siRNA were then transfected into K562 cells via LipofectamineTM2000.The cells transfected with non-functional siRNA served as the negative control group and those only treated with serum-free RPMI1640 as the blank control group. Cell counting, reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR and flow cytometry were employed to evaluate the effect of RNA interference. Results Compared with the negative and blank control groups, the viable cell count in the interference group was decreased by approximately 80%, the ratio of G1-phase cells increased by nearly 30%, and growth arrest was observed. Cyclin E mRNA expression in the cells of the interference group was significantly lowered by about 70%as compared with that of the negative and blank control groups, whereas the latter two groups had similar expression levels.Conclusion RNA interference induces obvious inhibition of cyclin E gene expression, which consequently affects the proliferation ofK562 cells.

OBJECTIVETo utilize multiplane, subcutaneous and subperiosteal, dissection through small incisions in scalp to rejuvenate aging signs of forehead/temple.

METHODSForehead: We make four small incisions in scalp, widely separate tissues between subperiosteum skin and frontal muscle to form galea frontal muscle-periosteum flap, the flap is tightened and sutured with the galea at the posterior border of the incision. This method avoid to excise scalp. Temple: there are two small incisions in the scalp of temple at each side. Superficial temple fascia and orbicularis oculi muscle as well is dissected from deep temporal fascia and skin respectively, then tightened and sutured with the superficial part of deep temporal fascia, excising scalp is not necessary.

RESULTSTwenty patients have received this treatment, the effects are satisfying.

CONCLUSIONSMultiplane dissection through small incisions can remove wrinkles of skin, correct the prolapse of eyebrow and avoid the complications of coronary incision. This approach brings more rapid recovery of patients, it is safe and affective.

Adult ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Forehead ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Rejuvenation ; Rhytidoplasty ; methods

AIMTo study the four diastereomers of leucogen and structure of the related substances.

METHODSLC-DAD, LC-MS/MS and LC- 1H NMR were used. LC was carried out with a Phenomnex Luna C18 (250 mm x 4.60 mm ID, 5 microm) column and a mobile phase of water-acetonitrile-glacial acetic acid (58:42: 0.3).

RESULTSThe structures of leucogen and its related substances were identified. Leucogen and the related substances were found to have four diastereomers in solution state separately. The stability and transformation of the four diastereomers were analyzed and 3R4S5R was found to be more stable than the others according to quantum calculations.

CONCLUSIONLeucogen have four diastereomers in solution state and it can transform from one diastereomer to the others, and the 3R4S5R is more stable than the others.

Chromatography, Liquid ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Molecular Structure ; Quantum Theory ; Solutions ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ; Stereoisomerism ; Thiazolidines ; analysis ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo investigate systematically Schwann cell apoptosis in Wallerian-degenerated sciatic nerve of the rat, and evaluate its time-related feature.

METHODSNinety-five SD rats were divided randomly into one normal group (8 rats) and 11 experimental groups (66 rats, 6 in each). Both hind legs of each rat in experimental groups were randomly divided into test leg (sciatic nerve transected) and control one (nerve uninjured). All test legs constituted a test group and all control legs constituted a control one. After operation, all rats were respectively sacrificed at 1 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 2 d, 3 d, 4 d, 8 d, 14 d, 21 d, and 30 d. We analyzed the specimens of mid-distal sciatic nerve, especially the morphological changes of the nerve, the different expression levels of S-100 protein and apoptosis-related proteins such as Bcl-2, Bax, and Fas in Schwann cells. The TUNEL method was used to detect the apoptotic rate of Schwann cells.

RESULTS(1) The test group showed Wallerian degeneration. The number of Schwann cells began to decrease at 24 h, obviously decreased on day 3 and 4, then began to increase from day 8 and formed Bungner belt after 14 days. (2) Schwann cells generally expressed S-100 at a low level in all groups. The control group was not significantly different from the normal group. The test group had statistical significance at 1 h and day 21. (3) As an inhibitory gene protein of Schwann cell apoptosis, Bcl-2 positive rates in the control and test groups apparently elevated and were statistically different from the normal group. (4) As a promotive gene protein of Schwann cell apoptosis, the control and test groups expressed Bax at a high level and were statistically different from the normal group. (5) As a promotive gene protein of Schwann cell apoptosis, Fas positive rate in control group was slightly elevated, but had no statistical significance compared with the normal group. Fas positive rate in test group continuously elevated in a fluctuant way, with highly statistical significance compared with the normal group. (6) TUNEL detection further proved that Schwann cell apoptosis rarely existed in the normal group, and the left sciatic nerve had no statistical significance compared with the right sciatic nerve. While the test group showed lots of apoptotic nuclei at 6 h, 2 d, 4 d, and 21 d. It had highly statistical significance compared with the normal group.

CONCLUSIONSSchwann cell apoptosis does exist in Wallerian-degenerated sciatic nerve of the rat after transection. Schwann cell apoptosis and its apoptotic genes expression have a time-related feature.

Analysis of Variance ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; Female ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Schwann Cells ; pathology ; Sciatic Nerve ; pathology ; Staining and Labeling ; Wallerian Degeneration ; pathology