OBJECTIVETo study the chemical constituent bud of the flowers of Jasminum officinale var. grandiflorum.

METHODThe compounds were isolated and purified by recrystallization and chromatography on silica gel and Sephadex LH - 20 column. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of physicochemical properties and spectral analysis.

RESULTSix triterpenoid saponins were identified as 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1 --> 2)-beta-D-xylopyranosyl- hederagenin-28-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl (1 --> 6)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl ester (1), hederagenin-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1 --> 3)-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside (2), 2alpha, 3beta, 23-trihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester (3), hederagenin-3-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl (1 --> 3)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1 --> 2)-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside (4), 2alpha, 3beta, 23-trihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1 --> 4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1 --> 6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester (5), hederagenin-3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1 --> 2)-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside (6).

CONCLUSIONCompound 1 is a new compound. Compounds 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 were isolated from the genus Jasminum for the first time.

Chromatography, Gel ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Flowers ; chemistry ; Jasminum ; chemistry ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Molecular Structure ; Saponins ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Triterpenes ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

Background: Current treatments for scoliosis have some defects and complications. To study spinal deformities and test novel scoliosis treatments, many animal models of scoliosis have been developed. These models applied a single load to the spine and could not precisely modulate the spinal growth in different dimensions. In this study, we applied posterior tethering in various directions with the application of nickel?titanium (NT) coil springs in dog's spine to modulate spinal growth in the coronal, sagittal, and transverse planes and create a scoliosis model possess curves that mimic adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) three dimensionally. Methods: Scoliosis was surgically induced in eight 8?week?old female dogs (weight: 1.95–2.30 kg) using bone screws and NT coil springs. The deformity was induced through the placement of posterior NT coil springs that tethered the spine by bone screw fixation. All dogs were monitored with serial radiographs to document changes in deformities. Results: All experimental animals developed scoliotic curves convex to the left in the lumbar segment. The mean coronal Cobb angle was 18.0° immediately postoperatively and 54.5° at 22 weeks. The mean lordosis increased from 6.2° postoperatively to 35.0° at final follow?up. Apical axial rotation increased from 4.5° postoperatively to 31.2° at 22 weeks. Conclusions: With the application of NT springs in dogs that allowed posterior tethering in various directions, lumbar spinal deformity was achieved in three planes: coronal, sagittal, and transverse planes. Notably, the lumbar spine in surgically treated dogs developed lordoscoliosis with obvious rotation and the curves mimic AIS three dimensionally well. This method allows lumbar scoliosis to develop without deep dissection of muscle and maintains the essential anatomical elements along the spinal curve. Moreover, the spinal growth modulation technique could yield information that would provide a basis for developing novel early?stage treatments for children with scoliosis.

OBJECTIVETo explore the possible mechanism of the erector spinal muscles in idiopathic scoliosis by comparing the expression and localization of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) of the thoracic erector spinal muscles on convex side and concave side.

METHODSThe patient group comprised 8 females and 2 males who were scheduled for spinal surgery. The apex of scoliotic curve in these patients arose between T6 and T11. The mean age was 14.3 (range 12-17) years, and the mean Cobb angle was 57.7 degrees (range 45 degrees-85 degrees). Muscle biopsies were taken bilaterally during surgery from the superficial multifidus muscle at the apex of the curve between the 6th and 11th thoracic vertebral levels. Part of the tissue was fixed in formalin and stained with hematoxylin and eosin; the remaining tissue was snap frozen and processed for immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Immunocytochemistry for nNOS and iNOS were performed using the EnVision two-step method. Western blot was done with antibodys to nNOS and iNOS. Immunoreactive bands were visualized by enhanced chemiluminescence according to the manufacturer's specifications (Amersham Corp).

RESULTSnNOS protein in the erector spinal muscles was localized at the sarcolemma. Western blot demonstrated that nNOS protein expression in the concave side of erector spinal muscles is more than that in the convex side. A significant decrease in nNOS protein and activity was found on the convex side of erector spinal muscles from idiopathic scoliosis patients; There was a little immunoreactivity to iNOS in erector spinal muscles. There was little difference in iNOS protein expression between both sides of the curve. Western blot detected the same results.

CONCLUSIONThere is a greater expression of nNOS and iNOS on the concave side than on the convex side, suggesting nNOS and iNOS may play a role in the pathogenesis of idiopathic scoliosis.

Adolescent ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Muscle, Skeletal ; cytology ; enzymology ; Nitric Oxide Synthase ; analysis ; metabolism ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II ; Scoliosis ; enzymology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the perioperative and early-term efficacy of bilateral total knee arthroplasty (BTKA) in one-stage procedure.

METHODSTotally 93 patients operated with BTKA in one-stage procedure from 2003 June to 2005 June were followed up and the curative effect was determined with Hospital for Special Surgery knee-rating system (HSS). The complications were then analyzed.

RESULTSThe mean postoperative HSS score was 89. 6 (55 approximately 96 scores) and the excellence/good rate reached 95. 7% (excellent in 74 cases, good in 15 cases, moderate in 2 cases, and poor in 2 cases). Except for the muscle power, the pain, joint function, range of joint movement (ROM) , deformity, and stability were significantly improved after operation (P < 0. 05). The average ROM of knee was improved to 99. 8 (75-135 ) degrees after operation from 88.9 (25-110) degrees before operation (P < 0. 01). Complications included deep vein thrombosis (n = 2) , incision fat liquidation (n = 2) , deep infection ( n = 1) , urinary infection ( n = 1) , and peroneal nerve palsy (n = 1). No death was documented.

CONCLUSIONBilateral total knee arthroplasty in one-stage procedure under secure conditions can be performed with good outcomes in selected patients without a definite increase in perioperative risk.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee ; adverse effects ; methods ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Knee Prosthesis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Outcome

To study the chemical constituents of the flower of Jasminum officinale L. var. grandiflorum. The compounds were isolated and purified by re-crystallization and chromatography on silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 column. Their structures were elucidated on the physicochemical properties and spectral analysis. Seven glycosides were identified as kaempferol-3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1-->3)-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1-->6)]-beta-D-galactopyranoside (I), kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside (II), 7-ketologanin (III), oleoside-11-methyl ester (IV), 7-glucosyl-l1-methyl oleoside (V), ligstroside (VI), oleuropein (VII). Compound I is a new compound. Compounds III and V were isolated from the family of Jasminum for the first time and compounds II, IV and VI were isolated from Jasminum officinale L. var. grandiflorum for the first time.
Flowers ; chemistry ; Glucosides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Iridoids ; Jasminum ; chemistry ; Kaempferols ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Oligosaccharides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Pyrans ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

To study the chemical constituents of the flowers of Jasminum officinale L. var. grandiflorum, the compounds were isolated and purified by HPLC, recrystallization and chromatography on silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 column. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of physicochemical properties and spectral analysis. Six secoiridoids were identified as jasgranoside (I), jaspolyoside (II), 8-epi-kingiside (III), 10-hydroxy-oleuropein (IV), 10-hydroxy-ligstroside (V), oleoside-7, 11-dimethyl ester (VI). Compound I is a new compound. Compounds II, III, IV, V and VI were isolated from Jasminum officinale L. var. grandiflorum for the first time.
Flowers ; chemistry ; Glucosides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Guaiacol ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Iridoid Glucosides ; Iridoids ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Jasminum ; chemistry ; Molecular Structure ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry

Background The rapid diagnosis can win more treating opportunities for patients with fungal keratitis.Even though the fungal culture is the gold standard for the diagnosis of fungal keratitis,it is difficult in early diagnosis due to the long duration of cultivation and false-negative rate.Objective This trial was to explore the clinical value in the rapid diagnosis of fungal keratitis by the combination of corneal scraping with laser scanning confocal microscopy.Methods Corneal scraping and laser scanning confocal microscopy were separately performed in 167 eyes of 167 patients with fungal keratitis.All the eyes were examined by the slit lamp,followed by laser scanning confocal microscope,and then the 10％ KOH corneal smear was examined under the optical microscope.Results The positive rate of diagnosis was 75％ (125/167) by corneal scraping,and that by laser scanning confocal microscopy was 91％ (152/167).The positive rate of examining outcome was significantly higher in laser scanning confocal microscopy than that of corneal scraping (x2 =14.88,P =0.00).The positive results were 114 cases and negative results were 4 cases by two methods,with the concordance rate 70.7％ (118/167).The hyphae or spore were seen in 32 cases by laser scanning confocal microscopy in 42 negative cases by corneal scraping,and in 15 negative cases by confocal laser scanning microscopy,11 positive outcomes were offered by corneal scraping.Conclusions The combined application of corneal scraping with confocal laser scanning microscopy can improve and speed up the diagnosis positive rate of fungal keratitis.

OBJECTIVETo compare the results of endoscopic surgical decompression of carpal tunnel release (CTR) with open CTR in patients with idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS).

METHODSForty patients with CTS were randomly chosen for a prospective study from April 2000 to August 2002. Endoscopic CTR was performed in 23 CTS patients (26 sides) and open CTR was performed in 17 CTS patients (21 sides). Five parameters were evaluated, including each patient's symptom amelioration, complication, operation time, hospitalization time, and the time needed to resume normal lifestyle. The mean follow-up time was 2 years.

RESULTSNo significant difference was observed between the endoscopic CTR group and open CTR group in regard to symptom amelioration, electromyographic testing, and complications. In comparison to open CTR, endoscopic CTR significantly decreased operation time, hospitalization time, and the time needed to resume normal lifestyle and activity (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONCompared with open CTR, endoscopic CTR has the advantage of reduced pain of scar and shortened time of hospitalization and recovery. It is a safe and effective method for treating idiopathic CTS.

Adult ; Aged ; Arthroscopy ; methods ; Carpal Tunnel Syndrome ; surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Recovery of Function ; Wrist ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo investigate the gene expression and potential functions of transforming growth factor-beta1 in osteophyte development.

METHODSA total of 25 specimens were obtained from individuals undergoing total knee arthroplasty due to severe primary osteoarthritis. Tissue samples were embedded in paraffin wax and made into sections. Hematoxylin and eosin and toluidine blue stainings were performed. The expressions of collagen I, IIa, IIb, and X were detected by immunohistochemistry. Based on the histomorphology of cellularity and matrix abundance, the glycosaminoglycans content, and the differential expressions of collagen I, IIa, IIb, and X, the osteophytic tissues were classified. For each different type of osteophyte, expressions of transforming growth factor-beta1 were detected by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization, and results were analyzed using the image analysis system.

RESULTSFive different types of osteophytes were identified as type I, type II, type III, type IV, and type V. Transforming growth factor-beta1 mRNA was more and intensely expressed in chondrocytes of type II and III osteophytes, and was less in other types of osteophytes. The difference was significant (P<0.05, P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONTransforming growth factor-beta1 mRNA is mainly expressed in early-mid stages of osteophytes and may play an important role in promoting the proliferation and differentiation of chondrocytes in the early stages of osteophyte development.

Chondrocytes ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Osteoarthritis, Knee ; metabolism ; pathology ; Osteophyte ; metabolism ; pathology ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; biosynthesis ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the short-term clinical and radiographic results of modular fully porous-coated stem in revision operation of total hip arthroplasty.

METHODSFrom May 2001 to November 2002, ten cases with twelve hips received revision total hip arthroplasty using modular Profemur R with fully porous-coated stem. There were three males and seven females and the average age was 54.2 years (35 to approximately 71 years). The reasons for revision operation included aseptic loosing in eleven hips and septic loosing in one hip. All the patients were evaluated radiographically and clinically. Radiographic evaluation included the classification of bone loss, leg discrepancy, offset and antiversion before and after revision and bone in-growth postoperatively. Clinical evaluation were based on Harris score system.

RESULTSThe average follow-up period is 13.5 months (range: 6 to approximately 24 months). Leg discrepancy from more than 2 cm in six cases were restored to less than 1 cm postoperatively. Femoral offset, antiversion angle and neck-shaft angle were also restored to normal limitation. All the patients were allowed to full weight-bearing 3 to approximately 5 months later and pain relief occurred in all involved hips. At the last follow-up, bone in-growth occurred in eleven hips and solid fibrous fixation only in one case. Harris score was improved from a mean of 25 to 72. Complications mainly consisted of femoral shaft fracture in three cases but no infection or dislocation was found postoperatively.

CONCLUSIONSSatisfactory results of short-term radiographic and clinical follow-up can be achieved using modular fully porous-coated stem for revision total hip arthroplasty.

Adult ; Aged ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip ; methods ; Bone Cements ; Cementation ; Coated Materials, Biocompatible ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hip Joint ; diagnostic imaging ; Hip Prosthesis ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prosthesis Failure ; Radiography ; Reoperation