OBJECTIVETo study the chemical constituent bud of the flowers of Jasminum officinale var. grandiflorum.

METHODThe compounds were isolated and purified by recrystallization and chromatography on silica gel and Sephadex LH - 20 column. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of physicochemical properties and spectral analysis.

RESULTSix triterpenoid saponins were identified as 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1 --> 2)-beta-D-xylopyranosyl- hederagenin-28-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl (1 --> 6)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl ester (1), hederagenin-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1 --> 3)-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside (2), 2alpha, 3beta, 23-trihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester (3), hederagenin-3-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl (1 --> 3)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1 --> 2)-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside (4), 2alpha, 3beta, 23-trihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1 --> 4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1 --> 6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester (5), hederagenin-3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1 --> 2)-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside (6).

CONCLUSIONCompound 1 is a new compound. Compounds 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 were isolated from the genus Jasminum for the first time.

Chromatography, Gel ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Flowers ; chemistry ; Jasminum ; chemistry ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Molecular Structure ; Saponins ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Triterpenes ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

To study the chemical constituents of the flower of Jasminum officinale L. var. grandiflorum. The compounds were isolated and purified by re-crystallization and chromatography on silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 column. Their structures were elucidated on the physicochemical properties and spectral analysis. Seven glycosides were identified as kaempferol-3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1-->3)-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1-->6)]-beta-D-galactopyranoside (I), kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside (II), 7-ketologanin (III), oleoside-11-methyl ester (IV), 7-glucosyl-l1-methyl oleoside (V), ligstroside (VI), oleuropein (VII). Compound I is a new compound. Compounds III and V were isolated from the family of Jasminum for the first time and compounds II, IV and VI were isolated from Jasminum officinale L. var. grandiflorum for the first time.
Flowers ; chemistry ; Glucosides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Iridoids ; Jasminum ; chemistry ; Kaempferols ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Oligosaccharides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Pyrans ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

To study the chemical constituents of the flowers of Jasminum officinale L. var. grandiflorum, the compounds were isolated and purified by HPLC, recrystallization and chromatography on silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 column. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of physicochemical properties and spectral analysis. Six secoiridoids were identified as jasgranoside (I), jaspolyoside (II), 8-epi-kingiside (III), 10-hydroxy-oleuropein (IV), 10-hydroxy-ligstroside (V), oleoside-7, 11-dimethyl ester (VI). Compound I is a new compound. Compounds II, III, IV, V and VI were isolated from Jasminum officinale L. var. grandiflorum for the first time.
Flowers ; chemistry ; Glucosides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Guaiacol ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Iridoid Glucosides ; Iridoids ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Jasminum ; chemistry ; Molecular Structure ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo explore the possible mechanism of the erector spinal muscles in idiopathic scoliosis by comparing the expression and localization of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) of the thoracic erector spinal muscles on convex side and concave side.

METHODSThe patient group comprised 8 females and 2 males who were scheduled for spinal surgery. The apex of scoliotic curve in these patients arose between T6 and T11. The mean age was 14.3 (range 12-17) years, and the mean Cobb angle was 57.7 degrees (range 45 degrees-85 degrees). Muscle biopsies were taken bilaterally during surgery from the superficial multifidus muscle at the apex of the curve between the 6th and 11th thoracic vertebral levels. Part of the tissue was fixed in formalin and stained with hematoxylin and eosin; the remaining tissue was snap frozen and processed for immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Immunocytochemistry for nNOS and iNOS were performed using the EnVision two-step method. Western blot was done with antibodys to nNOS and iNOS. Immunoreactive bands were visualized by enhanced chemiluminescence according to the manufacturer's specifications (Amersham Corp).

RESULTSnNOS protein in the erector spinal muscles was localized at the sarcolemma. Western blot demonstrated that nNOS protein expression in the concave side of erector spinal muscles is more than that in the convex side. A significant decrease in nNOS protein and activity was found on the convex side of erector spinal muscles from idiopathic scoliosis patients; There was a little immunoreactivity to iNOS in erector spinal muscles. There was little difference in iNOS protein expression between both sides of the curve. Western blot detected the same results.

CONCLUSIONThere is a greater expression of nNOS and iNOS on the concave side than on the convex side, suggesting nNOS and iNOS may play a role in the pathogenesis of idiopathic scoliosis.

Adolescent ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Muscle, Skeletal ; cytology ; enzymology ; Nitric Oxide Synthase ; analysis ; metabolism ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II ; Scoliosis ; enzymology

Background The rapid diagnosis can win more treating opportunities for patients with fungal keratitis.Even though the fungal culture is the gold standard for the diagnosis of fungal keratitis,it is difficult in early diagnosis due to the long duration of cultivation and false-negative rate.Objective This trial was to explore the clinical value in the rapid diagnosis of fungal keratitis by the combination of corneal scraping with laser scanning confocal microscopy.Methods Corneal scraping and laser scanning confocal microscopy were separately performed in 167 eyes of 167 patients with fungal keratitis.All the eyes were examined by the slit lamp,followed by laser scanning confocal microscope,and then the 10％ KOH corneal smear was examined under the optical microscope.Results The positive rate of diagnosis was 75％ (125/167) by corneal scraping,and that by laser scanning confocal microscopy was 91％ (152/167).The positive rate of examining outcome was significantly higher in laser scanning confocal microscopy than that of corneal scraping (x2 =14.88,P =0.00).The positive results were 114 cases and negative results were 4 cases by two methods,with the concordance rate 70.7％ (118/167).The hyphae or spore were seen in 32 cases by laser scanning confocal microscopy in 42 negative cases by corneal scraping,and in 15 negative cases by confocal laser scanning microscopy,11 positive outcomes were offered by corneal scraping.Conclusions The combined application of corneal scraping with confocal laser scanning microscopy can improve and speed up the diagnosis positive rate of fungal keratitis.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the perioperative and early-term efficacy of bilateral total knee arthroplasty (BTKA) in one-stage procedure.

METHODSTotally 93 patients operated with BTKA in one-stage procedure from 2003 June to 2005 June were followed up and the curative effect was determined with Hospital for Special Surgery knee-rating system (HSS). The complications were then analyzed.

RESULTSThe mean postoperative HSS score was 89. 6 (55 approximately 96 scores) and the excellence/good rate reached 95. 7% (excellent in 74 cases, good in 15 cases, moderate in 2 cases, and poor in 2 cases). Except for the muscle power, the pain, joint function, range of joint movement (ROM) , deformity, and stability were significantly improved after operation (P < 0. 05). The average ROM of knee was improved to 99. 8 (75-135 ) degrees after operation from 88.9 (25-110) degrees before operation (P < 0. 01). Complications included deep vein thrombosis (n = 2) , incision fat liquidation (n = 2) , deep infection ( n = 1) , urinary infection ( n = 1) , and peroneal nerve palsy (n = 1). No death was documented.

CONCLUSIONBilateral total knee arthroplasty in one-stage procedure under secure conditions can be performed with good outcomes in selected patients without a definite increase in perioperative risk.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee ; adverse effects ; methods ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Knee Prosthesis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo compare the results of endoscopic surgical decompression of carpal tunnel release (CTR) with open CTR in patients with idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS).

METHODSForty patients with CTS were randomly chosen for a prospective study from April 2000 to August 2002. Endoscopic CTR was performed in 23 CTS patients (26 sides) and open CTR was performed in 17 CTS patients (21 sides). Five parameters were evaluated, including each patient's symptom amelioration, complication, operation time, hospitalization time, and the time needed to resume normal lifestyle. The mean follow-up time was 2 years.

RESULTSNo significant difference was observed between the endoscopic CTR group and open CTR group in regard to symptom amelioration, electromyographic testing, and complications. In comparison to open CTR, endoscopic CTR significantly decreased operation time, hospitalization time, and the time needed to resume normal lifestyle and activity (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONCompared with open CTR, endoscopic CTR has the advantage of reduced pain of scar and shortened time of hospitalization and recovery. It is a safe and effective method for treating idiopathic CTS.

Adult ; Aged ; Arthroscopy ; methods ; Carpal Tunnel Syndrome ; surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Recovery of Function ; Wrist ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo investigate the feasibility and clinical significance of posterior vertebra column resection and reconstruction in the treatment of severe kyphosis.

METHODSWe retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 12 patients with severe kyphosis who received posterior vertebra column resection and reconstruction from January 2003 to July 2007.

RESULTSThe mean operation time was 5.0 h (4.0 - 7.8 h) and the evaluated blood loss during operation was 1 800 ml (800-3,000 ml). No neurologic complications or post-operative infections were noted. The patients became ambulatory 8 days after operation. Before operation, 5 patients were found to have neurological deficit, including Frankel grade A in 1 patient and D in 4 patients. After operation, the grades were all recovered to Frankel E. After operation, the Cobb angle of the kyphosis was corrected to 38 degrees, with an average correction rate of 63%.

CONCLUSIONSPosterior vertebra column resection and reconstruction may be a safe and effective technique for the treatment of severe kyphosis. It can fully decompress the neurological structures, correct the kyphosis deformity, and achieve early weight-bearing. It is especially useful to avoid neurological injury.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Kyphosis ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Osteotomy ; methods ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Retrospective Studies ; Spine ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the methods of restoring normal level of rotation center of the hip and limb length in patients with osteoarthritis (OA) secondary to developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) using total hip arthroplasty (THA).

METHODSFrom January 2000 to January 2003, total hip arthroplasties were performed for 21 patients (26 hips) with OA secondary to DDH. There were 19 females and 2 males with an average age of 51 years (range from 40 to 66 years). Based on radiographic classification of Crowe, there were 12 in type I, 5 in type II, 2 in type III and IV respectively. In addition to the standard procedure of THA, the methods of restoring normal level of rotating center of the hip included structural bone autografting and medialization of the cup. The methods of limb length restoration included carefully preoperative planning and intraoperative soft tissue release. During the follow-up period at 3, 6, 12 months postoperatively and then annually thereafter, rotation center of the hip and limb length were assessed radiographically. Harris score system (HSS) was used for clinical evaluation.

RESULTSAll the patients were followed up for a mean time of 26.4 months (range from 12 to 48 months). All the patients had restoration of the normal level of rotation center of the hip. At the latest follow-up, Harris score was improved from preoperative 35 points (range from 12 to 68 points) to postoperative 94 points (range from 74 to 100 points).

CONCLUSIONIn addition to standard procedure, the restoration of normal level of rotation center of the hip could be achieved by structural bone autografting and medialization of the cup in THA for patients with DDH. Careful preoperative planning and intraoperative soft tissue release could restore limb length.

Adult ; Aged ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip ; methods ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hip Dislocation, Congenital ; complications ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Osteoarthritis, Hip ; etiology ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo investigate the gene expression and potential functions of transforming growth factor-beta1 in osteophyte development.

METHODSA total of 25 specimens were obtained from individuals undergoing total knee arthroplasty due to severe primary osteoarthritis. Tissue samples were embedded in paraffin wax and made into sections. Hematoxylin and eosin and toluidine blue stainings were performed. The expressions of collagen I, IIa, IIb, and X were detected by immunohistochemistry. Based on the histomorphology of cellularity and matrix abundance, the glycosaminoglycans content, and the differential expressions of collagen I, IIa, IIb, and X, the osteophytic tissues were classified. For each different type of osteophyte, expressions of transforming growth factor-beta1 were detected by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization, and results were analyzed using the image analysis system.

RESULTSFive different types of osteophytes were identified as type I, type II, type III, type IV, and type V. Transforming growth factor-beta1 mRNA was more and intensely expressed in chondrocytes of type II and III osteophytes, and was less in other types of osteophytes. The difference was significant (P<0.05, P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONTransforming growth factor-beta1 mRNA is mainly expressed in early-mid stages of osteophytes and may play an important role in promoting the proliferation and differentiation of chondrocytes in the early stages of osteophyte development.

Chondrocytes ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Osteoarthritis, Knee ; metabolism ; pathology ; Osteophyte ; metabolism ; pathology ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; biosynthesis ; genetics