Objective: To study the polysaccharides in different development stages of Armillaria mellea.Method: Polysaccharides in rhizomorph, fruit-body, mycelia and its fermenting liquor of A. mellea were extracted, isolated and purified. The properties contents, molar ratio and molecular weight of the polysaccharides were determined by IR spectra, HPLC, GPC and gel chromatography. Result:The polysaccharides in mycelia and its fermenting liquor contained only glucose, the sugar contents were 9.00% in mycelia and 0.87 g*(100 ml)-1in fermenting liquor respectively. The polysaccharides in both rhizomorph and fruit-body consisted of glucose and xylose, and the molar ratio was 1∶14 in rhizomorph and 1∶10 in fruit-body respectively; the polysaccharide contents were 1.12% in rhizomorph and 2.27% in fruit-body. The molecular weight of these polysaccharides was about 10 000～70 000.Conclusion: The experimental results supply important scientific data for developing A. mellea as a medicine.

AIMTo study the chemical constituents of Marsdenia tenacissima (Roxb.) Wight et Arn.

METHODSTo separate compounds with various chromatography technology and to elucidate their structures by chemical and spectral analysis.

RESULTSTwo compounds were isolated from Marsdenia tenacissima and their stuctures were determined as tenacissosides J (I) and tenacissosides K (II).

CONCLUSIONCompounds I and II are new C21 steroidal glycosides.

Glycosides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Marsdenia ; chemistry ; Molecular Conformation ; Molecular Structure ; Plant Stems ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Steroids ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

OBJECTIVEAIM To study the chemical constituents of the fruit of Eucalyptus globulus.

METHODVarious column chromatographies with silica gel were employed for the isolation and purification. The structures of the compounds were elucidated with of spectral analyses and chemical methods.

RESULTFive compounds were isolated and elucidated as follows: betulonic acid (I), betulinic acid (II), ursolic acid (III), corosolic acid (IV), daucosterol (V).

CONCLUSIONCompound I, II, III and IV were isolated from this plant for the first time.

Eucalyptus ; chemistry ; Fruit ; chemistry ; Oleanolic Acid ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Triterpenes ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

Animals ; Biliary Tract ; abnormalities ; diagnostic imaging ; Cats ; Cholangiography ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Liver ; metabolism ; pathology ; Liver Diseases ; diagnostic imaging ; etiology ; metabolism ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Mitochondria, Liver ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Pancreatic Ducts ; abnormalities ; diagnostic imaging

The objective of this paper is to develop a fast analysis method to determine fingerprints of Radix Glycyrrhizae from different areas of China for identification and quality control. The experiments were carried out under following conditions: Agilent Eclipse Plus C18 (4.6 mm x 50 mm, 1.8 microm) column, acetonitrile and 0. 05% phosphoric acid solution as the mobile phases with gradient elution, flow rate 1.0 mL x min(-1), analysis time 11 min. The run time of the method was obviously decreased from 36 minutes to 11 minutes compared with routine HPLC method. The cluster analyses of the fingerprints of the 70 samples were performed by SPSS. The results showed that all samples were classified into 2 groups, 59 Glycyrrhiza uralensis as well as 11 G. inflata. Three compounds, liquiritin apioside, liquiritin and glycyrrhiza acid should be considered as effective references for quality control of Radix Glycyrrhizae. This method can be used widely for identification and quality control of Radix Glycyrrhizae.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Flavanones ; analysis ; Glucosides ; analysis ; Glycyrrhiza ; chemistry ; Glycyrrhizic Acid ; analysis ; Reproducibility of Results

Abstract: Objective　To analyze the clinical characteristics and changes of serum IgG, IgM antibodies in patients infected with the SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.529 (Omicron) variant. Methods　The clinical data of 82 patients with SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.529 variant was analyzed retrospectively. Based on the presence of pneumonia on chest CT, the patients were divided into pneumonia group and non-pneumonia group. Serum IgG, IgM antibodies were observed at 5 time points T1 (1~<4 d), T2 (4~<8 d), T3 (8~<15 d), T4 (15~<22 d) and T5 (22~<30 d) after admission. Results　Among the 82 patients infected with the SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.529 variant strain, there were 62 cases of cough, 31 cases of fever, 33 cases of throat discomfort, 5 cases of muscle soreness and 3 cases of diarrhea. The serum IgG antibody levels at 5 time points were 50.22 (142.20) AU/mL, 326.50 (220.63) AU/mL, 368.23 (76.21) AU/mL, 368.65 (79) AU/mL, and 385.26 (113.10) AU/mL, respectively. The level of serum IgG antibody in the pneumonia group was lower than that of the non-pneumonia group at T1 and T4 time points, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05) , the positive rate of serum IgG antibody in the pneumonia group was lower than that of the non-pneumonia group at the T1 time point, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05) . The serum IgM antibody levels at 5 time points were 0.41 (0.81) AU/mL, 0.95 (1.62) AU/mL, 1.09 (2.42) AU/mL, 0.74 (3) AU/mL, and 0.81 (3.10) AU/mL respectively, and there was no significant difference between the two groups. Conclusion　The clinical symptoms of patients infected with the SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.529 variant strain are mild. Serum IgG antibodies increased after infection, but there are some differences between the pneumonia group and the non-pneumonia group, whether serum IgG has a protective effect needs further research; the serum IgM antibodies do not increase highly after infection, there are some differences between individuals.

Objective To investigate the association between the genetic variant of miRNA-1 target gene COG6 rs9548934 C→T and the risk of premature coronary artery disease (pCAD).Methods This study included 226 pACD patients and 275 gender and age matched pCAD-free controls hospitalized in our hospital,diagnosis was made based on coronary angiography ( CAG ) results.The genotypes of miRNA-1 target gene COG6 rs9548934 C→T were detected by PCR-RFLP.Results Compared with the wide genotype CC,subjects with the variant genotypes CT of rs9548934 C→T was associated with a 45％ lower risk of pACD (adjusted OR =0.55,95％ CI =0.36 -0.82,P =0.003),and the subjects with CT/TT genotypes were also associated with a significantly lower risk of pACD ( adjusted OR =0.64,95％ CI =0.44 - 0.92,P=0.015).Using the median serum TG level (1.20 mmol/L) in control group as the cutoff value,subjects with higher serum TG levels were associated with increased risk of pACD after adjustment for age,gender and BMI ( adjusted OR =2.32,95％ CI =1.57 - 3.41,P ＜ 0.001 ).In addition,subjects with higher HDL-C levels were associated with significantly lower risk of pACD ( adjusted OR =0.48,95％ CI =0.31 -0.75,P =0.001 ).Stratified analyses showed that the risk reduction for pCAD in CT/TT genotypes carriers was more significant in the female subjects ( adjusted OR =0.54,95％ CI =0.30 - 0.97,P=0.040),and in subjects with lower TG,TC,HDL-C and LDL-C levels (adjusted OR =0.62,95％ CI =0.39 - 0.98,P =0.040; adjusted OR =0.55,95 ％ CI =0.35 - 0.85,P =0.008; adjusted OR =0.43,95％CI=0.22-0.87,P=0.018; adjusted OR=0.49,95％CI=0.32-0.75,P=0.001,respectively).Conclusion The polymorphism of miRNA-1 target gene COG6 rs9548934C→T is associated with lower risk of pCAD,especially in female subjects and subjects with lower serum lipid levels.

Many of the epiphytic Orchids are used as traditional Chinese medicine. The chemical components and pharmacology have been studied in recent 15 years. This article reviewed the studies which will be beneficial to reveal the relatives among these medicinal plants in the Orchid Family and be helpful to develop new drugs.
Adjuvants, Immunologic ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Flavones ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Molecular Structure ; Orchidaceae ; chemistry ; classification ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; classification ; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Polysaccharides ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Stilbenes ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology

Forest plays very important roles in global system with about 35% land area producing about 70% of total land net production. It is important to consider both elevated CO(2) concentrations and different soil moisture when the possible effects of elevated CO(2) concentration on trees are assessed. In this study, we grew Cinnamomum camphora seedlings under two CO(2) concentrations (350 micromol/mol and 500 micromol/mol) and three soil moisture levels [80%, 60% and 40% FWC (field water capacity)] to focus on the effects of exposure of trees to elevated CO(2) on underground and aboveground plant growth, and its dependence on soil moisture. The results indicated that high CO(2) concentration has no significant effects on shoot height but significantly impacts shoot weight and ratio of shoot weight to height under three soil moisture levels. The response of root growth to CO(2) enrichment is just reversed, there are obvious effects on root length growth, but no effects on root weight growth and ratio of root weight to length. The CO(2) enrichment decreased 20.42%, 32.78%, 20.59% of weight ratio of root to shoot under 40%, 60% and 80% FWC soil water conditions, respectively. And elevated CO(2) concentration significantly increased the water content in aboveground and underground parts. Then we concluded that high CO(2) concentration favours more tree aboveground biomass growth than underground biomass growth under favorable soil water conditions. And CO(2) enrichment enhanced lateral growth of shoot and vertical growth of root. The responses of plants to elevated CO(2) depend on soil water availability, and plants may benefit more from CO(2) enrichment with sufficient water supply.
Biomass ; Carbon Dioxide ; metabolism ; Cinnamomum camphora ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Plant Roots ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Plant Shoots ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Soil ; Trees ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Water ; metabolism