Objective: To study the polysaccharides in different development stages of Armillaria mellea.Method: Polysaccharides in rhizomorph, fruit-body, mycelia and its fermenting liquor of A. mellea were extracted, isolated and purified. The properties contents, molar ratio and molecular weight of the polysaccharides were determined by IR spectra, HPLC, GPC and gel chromatography. Result:The polysaccharides in mycelia and its fermenting liquor contained only glucose, the sugar contents were 9.00% in mycelia and 0.87 g*(100 ml)-1in fermenting liquor respectively. The polysaccharides in both rhizomorph and fruit-body consisted of glucose and xylose, and the molar ratio was 1∶14 in rhizomorph and 1∶10 in fruit-body respectively; the polysaccharide contents were 1.12% in rhizomorph and 2.27% in fruit-body. The molecular weight of these polysaccharides was about 10 000～70 000.Conclusion: The experimental results supply important scientific data for developing A. mellea as a medicine.

OBJECTIVEAIM To study the chemical constituents of the fruit of Eucalyptus globulus.

METHODVarious column chromatographies with silica gel were employed for the isolation and purification. The structures of the compounds were elucidated with of spectral analyses and chemical methods.

RESULTFive compounds were isolated and elucidated as follows: betulonic acid (I), betulinic acid (II), ursolic acid (III), corosolic acid (IV), daucosterol (V).

CONCLUSIONCompound I, II, III and IV were isolated from this plant for the first time.

Eucalyptus ; chemistry ; Fruit ; chemistry ; Oleanolic Acid ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Triterpenes ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

AIMTo study the chemical constituents of Marsdenia tenacissima (Roxb.) Wight et Arn.

METHODSTo separate compounds with various chromatography technology and to elucidate their structures by chemical and spectral analysis.

RESULTSTwo compounds were isolated from Marsdenia tenacissima and their stuctures were determined as tenacissosides J (I) and tenacissosides K (II).

CONCLUSIONCompounds I and II are new C21 steroidal glycosides.

Glycosides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Marsdenia ; chemistry ; Molecular Conformation ; Molecular Structure ; Plant Stems ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Steroids ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

The objective of this paper is to develop a fast analysis method to determine fingerprints of Radix Glycyrrhizae from different areas of China for identification and quality control. The experiments were carried out under following conditions: Agilent Eclipse Plus C18 (4.6 mm x 50 mm, 1.8 microm) column, acetonitrile and 0. 05% phosphoric acid solution as the mobile phases with gradient elution, flow rate 1.0 mL x min(-1), analysis time 11 min. The run time of the method was obviously decreased from 36 minutes to 11 minutes compared with routine HPLC method. The cluster analyses of the fingerprints of the 70 samples were performed by SPSS. The results showed that all samples were classified into 2 groups, 59 Glycyrrhiza uralensis as well as 11 G. inflata. Three compounds, liquiritin apioside, liquiritin and glycyrrhiza acid should be considered as effective references for quality control of Radix Glycyrrhizae. This method can be used widely for identification and quality control of Radix Glycyrrhizae.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Flavanones ; analysis ; Glucosides ; analysis ; Glycyrrhiza ; chemistry ; Glycyrrhizic Acid ; analysis ; Reproducibility of Results

Animals ; Biliary Tract ; abnormalities ; diagnostic imaging ; Cats ; Cholangiography ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Liver ; metabolism ; pathology ; Liver Diseases ; diagnostic imaging ; etiology ; metabolism ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Mitochondria, Liver ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Pancreatic Ducts ; abnormalities ; diagnostic imaging

Objective To investigate the association between the genetic variant of miRNA-1 target gene COG6 rs9548934 C→T and the risk of premature coronary artery disease (pCAD).Methods This study included 226 pACD patients and 275 gender and age matched pCAD-free controls hospitalized in our hospital,diagnosis was made based on coronary angiography ( CAG ) results.The genotypes of miRNA-1 target gene COG6 rs9548934 C→T were detected by PCR-RFLP.Results Compared with the wide genotype CC,subjects with the variant genotypes CT of rs9548934 C→T was associated with a 45％ lower risk of pACD (adjusted OR =0.55,95％ CI =0.36 -0.82,P =0.003),and the subjects with CT/TT genotypes were also associated with a significantly lower risk of pACD ( adjusted OR =0.64,95％ CI =0.44 - 0.92,P=0.015).Using the median serum TG level (1.20 mmol/L) in control group as the cutoff value,subjects with higher serum TG levels were associated with increased risk of pACD after adjustment for age,gender and BMI ( adjusted OR =2.32,95％ CI =1.57 - 3.41,P ＜ 0.001 ).In addition,subjects with higher HDL-C levels were associated with significantly lower risk of pACD ( adjusted OR =0.48,95％ CI =0.31 -0.75,P =0.001 ).Stratified analyses showed that the risk reduction for pCAD in CT/TT genotypes carriers was more significant in the female subjects ( adjusted OR =0.54,95％ CI =0.30 - 0.97,P=0.040),and in subjects with lower TG,TC,HDL-C and LDL-C levels (adjusted OR =0.62,95％ CI =0.39 - 0.98,P =0.040; adjusted OR =0.55,95 ％ CI =0.35 - 0.85,P =0.008; adjusted OR =0.43,95％CI=0.22-0.87,P=0.018; adjusted OR=0.49,95％CI=0.32-0.75,P=0.001,respectively).Conclusion The polymorphism of miRNA-1 target gene COG6 rs9548934C→T is associated with lower risk of pCAD,especially in female subjects and subjects with lower serum lipid levels.

Abstract: Objective　To analyze the clinical characteristics and changes of serum IgG, IgM antibodies in patients infected with the SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.529 (Omicron) variant. Methods　The clinical data of 82 patients with SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.529 variant was analyzed retrospectively. Based on the presence of pneumonia on chest CT, the patients were divided into pneumonia group and non-pneumonia group. Serum IgG, IgM antibodies were observed at 5 time points T1 (1~<4 d), T2 (4~<8 d), T3 (8~<15 d), T4 (15~<22 d) and T5 (22~<30 d) after admission. Results　Among the 82 patients infected with the SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.529 variant strain, there were 62 cases of cough, 31 cases of fever, 33 cases of throat discomfort, 5 cases of muscle soreness and 3 cases of diarrhea. The serum IgG antibody levels at 5 time points were 50.22 (142.20) AU/mL, 326.50 (220.63) AU/mL, 368.23 (76.21) AU/mL, 368.65 (79) AU/mL, and 385.26 (113.10) AU/mL, respectively. The level of serum IgG antibody in the pneumonia group was lower than that of the non-pneumonia group at T1 and T4 time points, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05) , the positive rate of serum IgG antibody in the pneumonia group was lower than that of the non-pneumonia group at the T1 time point, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05) . The serum IgM antibody levels at 5 time points were 0.41 (0.81) AU/mL, 0.95 (1.62) AU/mL, 1.09 (2.42) AU/mL, 0.74 (3) AU/mL, and 0.81 (3.10) AU/mL respectively, and there was no significant difference between the two groups. Conclusion　The clinical symptoms of patients infected with the SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.529 variant strain are mild. Serum IgG antibodies increased after infection, but there are some differences between the pneumonia group and the non-pneumonia group, whether serum IgG has a protective effect needs further research; the serum IgM antibodies do not increase highly after infection, there are some differences between individuals.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of a new anticoagulant, annexin V derivative (AND) on anticoagulation and antithrombosis.

METHODSHigh and low doses of AND were given to rabbits (groups 1 and 2 respectively) by intravenous (iv) bolus injections followed by half the respective AND doses by iv infusion over 2 hours. Control groups were iv given heparin (group 3) and saline (group 4) of the same volume and procedure as that in group 1 and 2. Blood cell count, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT), thrombin time (TT) and fibrinogen level were examined before and 15, 30 and 60 min after iv bolus and 2 hours after the end of iv infusion. A 3.0 mm x 15 mm balloon was put into femoral artery to induce endothelial denudation 15 min after IV bolus and the blood pressure of femoral artery was monitored until the pulse pressure recorded 0 mm Hg when the vessel was occluded completely by a thrombus. The femoral arteries were collected and the thrombi were stripped off for measuring their lengths, wet and dry weights.

RESULTSAnticoagulation parameters: APTT at 15 min after iv bolus in AND group was significantly longer than that in group 4 (P < 0.05) but shorter than that in group 3 (P < 0.05); APTT and TT in group 3 were significantly longer than those in groups 1, 2 and 4. Fibrinogen: 0.70 mg/kg AND may decrease fibrinogen. Antithrombosis values: the wet and dry weights in AND groups were significantly lighter than those in group 3 and 4 (P < 0.05). The dry weight in high-dose AND group was remarkably lighter than that in low-dose group (P = 0.029). The length of thrombus in low-dose AND group was remarkably shorter than that in group 4 (P = 0.013), but not for group 3 (P > 0.05). It was remarkably shorter in high-dose AND group than in both group 3 (P < 0.001) and 4 (P = 0.015). The time when pulse pressure equaled to 0 was longer in AND group than in group 4 (P < 0.05), but not in 3.

CONCLUSIONAND is an effective anticoagulant and antithrombosis agent, the highest anticoagulation effect occurs at 15 min after IV bolus. Its anticoagulation effect is not more potent than that of standard heparin, while antithrombosis capacity is more effective. AND in treating thrombosis clinically might be promising.

Animals ; Annexin A5 ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Anticoagulants ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Blood Coagulation ; drug effects ; Disease Models, Animal ; Fibrinogen ; analysis ; Humans ; Injections, Intravenous ; Male ; Partial Thromboplastin Time ; Prothrombin Time ; Rabbits ; Random Allocation ; Thrombin Time ; Thrombosis ; prevention & control

Geobiontic type medicinal plants subjected to Orchidaceae family are used as important traditional Chinese medicine. Scientists are paying more attentions to their chemical components and pharmacology recently. This paper reviewed their chemical components involved in phenanthrene, bibenzene, flavone, sterol, terpenes, alkoloids and pharmacology such as antibacterium, cytotoxic activity, antihyperliposis effects. All these information are beneficial to reveal the relative among these medicinal plants in Orchidaceae family and are helpful to develop new drugs.
Alkaloids ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; pharmacology ; Flavones ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Hypolipidemic Agents ; pharmacology ; Molecular Structure ; Orchidaceae ; chemistry ; classification ; Phenanthrenes ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plants, Medicinal