Objective To assess the effect of levothyroxine , lipoic acid and their combination therapy on improving the cognitive deficit and on the level of oxidative stress in the serum and hippocampus tissue of adult hypothyroid rast .Methods Fifty male SD rats were randomly divided into five groups:normal group , hypothyroidism group [ propylthioaracil ( PTU ) group], the levothyroxine sodium (L-T4) treatment group (PTU +L-T4 group), the lipoid acid(LA) treatment group (PTU+LA group), and the two-drug combination group (PTU+LT-4+LA group).After 8 weeks of treatment, the learn-ing and memory abilities of the rats were evaluated by Morris Water Maze ( MWM ) .The content of malondialdehyde ( MDA) and the activities of superoxide dismutase ( SOD) in the serum and hippocampus were respectively measured using thiobarbituric acid ,and xanthine-xanthine oxidase methods .Results Compared with the normal group , the escape latency was longer(P<0.01), the MDA level was increased and the SOD activity was decreased in the serum and hippocampus in the PTU group (P<0.001).Compared with PTU group, the SOD activity was increased and the MDA level was decreased in the PTU +L-T4 group, PTU +LA group and PTU +L-T4 +LA group(P<0.05).There was significant difference in MWM test score .Conclusion The L-T4 and LA combination therapy can significantly improve the cognitive function of hypothyroid rats.

Alzheimer's disease(AD)is a multi-cause neurodegenerative disease characterized by memory impairment.There have been serious obstacles to the effective treatment of AD.Acupuncture,as a component of traditional Chinese medicine,plays an important role in the treatment of AD.Acupuncture has been shown to protect neurons from degeneration and promotes axonal regeneration in neurodegenerative diseases such as AD.According to existing studies,the mechanisms of acupuncture on AD include the following aspects:modulation of Aβ metabolism,tau phosphorylation,cholinergic neurotransmitters,neuroinflammation,synaptic and neuronal function,autophagy,brain glucose metabolism,intestinal flora,and inhibition of nerve cell apoptosis,which in turn improves cognition.

AIM: To investigate the role of nuclear factor ?B (NF-?B) in the induction of IL-8 gene by TNF-? in colon cancer cells and the effect of antioxidant on the induction of IL-8. METHODS: ELISA was used to detect the concentrations of IL-8. IL-8 mRNA was analyzed by using RT-PCR. NF-?B in the cell nuclei was detected with electrophoretic mobility shift assay. RESULTS: (1) IL-8 production and IL-8 mRNA expression induced by TNF-? was blocked by pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC). (2) TNF-? triggered the activation and translocation of NF-?B and PDTC inhibited the activation of NF-?B induced by TNF-?. CONCLUSION: The induction of IL-8 gene and protein by TNF-? is dependent on the activation of NF-?B. Antioxidants may inhibit the induction of IL-8 gene and protein through inhibiting NF-?B activation.

Biomass carbohydrates assimilation and lipid accumulation by Mortierella isabellina M2 strain were investigated. Corn fiber hydrolysate was specially studied. The results showed M. isabellina M2 strain achieved growth and lipid accumulation while glucose, xylose, mannose and arabinose were introduced as single carbon source, respectively. When M. isabellina M2 strain was cultivated on corn fiber hydrolysate with 6% sugars concentration, the biomass reached 18.2 g/L, the lipid content of dry mycelia was 45.7%, and the lipid yield achieved 8.3 g/L. It provided a promising perspective for microbial oils production with biomass hydrolysates.
Biomass ; Carbohydrate Metabolism ; Carbon ; metabolism ; Fermentation ; Industrial Microbiology ; methods ; Lipids ; biosynthesis ; Mortierella ; metabolism ; Zea mays ; metabolism

Objective:The implementation of a multidisciplinary team (MDT) approach for palliative treatment of patients with multi-ple primary carcinomas (MPCs) was evaluated in Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital. Methods:A total of 40 pa-tients with MPCs who attended the consultation by MDT in our hospital from January 1, 2014 to April 21, 2016 were analyzed retro-spectively. Clinical data of the 40 cancer patients were reviewed. The essential characteristics and results of MDT treatment decisions were summarized and expected outcomes were evaluated. Results:A total of 40 cases with MPCs were included in MDT assessment, accounting for 6.4%of the 629 patients who were handled by the MDT. A total of 39 MDT decisions were followed up successfully. Among these MDT decisions, 26 (65%) were fully implemented, 7 (17.5%) were partially implemented, and 6 (15.0%) were unimple-mented. Expected outcomes were achieved in 25 (96.2%) patients of the fully implemented concordant group, 4 (57.1%) patients of the partially concordant group, and 1 (16.7%) patient from the unimplemented group. Conclusion:MDT specializing on palliative treat-ment can provide recommendations for standardized individualized comprehensive treatment of patients with MPCs. MDT modality should be further improved and widely used for palliative treatment.

The three-step dissolution experiment was established to investigate the in vitro release of budesonide colon-specific tablet and to elucidate the drug release mechanism by fitting to different mathematical models. The physiological parameters of stomach, small intestine and colon such as pH value, intestinal flora, specific organic enzyme, vermiculation and conveying time were mimicked to plot the in vitro dissolution, separately. Sample were taken at predetermined time intervals in 24 h and the accumulated drug releases were determined by using HPLC method. Drug release curves of the localization tablets were fitted to various mathematical models. It shows that no drug release was found in 2 h. About 5% release was determined after 6 h while 77.5% accumulated release was reached within 24 h. Drug release from the in house formulation fitted well into first-order model. The three-step dissolution method could be used to evaluate the colon-specific characteristics of budesonide colonic localization tablet. The drug release behavior of the localization tablet conforms to the drug release mechanisms of controlled porosity osmotic pump where osmotic pressure is the main driving force for controlled delivery of drugs.
Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Budesonide ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Colon ; metabolism ; Delayed-Action Preparations ; Drug Carriers ; Drug Compounding ; Drug Delivery Systems ; methods ; Excipients ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; In Vitro Techniques ; Intestinal Secretions ; Models, Theoretical ; Rats ; Tablets

Hydroxycamptothecin (HCPT) loaded PEG modified nanostructured lipid carriers (HCPT-PEG-NLC) and nanostructured lipid carriers (HCPT-NLC) were prepared by melt emulsification and homogenization method. The morphology, particle size and encapsulation efficiency of them were investigated. HCPT concentrations in plasma, heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney and ovary were determined after iv of HCPT injection, HCPT-PEG-NLC and HCPT-NLC in mice. The targeting indexes of HCPT-PEG-NLC and HCPT-NLC were calculated. The transmission electron microscope imaging showed that HCPT-PEG-NLC and HCPT-NLC exhibited a spherical shape. The particle sizes of them were (88.6 +/- 22.5) and (127.2 +/- 43.4) nm. The encapsulation efficiency were (90.51 +/- 3.29)% and (84.37 +/- 2.81)%, respectively. After iv injection into the tail vein of mice, HCPT plasma concentrations of HCPT-PEG-NLC and HCPT-NLC were higher than that of HCPT injection at each sampling time. They also showed longer elimination time in every tissue. HCPT-NLC accumulated in endothelial system (RES), Re and Ce of it in liver and spleen were significantly higher than HCPT-PEG-NLC. HPCT-PEG-NLC prolonged circulation time and increased bioavailability of HCPT. MRT and AUC0-24 h of it were 19.80 and 17.02 times higher than those of HCPT injection. It also significantly reduced phagocytosis of RES, and showed lung targeting effect (Re and Ce were 14.51 and 41.35). To summarize, HCPT-PEG-NLC could prolong the circulation time of HCPT in vivo, and had the lung targeting effect. It was a promising carrier to increase therapeutic effect of HCPT in treating lung cancer.
Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; administration & dosage ; blood ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Biological Availability ; Camptothecin ; administration & dosage ; analogs & derivatives ; blood ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Delayed-Action Preparations ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Drug Stability ; Female ; Lipids ; chemistry ; Lung ; metabolism ; Mice ; Mononuclear Phagocyte System ; physiology ; Nanoparticles ; Particle Size ; Phagocytosis ; drug effects ; Polyethylene Glycols ; chemistry ; Tissue Distribution

·AIM: To investigate the effects of astragalus injection on the metabolic and pathological changes of the retinal free radical metabolism and pathology in high-altitude hypoxic rats. ·METHODS: Sixty healthy SD rats without any eye disease were selected,and the random grouping method was divided into two groups: astragalus injection group (intervention group) and physiological saline group (control group),each group of 30 rats. In each group,6 were randomly selected for injection of astragalus injection (15mL/kg) and physiological saline (15mL/kg) in the pre-simulated chamber. The rats were sacrificed immediately and removed the eyeballs after the rats were taken out of the simulated module. We observed the changes of retinal morphology with the HE staining method, and determine the retinal SOD and MDA content with colorimetry. · RESULTS: HE staining showed no morphological changes in the two groups of retinas at 2h, and as the time of hypoxia was prolonged, the retinal edema gradually increased,but the intervention group was less edema than the control group. The activity of SOD in both groups decreased with the increase of anoxia time of high altitude, and the comparison of different time points in the group was statistically significant(P<0.05). The content of MDA in both groups increased gradually, and the comparison between different time points in the group was statistically significant (P<0.05). The SOD in the two groups of retinas was significantly different at same time point(P<0. 05), except for at 2h without statistical significance. The MDA showed the same situation as SOD. ·CONCLUSION: Astragalus injection can reduce the damage degree of retinopathy in rats under the high altitude hypoxia environment, that the mechanism may be related to free radicals, enhance the activity of SOD, reduce the MDA content of lipid peroxides,and enhance antioxidant capacity.

AIMTo study the pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence of acipimox sustained-release tablets (SRT) after a single and multiple oral dose in healthy dogs.

METHODSThe plasma concentrations of of SRT and reference capsules with a single and multiple oral doses.

RESULTSThe drug concentration-time profiles fitted to a noncompartment model. After a single dose administration of sustained-release tablets and capsules, the pharmacokinetic parameters were as follows: AUC were (158 +/- 30) and (147 +/- 37) microg x h x mL(-1); Tmax were (4.3 +/- 0.8) and (2.6 +/- 1.3) h; Cmax were (29 +/- 6) and (42 +/- 10) microg x mL(-1); T(1/2) were (2.3 +/- 0.7) and (1.60 +/- 0.10) h; MRT were (6.0 +/- 0.8) and (3.9 +/- 0.7) h, respectively. The relative bioavailability of the sustained-release tablet was (108 +/- 16) %. After a multiple oral administration of sustained-release tablets and capsules, the pharmacokinetic parameters were as follows: AUC were (209 +/- 23) and (195 +/- 26) microg x h x mL(-1); Tmax were (6.3 +/- 0.8) and (3.4 +/- 1.5) h; Cmax were (27 +/- 4) and (36 +/- 5) microg x mL(-1); Cmmin were (2.2 +/- 1.0) and (0.20 +/- 0.20) microg x mL(-1); Cav were (8.7 +/- 1.0) and (8.1 +/- 1.1) micro x mL(-1); FI were (293 +/- 73) % and (448 +/- 91) % , respectively. The relative bioavailability of the sustained-release tablet was (114 +/- 19) %.

CONCLUSIONThe results of two one-side test from single dose administration shown that two preparations were bioequivalent. The Cmax of sustained-release tablet was lower than that of capsules, while the Tmax and MRT of sustained-release tablet were higher than that of capsule, which indicating a good retarding effect. The results from multiple dose administration also shown that two preparations were bioequivalent and the DF of sustained-release tablet was significant lower than that of capsule.

Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Area Under Curve ; Biological Availability ; Capsules ; Delayed-Action Preparations ; Dogs ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Hypolipidemic Agents ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Pyrazines ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Random Allocation ; Tablets ; Therapeutic Equivalency

OBJECTIVETo analyze the measles immunity level of persistent population in Beijing.

METHODSA total of 2125 objects from 10 age groups, who had been living in Beijing for over 6 months, were selected from urban and rural areas in Beijing in 2012. Demographic characteristics, history of measles and vaccine immunization were investigated by questionnaire. 5 ml blood sample of each subject was collected, and the Measles IgG antibody was measured by ELISA assay.

RESULTSPositive rate of measles antibody was 84.71% (1800/2125) and standardized positive rate was 88.07% . Median of antibody was 960.46 IU/L. Positive rate and median of measles antibody were significantly different between population from different age groups (χ(2) = 341.60, P < 0.01; H = 216.27, P < 0.01). Antibody positive rate and median were lowest in the <1 year age group, which were separately 43.06% (90/209) and 185.80 IU/L; and highest in the 1-4 (97.31% (181/186) and 2448.81 IU/L) and 5-9 years age group (96.46% (218/226) and 1910.72 IU/L). The range of antibody positive rate and median in adults of ≥ 15 years were 81.98%-90.14% and 744.38-1474.84 IU/L. Antibody positive rate and median in persistent population, which were separately 82.45% (883/1071) and 899.82 IU/L, were lower than those in migrant population, which were 87.00% (917/1054) and 166.19 IU/L, respectively (χ(2) = 8.51, P < 0.01;U = 538 704.00, P < 0.01). Antibody positive rate and median in population with vaccination history, which were separately 91.95% (891/969) and 1443.11 IU/L, were higher than those population without vaccination history and people whose history unknown (32.95% (57/173) , 127.33 IU/L; 86.67% (852/983) , 923.73 IU/L). The difference showed statistical significance (χ(2) = 399.92, P < 0.01; H = 202.11, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONAmong the persistent population in China, measles antibody level among the children aging 1-9 years old was high enough to prevent outbreak and epidemic of measles. However, we should try our best to strengthen the measles antibody level among the babies younger than 1 year old and the migrant population aging between 15 and 40 years old.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Antibodies, Viral ; blood ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Measles ; epidemiology ; immunology ; prevention & control ; Measles virus ; Young Adult