Objective To identify the effect of health risk behaviors on accidental injury of adoles-cents.Then analyze the strength and approach of the health risk behaviors. Methods Cluster sampling on various stages and strata methods was adopted. The adolescents from grade one to three in junior school students and grade one to three in senior high school students completed the questionaire. A total of 4408 students were surveyed and 4309 samples were valid. Path analysis was used to understand how factors could influence injury incidence. Results The incidence of adolescent injury was 15.53%. Statistical differences were found between genders (male 17.77%,female 13.36%,χ2=15.91, P<0.01),education levels (junior high school 17.36%,senior high school 13.99%,χ2=11.45, P<0.01) and cities ( Beijing 12.97%,Zhongs-han 17.95%,χ2=20.33, P<0.01) . Those who got injured were found with more health risk behaviors. Health risk behavior was the direct influencing factor to injury,as well as a possible risk factor to multiple injuries. Conclusion Health risk behaviors can strongly affect adolescent injury,and can be an indicator. Reducing health risk behaviors is important in adolescent injury prevention.

Objective To further understand the cellular events of myocarditis,we have examined the myocardial mitochondria structure and activity of ATPase in mice with myocarditis,and observe the interventional effect of different doses of carptopril.Methods Sixty male Balb/c mice were randomly divided into 5 groups:infected coxsackie B3 virus(CVB3)group,infected CVB3 and treated with carptopril(in a dose of 10,30,or 100 mg/kg,twice a day)groups and control group.Captopril was administered after infection.The activity of Na+-K+-adenosine triphosphatase(Na+-K+-ATPase)and Ca2+-adenosine triphosphatase(Ca2+-ATPase)of myocardial mitochondrial as well as the morphological of myocardial mitochondrial were investigated on day 14.Results The activity of mitochondrial Na+-K+-ATPase and Ca2+-ATPase were significantly higher(Pa0.05).Conclusions The favorable effects of captopril exerts on myocyte mitochondria were shown in a dose-dependent manner.Thirty and 100 mg/kg,twice a day captopril protecs the membrane integrity and thus plays a role at the recovery of depressed mitochondrial Na+-K+-ATPase and Ca2+-ATPase activity and also in myocytes injury.

Twelve cases of Bartter's syndrome were reported and reviewed retrospectively.Usually vomiting was the first sympton in children,while fatigue was common in adults.Bartter's syndrome was characteristic of hypokalemia,metabolic alkalosis,elevations of plasma renin activity,serum angiotersinⅡand aldosterone and juxtaglomerular apperatus hyperplasia.Supplementation of potassium choloride was the main manner of therapy.

Objective To compare the levels of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs) from HIV-1 infected and HIV-1 negative individuals and in human tumor cells in the presence or absence of TLR ligand stimulation.Methods TaqMan probe real-time RT-PCR method for human IDO mRNA was established; IDO mRNA levels in the PBMCs from HIV-1+ and HIV-1-individuals were tested; IDO mnRNA levels in mucosal origin(T84,Caco-2,Hela) and leukocyte origin(THP-1,MT-4) tumor cells before and after exposure to agonists for TLR4,TLR7/8 and TLR9 were examined.Results It was found that a high level of IDO mRNA could be found in HIV-1+ individuals( 103.42 copy IDO mRNA/106 copy GAPDH mRNA) ; however,some high risk HIV-1-individuals may have also a high level of IDO mRNA.Some of the tumor cells could express higher level of IDO mRNA after exposure to TLR agonist.Conclusion This study indicated a role for IDO in the viral persistence and tumor formation in HIV/AIDS and further studies were warranted.

OBJECTIVETo study the autophagy activity between rat bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) neural differentiation in order to explore the mechanism involve in this process.

METHODSBMSCs were passed by 3 generation, then was induced with the revulsant 2% (DMSO) + 200 µmol/L (BHA), NSE expression was detected by immunocytochemical stain, the mRNA expression of autophagy associated genes L3B, Beclinl, Atg5, Atg7, Atg10 were detected by RT-PCR, the autophagy protein LC3B was examined by Western blot and flow cytometry analysis.

RESULTSBMSCs were passed by 3 generation, the purity of BMSCs could reach more than 90%, the morphology of cells were like fibroblasts, after the revulsant 2% DMSO + 200 µmol/L BRA induced, cells were extended long neurites, like nerve cells, positive rate of NSE staining was (83±5) %, RT-PCR results showed that the expression of autophagy associated genes LC3B, Beclinl, Atg5, Atg7 Atg0 were rised after BMSCs neural differentiation, Western blot analysis showed that the LC3B-II protein expression was increased after neural differentiation and the MFI of L3B was highten by flow cytometry.

CONCLUSIONAutophagy is increased after rat BMSC neural differentiation.

Animals ; Autophagy ; Cell Differentiation ; Cells, Cultured ; Flow Cytometry ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; cytology ; Neurons ; cytology ; Rats

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of KaVo KEY laser on Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) within infected root canals and roots surface in vitro.

METHODSFifty single-rooted teeth were selected, and infected root canals and roots surface vitro models were prepared. Then, these specimens were divided into three groups. First group were untreated as blank control. The other two groups were the laser groups: Irradiated 15 s and 30 s respectively with 80 mJ and 140 mJ in root canals and on roots surface. Microbiological samples were collected from root canals and roots surface at two time points (before irrigation and immediately after irrigation). The dentin chips from three different zone of part of root canals in each group were immediately collected and were cultured for 24 h in brain heart infusion (BHI).

RESULTSThe number of E. faecalis in root canal and root surface in each of the groups were effectively reduced (P < 0.05), and there was no significant difference between each two groups (P > 0.05). Compared with the blank control, the bacterial number in 100 microm of dental tubules decreased after specimens treated with 80 mJ, and the experimental group irradiated 15 s was a significant decease (P < 0.05). The other groups were no changed in different zone of dental tubules.

CONCLUSIONKaVo KEY laser is effective on sterilizing infected root canals and roots surface. It has also significant effect on bacterial in superficial dental tubules with low energy and short time.

Dental Pulp Cavity ; microbiology ; Enterococcus faecalis ; radiation effects ; Humans ; Lasers

OBJECTIVETo investigate the constitution and health status of the Beijing residents, and the primary influencing factors on nutrition and health, as to finding out the epidemiological characters and the changing trend of chronic diseases and to establish scientific basis for the establishment of public health and disease prevention policies of Beijing.

METHODSA stratified multi-stage cluster randomly sampling method was used. In total, 18 districts were surveyed, and among them, 9 were conducted dietary survey. The investigation was based on household, and all family members were surveyed at their home. After having got the compliance from the family members, question asking, medical examination, laboratory test and dietary investigation were carried out in these people.

RESULTSThe incidence rate of hypertension was 25.0% for the resident > or = 15 year-old, and over 50% for middle-aged and elderly people (> or = 45 years old). The incidence of diabetes for those not younger than 15 years old was 7.7%. The over-weight rate and the obesity rate for adults were 35.1% and 20.6%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe following risk factors of chronic disease, such as unreasonable diet pattern, deficient intake of some micronutrients, over-weight and obesity, lack of physical examination, smoking and over-drinking, should be the important factors influencing the health of Beijing residents severely.

China ; epidemiology ; Diabetes Mellitus ; epidemiology ; Female ; Health Status ; Humans ; Hypertension ; epidemiology ; Incidence ; Life Style ; Male ; Nutritional Status ; Obesity ; epidemiology ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVETo assess referral cases for root canal therapy to provide clinical evidence with establishment of referral system.

METHODSA questionnaire was designed to collect 312 cases (355 teeth) referred to Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University for root canal therapy from April to June in 2011. The questionnaire consisted of questions such as age, gender, occupation, general disease and medical histories of patients, sources. Difficulty of treatment before therapy and reasons for referral were evaluated.

RESULTSIn 355 referral teeth, the most were mandibular first molars (17%), the greatest percentage of reasons were calcified root canals (30%), the second was root canal retreatment (24%). 72% of teeth belong to the complicated difficulty (Class III), while 7% were listed as the uncomplicated difficulty (Class I). No significantly difference from different sources was found (P = 0.9).

CONCLUSIONEstablishment of referral system needs cooperation with every dentist. Difficulty of cases for root canal therapy before treatment should be first evaluated to treat or to refer. Referral cases for root canal therapy should be treated by endodontist of corresponding level according to the difficulty.

China ; Dental Pulp Cavity ; Endodontics ; Humans ; Molar ; Referral and Consultation ; Retreatment ; Root Canal Therapy

Objective: To explore the related factors and working way of adolescent injury,and to provide a basis for the effective prevention and intervention of adolescent injury. Methods: The framework of the questionnaire in this study was developed based on the Social Ecology Model. A cross-sectional survey was conducted on a valid sample of 4 309 students from 8 junior high schools and 8 senior high schools in Beijing and Zhongshan city respectively, using stratified random cluster sampling method. Students from grade 7 to grade 12 were invited to participate and investigated with injury prevalence. Results: The incidence of adolescent injury by person and by person-time was 15.53% and 22.49% respectively, and there were differences by sex, age and regions(χ2=15.92，11.45，20.33，P<0.05). The occurrence of adolescent injury was affected by adolescent psychological behavior and social environment through different underlying pathways. The intrapersonal factors and perception of environmental safety showed direct effects on the adolescents’ injuries (effect size was 0.29 and 0.05 respectively, P<0.05). Conclusion Adolescent injury is associated with diverse factors and pathways in a synergistic and complex manner, suggesting that a three-dimensional and diverse strategy should be taken to intervene the injures.

Objective: To investigate the safety and efficacy of needle-tract assisted standard percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) for the treatment of complicated upper urinary tract calculi. Methods: The clinical data of 1 562 patients with complicated upper urinary calculi who received standard PCNL from December 2013 to December 2017 at Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University were retrospectively analyzed. There were large residual stones in 256 patients through B-ultrasound exploration after standard PCNL, could′t be detected with nephoscope in standard PCNL tracts. 16 F mini PCNL tract were established in 120 cases for treatment of residual stones, while needle-tract were established in order to guide nephroscope to find residual stones in 126 cases. Needle-tract were transferred to 16 F mini PCNL tract for treatment of residual stones in 10 patients if these residual stones could′t be detected through needle-tract. Operation time, change of hemoglobin level after operation, incidence of postoperative complications, time of hospitalization and rate of stone clearance were measured in two groups. The statistical methods used included t test, Wilcoxon rank sum test, and χ² test. Results: There were 1 to 3 mini tracts (M(Q_R): 1(1)) established in the mini tracts group and 1 to 7 needle-tracts (M(Q_R): 3(2)) established in the needle-tract group (Z=-10.57, P=0.000). Compared with mini tract group, the operation time ((62.0±18.0) minutes vs. (84.0±15.5) minutes, t=10.242, P=0.000), hospitalization time ((4.40±0.86) days vs. (5.20±0.81) days, t=7.570, P=0.049), hemoglobin dropped ((1.31±0.47) g/L vs. (2.74±0.63) g/L, t=20.12, P=0.000), and incidence of postoperative complications (7.9% (10/126) vs. 19.2% (23/120), χ²=6.674, P=0.01) of needle-tract group were lower, while postoperative stone clearance rate was higher (89.7% vs. 76.7%, χ²=7.497, P=0.006). No perioperative severe complications such as pleural injury, pneumatothorax, perforation of renal, trauma of abdominal organ occurred in two groups. Conclusion Needle-tract assisted standard PCNL for the treatment of complicated upper urinary calculi can significantly improve stone clearance rate, reduce operation time, decrease risk of kidney and surrounding organs damage.