In order to investigate the comprehensive quality differences of the seeds harvested in different growing time, and offer theoretical guide for the optimization of seeds' production technology, we analyzed the apparent size, 1 000-grain weight, water absorbency, germination indexes, postharvest embryo rate change, relatively contents of coumarins and the yield of single plant of its seeds of different harvesting time, and compared their comprehensive quality by Topsis analysis. The results showed that there existed obvious differences in yield and quality between seeds of 3 harvesting times. While the harvesting time postponed, the yield of single plant raised, and the shrunken seeds rate decreased, the quality of seedlings increased, while the contents of coumarins showed a steady increase, and the germination rate decreased. The comprehensive quality of the seeds harvested in the black ripe time rank the first place, followed by the brown ripe time and the yellow ripe time. As the harvesting time delays, the seeds' comprehensive quality increases, therefore, we could put off the seeds' harvesting time properly for the high efficient seed production.
Bupleurum ; growth & development ; metabolism ; physiology ; Germination ; Plant Proteins ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Quality Control ; Seeds ; growth & development ; metabolism ; physiology ; Solubility ; Time Factors ; Water ; metabolism

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the potential predictive factors for carcinomatous transformation of gastric low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (LGIEN) on the basis of endoscopic features.Methods The study involved 312 gastric LGIENs that were histologically confirmed by endoscopic forceps biopsy (EFB) between May 2004 and September 2010,and then removed by endoscopic mucosal resection or endoscopic submucosal dissection were enrolled in this study.According to EMR/ESD postoperative pathological findings,they were divided into LGIEN group and the HGIEN group,and compared their endoscopic characteristics.Results There were not significant different between the two group,as the mean age、gender the diameter of the lesions、lesion sites and surface nodularity.The diameter of the lesions was 14.6 ± 8.2 mm in the LGIEN group and 22.0 ± 0.55 mm in the HGIEN group (P ＜ 0.05).42 of 69 gastric adenomas (60.9％)larger than 20 mm in diameter showed HGIEN (P ＜ 0.05).Hyperemia and mucosal ulceration were significant differences in the two groups.Conclusion The LGIEN lesions with these endoscopic characteristics,such as size (＞ 2 cm),surface hyperemia,ulceration should be considered for EMR/ESD.

Objective To study the sonographic features of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) associated with cervical lymph nodes metastasis for early diagnosis and prediction of the invaded cervical lymph nodes. Methods The sonographic features of 170 patients with pathologically confirmed PTC in First Afifliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University between 2011 and 2013 were retrospectively reviewed. There were 59 cases with neck lymph nodes metastases and 111 cases without neck lymph nodes metastases. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was aaplied to analyze the cut-off values of resistance index (RI) and peak systolic velocity (PSV) for judging the presence or absence of cercical lymph node metastasis. The Chi-square test and rank sum test were used to compare the different sonographic features between each group. The Logistic regression analysis was used to obtain the relevant factors of PTCs with cervical lymph node metastasis. Results ROC curve analysis showed that the cut-off values of RI and PSV were 0.735,13.95 cm/s. The primary tumor diameter, the existence of halo, the involvement of thyroid upper pole, the microcalciifcation, the blood suply classiifcation and the RI, PSV were statistically signiifcantly different between PTCs with and without cervical lymph node metastasis, whereas no statistical signiifcance was detected between the primary tumor echo pattern, boundary and the longitudinal/transveral ratio between the metastatic and nonmetastatic group. Logistic regression analysis showed that the PTC primary tumor diameter and PSV were independent factors coorelated with cervical lymph node metastasis. Conclusion Some sonographic features of PTC are closely correlated with lymph nodes metastasis, which are valuable in predicting the cervical lymph nodes metastasis in patients with PTC pre-operatively.

Objective To investigate the metabolite changes in the preschool children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) using MR spectroscopy (MRS) and explore the associations between image findings and clinical variables, which may provide a noninvasive brain biochemical method for the early diagnosis and prevention of autism. Methods Twenty one cases of preschool ASD children (3-6 years old) and age-and sex-matched 20 preschool healthy controls underwent single voxel short (SVS) short TE (TE=30 ms) MRS. The absolute metabolite concentrations in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) , anterior middle anterior cingulate cortex (aMCC) and posterior cingulate (PCC) were quantitatively analyzed using LCModel software. Two independent sample t tests were used for analysis. The relationships between metabolite concentrations and diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-IV) , childhood autism rating scale (CARS) and autism behavior checklist (ABC) were analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis. Results Compared to control subjects, ASD patients had significantly lower N-acetylaspartate (NAA) values (4.35 ± 0.80, 6.34±0.82, 8.04±0.97 mmol/L respectively) in ACC, aMCC and PCC (t=2.640, P=0.012;t=2.182, P=0.035;t=3.343, P=0.002) , had significantly lower choline (Cho) 1.32±0.22 mmol/L (t=2.905, P=0.006) and glutamine and glutamate complex (Glx) 10.02 ± 0.88 mmol/L (t=2.090, P=0.043) in PCC. Cho, total creatine (tCr) , myo-Inositol (MI) and Glx levels did not differ between groups in other aforementioned regions (P>0.05). Negative correlations between the NAA ualues in the PCC and CARS (r=-0.504, P=0.020) were detected, and no significant correlation among DSM-IV, CARS, ABC and other metabolite values (P>0.05). Condnsions The biochemical changes in the preschool children with ASD in cingulate reflect the neuronal loss, structural or functional damage and cell membrane enzyme metabolic dysfunctions, may reveal the pathological basis of ASD. These results may provide noninvasive and quantitative methods for the diagnosis and prognosis evaluation of ASD child.

OBJECTIVEThe study was to verify the feasibility of an improved method using reverse flow island flap nourished by the sural nerve nutrition vessel to repair severe frostbite of feet.

METHODSAt the proximal end of the principal flap, an auxiliary triangular skin flap of 6.5 - 7 cm in length was designed in order to cover the pedicle of the principal flap. This operation was performed on 13 patients (21 feet) with frostbite.

RESULTSAll the flaps survived well. Postoperative follow-up for 5 - 18 months demonstrated satisfactory results in all the cases. No ulcer happened.

CONCLUSIONSThe method is helpful to prevent constriction of the pedicle and ensure blood supply of the flap. It is an ideal treatment for severe frostbite of feet.

Adult ; Female ; Foot Injuries ; surgery ; Frostbite ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Skin Transplantation ; Surgical Flaps ; blood supply ; innervation ; Young Adult

Firstly discovered in 1980s,human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) continues to affect more and more people.However,there is no effective drug available for the therapy of HIV infection.Betulinic acid existing in various medicinal herbs and fruits exhibits multiple biological effects,especially its outstanding anti-HIV activity,which has drawn the attentions of many pharmacists.Among the derivatives of betulinic acid,some compounds exhibited inhibitory activities at the nanomolar concentration,and have entered phase Ⅱ clinical trials.This paper summarizes the current investigations on the anti-HIV activity of betulinic acid analogues,and provides valuable data for subsequent researches.

The hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HGPRT) gene mutation is responsible for gouty arthritis, kidney stone, and Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome (LNS). It has been reported that the expression of HGPRT is decreased or even absent in these diseases. Rabbits are an ideal model for studying the pathology of these diseases. Therefore, the development of an HGPRT-knockdown rabbit model will be highly beneficial m such studies. Stable HGPRT-knoekdown transgenie fibroblast lines were generated by transfecting rabbit fibroblasts with RNA interference (RNAi) plasmids. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analyses indicated that the average positive rate was 83.3%. The mRNA and protein levels of HGPRT in the transgenic fibroblast lines were significantly lower than that in the control. Transgenic rabbit blastocysts were derived after performing nuclear transfer. The results show that RNAi can be used to stably knock down expression of the HGPRT in rabbit fibroblasts and further improvements in related technologies will facilitate the use of this method for the generation of HGPRT-knockdown rabbits.

ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Sub-Family B ; metabolism ; Apoptosis ; genetics ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Genes, MDR ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Telomerase ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ; metabolism ; Vault Ribonucleoprotein Particles ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo compare mid-term clinical outcomes between amputation and limb salvage in treating severe open tibial fractures with type Gustilo III B, III C.

METHODSFrom July 2007 to June 2010,68 patients with severe open tibial fractures with type Gustilo III B, III C treated by amputation and limb salvage were retrospectively analyzed. In amputation group, there were 26 males and 12 females with an average age of (44.9±16.3) years old; and 21 cases were type Gustilo (III B, 17 cases were Gustilo III C; amputation were performed in accordance with soft tissue injury degree of shank, fracture types and surgical exploration. In limb salvageg group, there were 21 males and 9 females with an average age of (43.5±14.7) years old; and 23 cases were type Gustilo III B, 7 cases were Gustilo III C; the method of internal fixation and and wound healing were performed in accordance with patients's specific condition. Operative time, blood loss, hospital stay and postoperative infection was compared between two groups; time of loading and rate of return to work was compared; VAS scoring was used to evaluate condition of pain; SF-36 health queationaire was used to assess postoperative life quality.

RESULTSTotally 60 patients were followed up (33 cases in amputation group and 27 cases in limb salvage group) with an average time of 49.1 months. Operative time, blood loss, hospital stay and postoperative infection in amputation and limb salvage group respectively was (109.0±25.7) min, (245.0±58.6) min; (168.0±49.0) ml, (311.0±137.0) ml; (13.8±2.7) d, (28.8±13.1) d; 7.9%, 36.7%. At the final following-up, there was no significance meaning between two groups in VAS scoring and rate of return to work, but time of loading in amputation group was shorter than that of in limb salvage group. Physiological function in amputation group was better than limb salvage group, while body pain was worse; and there was no signicance meaning in psychological health between two groups.

CONCLUSIONAmputation and limb salvage both can treat severe open tibial fractures, and mid-term clinical outcomes between two groups has equivalent efficacy.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Amputation ; methods ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Limb Salvage ; methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Tibial Fractures ; surgery

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of oxycodone hydrochloride injection for postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing the operation under general anesthesia in a prospective,randomized,blind,multicenter,positive-controlled,clinical trial.Methods Two hundred and forty ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients of both sexes,aged 18-64 yr,weighing 40-95 kg,scheduled for elective abdominal operation or orthopedic surgeries under general anesthesia,were randomly divided into 2 groups (n =120 each):morphine sulfate injection group (group M) and oxycodone hydrochloride injection group (group O).Morphine or oxycodone 1 mg was injected intravenously when the patients complained of pain after tracheal extubation or removal of the laryngeal mask,and administration was repeated if necessary until VAS≤40 mm.Then patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) (100 ml,0.5 mg/ml) with morphine or oxycodone was used for postoperative analgesia (lasting for 48 h).The PCIA pump was set up with a 1 ml bolus dose,a 5 min lockout interval and background infusion at a rate of 0.5 mg/h.Pain at rest and during movement was assessed using VAS score at 3,24 and 48 h after administration,and non-inferiority test was performed.Total morphine or oxycodone consumption,requirement for rescue analgesic,the number of unsuccessfully delivered dose,the number of attempts,and the level of patient' s satisfaction were recorded within 48 h after operation.The adverse events were recorded and laboratory examinations (blood and urine routine test,blood biochemical examination) were performed within 72 h after administration.Results There was no significant difference in the VAS scores at rest and during movement at different time points,requirement for rescue analgesic,the number of unsuccessfully delivered doses and attempts,level of patient' s satisfaction,total morphine or oxycodone consumption,and adverse events between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).No serious adverse event occurred in the two groups.The most common adverse event was nausea,followed by vomiting.There was no significant difference in the incidences and degree of nausea and vomiting between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).The incidences of nausea and vomiting in patients underwent orthopedic surgeries were significantly lower in group O than in group M (P ＜ 0.05).The other adverse events were fewer and abnormal laboratory examinations were rare in the two groups.95％ confidence interval of the difference between the mean VAS scores at rest and during movement at each time point was within 15 mm (boundary values of non-inferiority testing) in the two groups.Conclusion PCIA with oxycodone hydrochloride injection is safe and effective in reducing pain after moderate or major operation,and the analgesic efficacy is similar to that of morphine sulfate injection,however,the development of nausea and vomiting is reduced when PCIA with oxycodone hydrochloride injection is used for orthopedic surgeries as compared with that when morphine sulfate injection is used and the ratio between the analgesic efficacy of the two drugs is close to 1∶1.