Objective To observe the anatomy of the inferior right hepatic veins (IRHV).Methods The IRHVs were divided into 3 groups according to the location where they entered into the retrohepatic inferior vena cava at: the upper 1/3, middle or lower 1/3. The incidence, number, caliber, extrahepatic length and the relationship between the major hepatic veins (the right, middle and the left hepatic veins) and the IRHV were observed and measured in 60 adult cadavers. Results The incidence of IRHV was 83.33% with an average diameter of 2.62-18.46(14.32±1.21)mm. Its extrahepatic length was 3.26-47.65 (10.78±7.81)mm. There was a marked negative correlation between the diameter of the IRHV and its number, a marked negative correlation between the diameter of the IRHV and the diameter of the right hepatic vein and a marked positive correlation between the number of the IRHV and the diameter of the right hepatic vein. Conclusions There were high variations in the incidence and anatomy of the IRHV which were related to the diameter of the right hepatic vein. The IRHV was not to be torn during liver resection and should be reconstructed in right liver grafts.

Objective To investigate the correlation between arrhythmia and left ventricular hypertrophy in patients withprimary hypertension. Methods 12-lead synchronous resting electrocardiogram. ambulatory electrocardiogram and echo-cardiogram were obtained from 246 patients with primary hypertension. Left ventricular mass index (LVMI ) was meas-ured as previous reference. Results The average LVMI of myocardium hypertrophy group (151.6? 15. 8g/m~2) signif-canily increased compared with that of the control group (P

Objective To observe the clinical effect of the treatment of bronchial asthma with the Qingfeiyin and Bailing capsule.Methods 107 cases with bronchial asthma were classified into a control group and a treatment group randomly.The control group was treated with the Ipratropine (40-80 ug for each time)and the treatment group was glven Ipratropine and Qingfeireyin(50ml for each time)plus Bailing Capsule(30pills for each time).One course of treatment was 2months.Results The therapeutic effect of treatment group was significantly better than the control group(P＜0.05).Condusion Qingfeiyin and Bailing capsule has excellent effect in treating bronchial asthma.

Infection is one of the common complications of stroke. It can seriously affect the prognosis of patients. Poststroke infection is closely associated with immune system imbalance, while the excessive activation of sympathetic nerve is an important factor of the occurrence of immunosuppression after stroke. The sympathetic nerve regulates immune cels primarily via β2 adrenergic receptors on the surface of the immune cels. There is evidence to show that β2 adrenergic receptor mediated immune function enhances rather than inhibits under certain conditions, but its specific molecular mechanism is unclear. This article reviews the molecular mechanisms of β2 adrenergic signaling pathway in regulation of inflammation after stroke.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for simultaneous determination of 5 kinds residual ethanol,acetone,ethylacetate,N,N-diisopropylethylamine and toluene in favipiravir.METHODS:Headspace GC was adopted.The determination was performed on DB-624 capillary column,temperature programmed.The inlet temperature was 220 ℃,and detector was flame ionization detector with temperature of 250 ℃.Nitrogen was used as carrier gas at flow rate of 2.0 mL/min,split ratio was 10 ∶ 1,headspace equilibrium temperature was 80 ℃,equilibrium time was 20 min and headspace sample size was 1 mL.RESULTS:The linear range was 10.0-501.4 μg/mL for ethanol(r=0.999 9),10.0-501.4 μg/mL for acetone (r=0.999 9),10.1-502.6 μg/mL for ethylacetate (r=0.999 9),0.2-11.4 μg/mL for N,N-diisopropylethylamine (r=0.999 9)and 1.8-89.4 μg/mL for acetone(r=0.999 7).The limits of quantification were 5.3,3.4,5.2,6.1 and 20.4 μg/mL,and the limits of detection were 1.4,1.1,1.3,1.6,5.9 μg/mL.RSD of precision test was lower than 4.0％,and RSDs of acetone in stability and reproducibility tests were both lower than 4.0％.The recoveries were 96.61％-99.70％ (RSD=1.01％,n=9),95.81％-99.50％ (RSD=1.29％,n=9),96.42％-99.76％ (RSD=1.24％,n=9),96.36％-99.30％ (RSD=1.19％,n=9),97.00％-99.51％ (RSD=0.82％,n=9).CONCLUSIONS:The method is simple,accurate,reproducible and can be used for simultaneous determination of 5 organic solvents in favipiravir.

Objective To further understand the cellular events of myocarditis,we have examined the myocardial mitochondria structure and activity of ATPase in mice with myocarditis,and observe the interventional effect of different doses of carptopril.Methods Sixty male Balb/c mice were randomly divided into 5 groups:infected coxsackie B3 virus(CVB3)group,infected CVB3 and treated with carptopril(in a dose of 10,30,or 100 mg/kg,twice a day)groups and control group.Captopril was administered after infection.The activity of Na+-K+-adenosine triphosphatase(Na+-K+-ATPase)and Ca2+-adenosine triphosphatase(Ca2+-ATPase)of myocardial mitochondrial as well as the morphological of myocardial mitochondrial were investigated on day 14.Results The activity of mitochondrial Na+-K+-ATPase and Ca2+-ATPase were significantly higher(Pa0.05).Conclusions The favorable effects of captopril exerts on myocyte mitochondria were shown in a dose-dependent manner.Thirty and 100 mg/kg,twice a day captopril protecs the membrane integrity and thus plays a role at the recovery of depressed mitochondrial Na+-K+-ATPase and Ca2+-ATPase activity and also in myocytes injury.

Hepatic stellate cells(HSCs),the pluripotent cells,exist between liver sinusoidal endothelial cells and hepatic epithelial cells. Activated HSCs transform to myofibroblast-like cells,start to proliferate,and de novo express some proinflammatory and profibrogenic genes,which promote hepatic fibrogenesis. Previous studies mainly focused on the relationship between HSCs and liver fibrosis,however,recent studies indicate that HSCs are essential for proliferation, differentiation and maturation of various liver cells in the process of liver development and regeneration. This review systematically summarized the source,developmental regulation and function of HSCs,and focused on progress of recent studies on the role of HSCs in liver development and regeneration. The novel knowledge of HSCs may provide clues for treatment of liver diseases.

Objective To establish a rapid assay for genotyping of IL-6-597G/A and-572G/C polymorphisms by duplex real-time PCR assay.Methods One pair of primers and two pairs of fluorescent hybridization probes had been used to genotype two mutation sites in the promoter region of IL-6 gene by fluorescent resonance energy transfer and melting curves.Results Duplex real-time PCR method for genotyping of two mutation sites simultaneously had been developed and 123 health people samples were analyzed by this new method.The results showed that three genotypes were found in IL-6 gene-572G/C polymorphisms.They were GG,GC and CC genotypes.IL-6 gene promoter-597G/A polymorphism analysis showed 4 cases displayed GA genotype and other possessed GG genotype.No AA genotype had been found.Conclusions Duplex real-time PCR method is simple and fast.It provided an accurate and economic method which is suitable for clinical gene genotyping.

Objective To evaluate the clinical effect and safety of percutaneous closure of patent foramen ovalein treatment of migraine.Methods We studied 23 patients with migraine who were tested positive in Contrast Transcranial Doppler (TCDc) at the Department of Neurology in Bethune First Hospital of Jilin University between 2010 May and 2011 November.Procedures of transcatheterclosure of patent foramen ovale were performed at Department of Cardiovascular Surgery.At varied time points post-surgery,the patients were re-examined by TCDc and transthoracic echocardiograph (TTE) and followed up by phone interviewed with Headache Impact Test-6 (HIT-6) questionnaire to elevate improvement of migraine.The data was analyzed statistically.Results Percutaneous closure was successful in all patients without major long-term side-effects.At follow-ups at 48-542 days ((247 ± 145) days) post-surgery,the scores of HIT-6 were reduced to 38-70 (51 ± 9),compared to the pre-operative scores of 42-76 (61 ± 8).Disability by migraine had significantly improved (t =4.80,P ＜ 0.05).In 6 patients with migraine with aura,the scores of HIT-6 were reduced to 46-56 (51 ± 3),from preoperative scores of 63-76 (69 ± 4) and their disability affected by migraine had significantly improved (t =6.80,P ＜0.05).In 17 patients with migraine without aura,the scores of HIT-6 after surgery were reduced to 36-70 (52-10) from the preoperative scores of 42-69 (60 ± 8) and disability affected by migraine in this group had significantly improved (t =3.77,P ＜0.05).Among 18 patients having MRI or CT examination before the operation,8 patients had neurological events (such as cerebral infarction,cerebral ischemia) with average age of (44 ± 7) years old.In this group,disability affected by migraine had significantly improved (the HIT-6 scores:49 ± 7 vs 58 ± 10,t =2.49,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Percutaneous closure of PFO showed significant improvement in migraine treatment and it is a safe procedure.

Objective To evaluate the protection of 3-aminobenzamide (3-AB),an inhibitor of Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP),on severe acute pancreatitis associated adenohypophysis injury in rats.Method Forty Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups:sham operation group (SO group,n=8),SAP group (n=12),3-AB pretreatment group (n =12),drug control group (n =8).The bilepancreatic duct was cannulated through the duodenum and SAP model was induced by a standardized pressure-controlled retrograde infusion of 5％ sodium taurocholate (0.1 ml/100 g) into the bile-pancreatic duct.In 3-AB group,3-AB (20 mg/kg) was administered via femoral vein 30 min prior to the operation;other procedures were identical to SAP group.In SO group,pancreas was flipped several times only.In drug control group,3-AB (20 mg/kg) was administered via femoral vein 30 min prior to the operation.Serum amylase,lipase were measured.Pancreas and pituitary tissue were taken for pathological examination under light microscope.PARP and NF-κB antibodies for adenohypophysis immunohistochemical stains.Adenohypophysis cell was observed under electronic microscope.Result Serum amylase,lipase and pancreas pathological scores were significantly higher in 3-AB group compared with SO group (P ＜ 0.05),but lower than that in SAP group (P ＜ 0.05).Adenohypophysis pathological injury was less severe in 3-AB group.Expressions of PARP and NF-κB in adenohypophysis cells were significantly higher in 3-AB group compared with SO group,but lower than that in SAP group (P ＜ 0.05).Ultrastructural change of thyrotroph cell was relieved in 3-AB group.No significant difference was observed between SO group and drug control group in PARP and NF-κB expression nor adenohypophysis pathological injury.Conclusions 3-AB exerts the protective effect against acute pancreatitis associated adenohypophysis injury by inhibition of PARP and NF-κB.