Arsenic is a toxic metalloid, which may enter the human body through a variety of routes, including drinking water, food, and air. Previous studies have shown that arsenic exposure during pregnancy may cause pregnancy complications and adverse pregnancy outcomes, and maternal arsenic levels correlate with neonatal neurodevelopment and adult health. However, the negative impact of arsenic exposure during pregnancy on maternal and child health has not been widely accepted because of inconsistent study conclusions and unclear mechanisms. Based on international and national studies pertaining to the effect of arsenic exposure during pregnancy on maternal and child health during the period between 2007 and 2022, this review describes the influencing factors and biomarkers of arsenic exposure during pregnancy, associations of arsenic exposure during pregnancy with pregnancy complications and adverse pregnancy outcomes and impact of arsenic exposure during pregnancy on neonatal neurodevelopment, and discusses the mechanisms underlying negative health effects caused by arsenic exposure during pregnancy, so as to provide the evidence for assessing the hazards of arsenic exposure during pregnancy and formulating the control strategy.

Remarkable achievements have been made for lymphocyte infusion of lymphoma and leukemia, especially of lymphoproliferative disease within twenty-first century. The donor lymphocyte infusion or mobilized donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI/DSI) offer an opportunity of second remission for relapse patients post-transplantation. Cytokine-induced killer/DC cytokine-induced killer play an anti-tumor activity beyond non-MHC restricted. Cytotoxic lymphocyte infusion activated by synthetic tumor antigen produces targeted effects of anti-tumor. Transgenic CTL of anti-tumor TCR has brought the dawn in lymphoma and leukemia patients with defective lymphocytes. Maternal lymphocyte infusion play an anti-tumor/viral activity by avoiding the immune barrier of HLA mismatch.

Objective To compare the effects of three artificial abortion methods, Mifepriston with Misopro-fil,Rivanol with Mifepristone and Rivanol,in mid-term pregnancy. Methods 235 women who were pregnant for 12 to 28 weeks and volunteered to abort with drugs were selected and observed. The total subjects were randomly divided into three groups,study group Ⅰ (n=80),study group Ⅱ (n=78),and control group (n=77). In study group Ⅰ, each was given Mifepristone 50 mg, po, bid, for 3 days. On the fourth day, Misoprofil 200-1000 μg was administered though vagina. In study group Ⅱ, Rivanol(70-100 mg) was injected into amniotic cavity and at the same tame, Mife-pfistone,75 mg was given bid,po,for each case for 1 day. In study group Ⅲ,each case was injected with Rivanol (70-100 nag) only into amniotic cavity. Results The complete abortion rate in study group Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ was 88.75% (71/80), 65.38% (51/78), 38.96% (30/77) respectively. The success rate was 98.75% (79/80), 71.79% (56/78),76.62% (59/77) respectively. The mean time from the initial uterine contraction to the expulsion of the fetus and placenta was (6.85±3.68) h, (8.87±3.58) h, (14.67±3.50) h respectively. The volume of in-trapartum and postpartum vaginal hemorrhage within 2 hours was (80.86±40.28) ml, (94.70±42.35) ml, (120. 68±43.30)ml respectively. The complete abortion rate and success rate in study group Ⅰ was significantly greater than that in study group Ⅱ and study group Ⅲ. In addition, the birth process was shorter and the vaginal hemorrhage was less significantly in study group Ⅰ than those in the other two groups (P<0.01). The complete abortion rate in study group Ⅱ was significantly greater than that in study group Ⅲ (P<0.01). Conclusions Mffepristone admin-istered with Misoprpfil has many advantages usages, such as high complete abortion rate and success rate, short birth process, and less volume of vaginal hemorrhage, when used for artificial abortion in mid-term pregnancy. They are es-pecially suitable for the mid-term artificial abortion under 20-week pregnancy. Rivanol administered with Mifepristone can raise complete abortion rate,shorten labor process and decrease vaginal hemorrhage when they are used in artifi-cial abortion. They are suitable for the mid-term artificial abortion above 16-week pregnancy. The stage of labor lasts long when using only Rivanol for artificial abortion. The pain is relatively heavier and the rate of incomplete abortion is higher.

Objective:To investigate and analyze the current status of patient satisfaction and the influencing factors at private hospitals in Guizhou Province,and thus to provide a scientific basis for the management of medical service at private hospitals.Methods:The satisfaction scores were statistically described and analyzed by the factor analysis and multiple linear regression analysis.Results:The overall satisfaction score of patients was (3.87 ± 0.85),of which the satisfaction of medical technology,drug price,inspection fee,and medical facilities was lower.The factor analysis showed that satisfaction of patients at private hospitals could be classified into the environment,the quality of service,medical expense,and service flow.Multivariate linear regression results showed that its standardized partial regression coefficient by the parameter descending order followed as medical expense,the environment,the quality of service,and then service flow.Conclusions:Private hospitals should set up a fair medical expenditure mechanism,improve the environment and quality of medical services,and optimize service flow in order to improve patient satisfaction.

Dermatitis, Contact ; diagnosis ; etiology ; therapy ; Dermatitis, Irritant ; diagnosis ; etiology ; therapy ; Humans

Objective To study the clinical application of Compass (R) system,a novel 3D quality assurance system for the verification of esophageal carcinoma intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) plan.Methods 12 esophageal carcinoma IMRT plans were optimized with Eclipse 8.6 treatment planning system (TPS),and then Compass (R) reconstructed 3D dose distributions with the patient anatomy.Comparison was performed among the reconstructed and calculated with TPS,Dose-volume parameters (γ pass rate、average dose deviation) to the planning target volume (PTV) and critical structures were quantitative valuated.Furthermore two-dimensional dose verification were performed use MatriXX,γ pass rate were evaluated with 3％/3 mm criteria.Results The γ pass rate of actual gantry angle was found generally declined seemingly compared with 0 degree gantry angle in two dimensional verification,difference was statistically significant (P =0.018-0.001).In 3D dose verification,the γvolume of PTV were exceed 93％,the deviation of D95,D50,D2 were less than 3％;The γvolume of lungs and heart were exceed 95％,the average dose deviation were less than 3％;The γ pass rate of spinal cord and trachea were exceed 98％.The independent check verified more conformed with the TPS calculated.Dose deviations appeared in the radiation field edge area.Conclusions 3D dose verification can provide more information to comprehensively evaluate the plan which is benefit for evaluating the clinical value of verification.

Objective To observe the bacteriostasis of herba houttuyniae liquid in bladder irrigation for treatment of rabbit bladder infection model, and to offer a new way for prevention and treatment of urinary tract infection.Methods Twenty male New Zealand long-eared white rabbits were divided into gentamicin control group and three different concentrations herba houttuyniae groups according to random number table method, each group 5 rabbits. The rabbit bladder infection model was replicated by injecting coli liquid 1 mL (105 cfu/mL) into the urinary bladder through a urethral catheter, and clipping the catheter for 1 hour. After model establishment for 3 days, in the three herba houttuyniae groups, 0.25, 0.50, 1.00 g/mL herba houttuyniae liquid 50 mL were injected into the bladder respectively, and in the gentamicin control group, 160 kU gentamicin was injected into the bladder. Before molding and after molding for 3, 5, 7, 9 days, ear blood in rabbit was taken, and white blood cell (WBC) count and neutrophil percentage (N%) were tested; at the same time, the middle segment morning urine was taken to detect bacteriuria and urine WBC positive rates; after the experiment, the animals were sacrificed, the urinary bladder tissues were taken, and the pathological changes in urinary bladder tissue were observed by a light microscope.Results Before molding, the bacteriuria in animals of each group was negative and the results of urine WBC, blood WBC and N% were within normal range. After molding for 3 days, bacteriuria and urine WBC positive rates reached 100%; with the prolongation of treatment after molding, the above two rates in each group were gradually decreased, and herba houttuyniae 0.50 g/mL and 1.00 g/mL groups appeared statistical significance on the 5th day (bacteriuria positive rate was 60% and 40%, urine WBC positive rate was 60% and 40% respectively, while the gentamicin control group and herba houttuyniae 0.25 g/mL group was still 100% positive, allP < 0.01); on the 9th day, the bacteriuria positive rate in both higher dosage herba houttuyniae groups was 0, in 0.25 g/mL group, it still had the positive rate 20%, showing herba houttuyniae 0.50 g/mL and 1.00 g/mL had stronger inhibitory effect than herba houttuyniae 0.25 g/mL. WBC and N% were increased in each group after molding, and on the 3rd day, WBC and N were significantly higher in each group than those before molding [WBC (×109/L): gentamicin control group 13.00±5.23 vs. 8.95±2.69, herba houttuyniae 0.25 g/mL group 14.52±10.28 vs. 8.73±3.16, herba houttuyniae 0.50 g/mL group 12.97±11.33 vs. 7.83±4.51, herba houttuyniae 1.00 g/mL group 13.03±9.17 vs. 6.45±3.85. N%: gentamicin control group 80.99±14.93 vs. 63.41±7.96, herba houttuyniae 0.25 g/mL group 89.62±9.41 vs. 70.01±9.13, herba houttuyniae 0.50 g/mL group 87.69±11.34 vs. 67.75±8.91, herba houttuyniae 1.00 g/mL group 85.67±12.81 vs. 65.12±4.63]. On the 7th day, WBC and N% fell, and on the 9th day, the WBC and N% were restored to normal range in herba houttuyniae 0.50 g/mL and 1.00 g/mL groups [WBC (×109/L): herba houttuyniae 0.50 g/mL group 8.56±5.38, herba houttuyniae 1.00 g/mL group 7.93±4.82. N%: herba houttuyniae 0.50 g/mL group 65.97±8.35, herba houttuyniae 1.00 g/mL group 65.57±9.12]. Under light microscopy, it was shown that the morphological appearances of tissue cells in various layers of bladder mucosa were normal in herba houttuyniae group, demonstrating that herba houttuyniae fluid in bladder did not cause allergic inflammatory reaction, etc.Conclusion The bacteriostatic action of herba houttuyniae liquid for bladder irrigation in treatment of rabbits with urinary tract infection is better than that of gentamicin.

Object To develop a high-performance capillary electrophoresis method to determine ferulic acid concentrations in serum of rats treated with Buyang Huanwu Decoction (BHD). Methods Capillary zone electrophoresis was applied for ferulic acid assay, quantitative determination was based on internal standard and detection was carried on by direct UV. The electrolyte buffer was composed of 25 mmol/L borax-methanol (85∶15). Capillary electrophoresis was performed using a 52 cm (30 cm to detector)?50 ?m fused-silica capillary tube. Separation voltage was 20 kV, sampling time was 3 s, detection wavelength was 320 nm, and the temperature was 30 ℃. Results Ferulic acid was successfully separated within 6 min, the recoveries were 97.2% in serum and 103.28% in BHD, respectively. RSD were 3.73% and 0.91% (n=3), respectively. Conclusion This method can supply reference for the determination of ferulic acid in serum samples and BHD.

Objective: To compare the anesthetic and analgesic efficacy of ropivacaine and bupivacaine and their side reactions in combined spinal epidural anesthesia (CSEA) and postoperative analgesia in pediatric surgery. Methods: Fifty children for lower abdominal surgery, aged 6-14 years, were randomly assigned to receive either ropivacaine (Group R, n =25) or bupivacaine (Group B, n =25) for CSEA. Spinal injection for Group R was a mixture of 1.5 ml of 10 g?L -1 ropivacaine, 0.5 ml distilled water and 1ml of 100 g?L -1 dextrose. The injection for Group B was the same as that for Group R except 0.5 ml of 7.5 g?L -1 bupivacaine . The terminal concentrations of anesthetics were 5 g?L -1 for the two groups. The injection volume was calculated as: ml=(age?0.2+weight?0.5)/2. When operations prolonged to 1.5 h, epidural infusion at the rate of 1 mg?kg -1 ?h -1 started with 2.5 g?L -1 ropivacaine for Group R and 2.5 g?L -1 bupivacaine for Group B. The observed variables were the changes in blood pressure, heart rate, SpO 2, block level, visual analogue scores, and motor block. Epidural postoperative analgesia was performed for Group R with 100 ml of 0.75 g?L -1 ropivacaine to which 100 mg tramadol and 5 mg were added, and for Group B with 100 ml of 0.75 g?L -1 bupivacaine instead. Backgroup infusion was 3 ml?h -1 for the children aged 6-9 years or 4 ml?h -1 for the children aged 10-14 years, bolus was 2 ml controlled by children or their parents when necessary, and locktime was 15 min. The observed variables were the efficacy of postoperative analgesia, recession of motor block of legs, and the incidence of headache, nausea and vomiting, leg numbness, and urinary retention within 24 h after operation. Results: There was no significant difference between the two groups in block level. Motor block was much milder in Group R than that in Group B during operation, and recessed faster after operation. Only one case of nausea occurred in each group, and one case of urinary retention in Group B without statistical significance. Conclusion: Either ropivacaine or bupivacaine can be satisfactorily used in CSEA for analgesia during and after operation. However, ropivacaine has a weaker motor block than bupivacaine, which benefits early walking after operation and recovery of bowl movement.

ObjectiveTo evaluate endovascular stenting for TASC TASC Ⅱ C/D femoropopliteal arterial disease.MethodsBetween January 2008 and June 2011,Endovascular treatments of 51 limbs TASC Ⅱ C/D femoropopliteal artery occlusions in 46 patients(27 male and 19 female) were retrospectively reviewed.Mean age was (70 ± 8 ) years ( range,52 years to 88 years).Severe intermittent claudication,rest pain,minor tissue defect and foot ulceration or gangrene were in 29 limbs,12 limbs,6 limbs and 4 limbs,respectively. Technical success rate,ankle brachial index (ABI),complication rate, and cumulative primary patency rate were evaluated. ResultsTechnical success rate was 90.2％.93 stents were placed in 46 limbs of the 42 patients.Postoperative ABI was increased in all patients.42 patients(46 lower limbs) were followed up for a mean period of 14.6 months.Primary,assisted-primary,and cumulative patency rates at 6 months were 81.0％,88.1％ and 90.5％.Primary,assisted-primary,and cumulative patency rates at 12 months were 66.7％,71.8％ and 79.5％ respectively. ConclusionsEndovascular treatment of TASC Ⅱ C/D femoropopliteal arterial lesions is microinvasive,safe and effective.