MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Free running EMG and stimulus triggered EMG, including time, frequency, amplitude, muscle group were observed and recorded simultaneously. Never root functional injury and restoration after surgery were detected.RESULTS: 378 pedicle screws in 74 patients were monitored intraoperatively, and only 3 pedicle screw malposition (2 of L_4, 1 of L_5) was detected and then replaced with the help of C-arm fluoroscopic examination. Myoelectricity appeared when the current intensity was less than 10 mA. The correct rate of implantation was 99.2%. Nerve root impingement was found in two cases during laminectomy for L_5 and S_1 decompression and never root solution, which alerted the surgical team of critical neural structures. Nerve symptoms of the lower limb were aggravated after surgery and restored following 2-4 weeks of conventional treatment. The error injury rate of nerve root was 2.7%. In all reported cases, no irreversible neurological deficit was observed 2-4 weeks after operation.CONCLUSION: Intraoperative EMG monitoring can find improperly placed screws and detect impending nerve root injury promptly. Combined EMG and 3-D imaging modality monitoring is a reliable and practicable method that can be used to protect neural structures during complex lumbosacral surgery.

Objective: To investigate the effect of taurine on learning and memory impairment, cytokines secretion in rats intrahippocampally injected with ?-amyloid (A?) 1-40. Methods: SD rats were randomly divided into control group, A? injected group, taurine (0.3g/kg?d, 0.6g/kg?d) groups. The rats were fed with taurine for 7 days, and then subjected to bilateral intrahippocampus injection of A?1-40 or vehicle. Two weeks later, all rats performed Morris water maze test. The contents of IL-6, TNF-? were checked by way of radio-immunity assay for hippocampus samples. Results: Compared with A?model group, the escape latency and distance were significantly reduced in taurine (0.6g/kg?d) group; the ratio of swimming distance in the target quadrant to that in the whole pool of the probe trial; the content of cytokines of IL-6 and TNF-?in hippocampus were reduced significantly. Conclusion: Taurine can effectively attenuate the cognitive dysfunction caused by A?1-40 in rats. The reduced cytokines content in hippocampus might contribute to this effect.

Objective To construct a prokaryotic expression vector in BL21 to secretorily expressα-Cyclodextrin Glycosyltransferase(α-CGTase). Methods α-CGT gene was amplified from Bacillus macerens genome by PCR.pET26b and α-CGT gene were connected after digested with Nco I, Xho I respectivly, and then transformed into Escherichia coli BL21 strain.α-CGTase was expressed in fermentation culture medium and AA-2G was prepared by using α-CGTase, VC and starch.Results α-CGTase was expressed secretorily and the enzyme activity was up to 120 U/mL.AA-2G was prepared by the biotransformation of VC and starch using α-CGTase which proved to be correct by HPLC.Conclusion AA-2G was prepared by using self-madeα-CGTase, after optimized the preparation conditions the yield of AA-2G was 17.46 g/L, and the conversion rate reached 58.2%(mg/mg).

Objective To understand the pravelence and distribution of unintentional injuries in children under age 7 in Guangzhou. Methods Data was descriptively analyzed from the Guangzhou Unintentional Injuries Surveillance System among 470 770 children under age 7 living scatterly or collectively. Results The incidence rates of unintentional injuries among children in Guangzhou was 1.48%, among which the incidence rates were: living scatterly as 1.11% living collectively as 1.66%, living in urban areas as 1.36% in rural as 2.52%. In order, the proportion of main causes of children's unintentional injuries were as follows: falls (70.54%), animal injuries (8.48%), burn and scald (5.75%), blunt force injuries (3.92%) , and road traffic injuries (RTIs) (3.48%). The main body parts being injured were head and face (60.00%) , wrist and hand (15.48%), knee and leg (11.70%), elbow and forearm (4.54%), shoulder and arm (2.99%). The degrees of children's unintentional injuries were as follows: mild impairment (85.35%), moderate impairment (9.12%) , and severe impairment (0.57%). Places that the patients went were as follows: hospital outpatient department or emergency room (49.66%), inpatient department or ICU (2.06%), home and kindergarten (43.34%). Conclusion The overall incidence rate of children' s unintentional injuries under age 7 in Guangzhou was 1.48%, with main causes as fall, animal injuries,burn and scald, blunt force injuries, and RTIs. There were considerable differences of characteristics and distributions on age and areas among the patients.

Objective To study the trend of accidental death among children under 5 years of age.Methods A survey on accidental death among children was performed in Guangzhou to compare the data from the national monitoring program on the deaths under five in the same period during 2001-2010.Data on mortality and causes of injures were adjusted by missing reports.Results Mortality rates on injuries were decreasing annually from 2001 to 2010.Comparing with 2001,the magnitude of the drop in mortality among the 0,1-4 and under 5 year groups were 72.02％,77.17％ and 74.66％ respectively,with statistically significant differences (P＝0.000).During the 10 years of observation,data showed a dropping trend (P＝0.000) of the mortalitics on drowning,traffic accident,suffocation and falling,especially on drowning and suffocation.The main causes of death were suffocation in the 0 year group,drowning in the 1-2-year group,traffic accident and poisoning in the 3-year group,traffic accident and falling in the 4-year group.The accidental deaths happened in ‘C area’ which including Huadu,Conghua,Zengcheng,Panyu and Nansha,with the total proportion of accidental death in Guangzhou as 75.69％.Conclusion The mortality of accidental deaths among children under 5 years of age in Guangzhou had been decreasing during 2001-2010,mainly owing to the practice of intervention programs on drowning and suffocation,suggesting the necessity of integrating the health education programs on accidental injury with the healthcare management system in children in the country,focusing on the suburban and county levels where economy was relatively undeveloped or with more floating population.

OBJECTIVETo investigate prevalence, location, negotiation and the effect of operating microscope (OM) in the treatment of the second mesiobuccal canal (MB2) in maxillary molars.

METHODS113 maxillary molars were studied. The crowns of the teeth were removed 1 mm above the chamber bottom for searching MB2 canal. Initially location and negotiation of MB2 canal were attempted without OM. Teeth in which MB2 canal were not located or negotiated were further explored under OM. Canal orifices including MB orifice, MB2 orifice and palatal orifice were filled by red gutta-percha cones, then the teeth were scanned by scanner. The images were analyzed by Image-Proplus 4.0 software to measure the relationship between MB2 canal and other canals.

RESULTSThe MB-MB2 distance is (1.47 +/- 0.54) mm, MB-P distance is (5.77 +/- 0.66) mm, the vertical distance from MB2 to MB-P line is (0.53 +/- 0.28) mm, the angle between MB-P line and MB-MB2 line is 23.07 degrees +/- 13.08 degrees. MB2 orifices were located in 70 teeth (61.9%) and negotiated in 53 teeth (46.9%) without OM. With OM, additional MB2 orifices were located in other 6 teeth, 4 were negotiated; and 2 were negotiated in which MB2 canal were not negotiated without OM.

CONCLUSIONSMB2 canal can be located in 67.3% and negotiated in 52.2% of maxillary molars. Ability to locate and negotiate MB2 canal is facilitated by OM. The MB2 canal was located less than 1 mm mesially to the MB-P line and 2 mm palatally from the MB orifice.

Dental Pulp Cavity ; anatomy & histology ; Humans ; Maxilla ; Microscopy ; Molar ; anatomy & histology

OBJECTIVETo study the effects of drug plasma of musk and olibanum (DP-M&O) on the release of inflammatory cytokines from monocytes and the expressions of the proteins associated with inflammation of prostatic or endothelial cells induced by prostate antigen (PAg) stimulation.

METHODSWe prepared DP-M&O using SD rats and monocytes and PAgs using BALB/c mice. We pre-treated the monocytes with DP-M&O at the gradient concentrations of 0, 2.5, 5, 10, and 20% for 1 hour, activated them with PAgs, and then cultured them for 96 hours, followed by detection of the release of inflammatory cytokines. We co-cultured the prostate RWPE-1 cells with the endothelial EA. hy926 cells, pre-treated them with the same gradient concentrations of DP-M&O as above for 1 hour, activated with PAgs, and cultured for 96 hours. Then we determined the expression levels of the proteins associated with inflammation of RWPE-1 and EA. hy926 cells by Western blot.

RESULTSDP-M&O decreased the levels of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, and IL-8 and increased that of IL-10 in a concentration-dependent manner. Significant differences were found between the 20% P-M&O and PAg groups in the release of the inflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha (70.8 +/- 22.3 vs. 277.1 +/- 65.5, P < 0.01) , IL-113 (277.5 +/- 22.6 vs. 630.4 +/- 89.7, P <0.01), IL-6 (232.7 +/- 62.7 vs. 994.2 vs. 182.3, P < 0.01), IL-8 (227.3 +/- 79.2 vs. 769.3 +/- 284.1, P < 0.01), and IL-10 (640.2 +/- 201.2 vs. 271.1 +/- 55.8, P < 0.01). Compared with the PAg group, the 10 and 20% P-M&O groups showed remarkable decreases in the protein expression of MCP-1/CCL2 in the RWPE-1 cells (1.12 +/- 0.34 vs. 0.56 +/- 0.11 and 0.34 +/- 0.08) and that of VCAM-1 in the EA. hy926 cells (0.94 +/- 0.22 vs. 0.52 +/- 0.17 and 0.38 +/- 0.12) (P < 0.05 or 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe compatibility of musk and olibanum can decrease the expression of MCP-1/CCL2 in prostate cells and VCAM-1 in vascular endothelial cells, blocking the adhesion of leucocytes and suppressing inflammatory response.

Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Cytokines ; metabolism ; Endothelial Cells ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated ; pharmacology ; Frankincense ; pharmacology ; Inflammation ; metabolism ; Interleukin-10 ; metabolism ; Interleukin-1beta ; metabolism ; Interleukin-6 ; metabolism ; Interleukin-8 ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Monocytes ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Prostate ; cytology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; metabolism ; Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 ; metabolism

The application potential of rep-PCR in typing beer-spoilage isolates was studied. The effects of different factors, including DNA templates and primers, on the quality and reproducibility of fingerprints were investigated. The CTAB protocol was shown to be the feasible method for DNA extraction. Primers BOXA1R and (GTG)5 were used in rep-PCR, and the PCR products were sequenced to identify strains isolated from two breweries. Rep-PCR fingerprint profiles were obtained by using GelCompar II software. Cluster analysis showed that the isolates belonging to Lactobacillus brevis, L. buchneri, L. casei/paracasei, L. plantarum are divided into 2 or 3 subgroups. In addition, the two rep-PCR fingerprint profiles complemented with each other in typing these isolates. Combining the similarity coefficient cut-off (SCC) of species, 9 unknown isolates were identified rapidly by using both fingerprint databases. The results indicate that rep-PCR is a simple, reliable and promising method for rapid identification of beer-spoilager.
Beer ; microbiology ; Cluster Analysis ; DNA Fingerprinting ; methods ; DNA, Bacterial ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Databases, Genetic ; Lactobacillus ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; physiology ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Time Factors

OBJECTIVETo study the expression ratio of AML1-ETO9a (AE9a) isoform in t(8;21) acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and its clinical significance.

METHODSBone marrow samples from 44 newly diagnosed t(8;21) AML patients co-expressed AE9a and AE were screened by RT-PCR. The alteration of the AE9a expression ratio was monitored during follow-up by using quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qPCR).

RESULTSThe expression level of AE9a was markedly lower than that of AE in these patients. There was a positive correlation between the expression level of AE9a and AE in most of bone marrow samples. The transcript level of both AE9a and AE was decreased in the 44 patients after one course of standard chemotherapy, but the percentage of AE9a expression level was increased in comparison with that before treatment (P < 0.05). After one course of standard chemotherapy treatment, the percentage of AE9a in incomplete remission (ICR) patients was significantly higher than that in CR patients (P < 0.05). Relapsed patients had a higher AE9a ratio than the unrelapsed patients (P < 0.05). During the remission, the percentage of AE9a in 11/17 relapsed patients obviously elevated even while the expression of AE fusion gene at low level.

CONCLUSIONSAE9a and AE co-expressed in most of AML patients with t(8;21) translocation. The expression level of AE9a was lower than that of AE, and there is a positive correlation between the expression level of these two isoforms. The sensitivity of AE9a gene to the standard chemotherapy is less than that of the AE fusion gene. Monitoring the AE9a to AE ratio during the CR can predict the early relapse of the disease compared to monitoring the AE alone.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21 ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8 ; Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit ; genetics ; Female ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; genetics ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Oncogene Proteins, Fusion ; genetics ; Protein Isoforms ; genetics ; RUNX1 Translocation Partner 1 Protein ; Translocation, Genetic ; Young Adult

BACKGROUNDIntersinus septal cell (ISSC) is not a very uncommon frontal recess cell. But it is poorly described in literature. The clinical significance of this anatomic variant still remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to clarify the anatomy, classification of ISSC and its clinical significance in Chinese subjects.

METHODSWe prospectively identified ISSC in 200 consecutive subjects who had undergone computed tomography (CT) scans: 120 without frontal sinusitis (group 1) and 80 with frontal sinusitis (group 2). The ISSC was classified into two types: Type I ISSC communicated with frontal sinuses, type II ISSC communicated with frontal recess. The patients of frontal sinusitis had undergone functional endoscopic sinus surgery with the assistance of the classification of ISSC. Statistical analysis was performed to correlate the ISSC and its type to the presence of frontal sinusitis.

RESULTSThe ISSC was obvious when reviewing the coronal and axial CT scans. Of the 200 CT scans reviewed, ISSC were present in 90 (45%). Of the 120 scans in group 1, ISSC were present in 49 (41%), among which type I ISSC was in 22 (18%) and type II was in 27 (23%). Of the 80 scans in group 2, ISSC was present in 41 (51%), among which type I ISSC was in 16 (20%) and type II was in 25 (31%). There were no statistically significant differences about the frequency distribution of total ISSC, type I and II ISSC between group 1 and group 2.

CONCLUSIONSThe prevalence of ISSC was very high in Chinese patients. The classification of ISSC was helpful for surgeon to operate according to whether it communicated with frontal sinus or frontal recess. The type II ISSC could be relatively easily removed from frontal recess.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Endoscopy ; methods ; Female ; Frontal Sinus ; anatomy & histology ; pathology ; Frontal Sinusitis ; classification ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Radiography ; Young Adult