Objective To investigate the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNP)in p21and p27 genes with the risk of epithelial ovarian cancer(EOC).Methods Genotypes were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-restrictive fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP)method in 234 patients with EOC and 284 control women in China.Results (1)The frequencies of the p21 in healthy controls were 34.2%.49.6%and 16.2%,while the distribution of the C and T allele was 59.0%and 41.0%,respectively.The p21 C/C(28.2%),C/T(53.0%),T/T(18.8%)distribution in ovarian cancer patients was not significantly different from that in healthy controls(P＞0.05).There was no statistic difference in allele distribution between ovarian cancer patients and healthy controls(P＞0.05)either.The stratification analysis by tumor histological type did show that the genotype distribution in four types of ovarian cancer patients was significantly different from that in healthy controls(P=0.02).The C/C genotype was likely to reduce the risk of epithelial endometrial cancer.and the adjusted odds ratio was 0.56(95%CI:0.32-0.98).(2)The genotype frequencies of the p27 in healthy controls were 88.4%,10.9%and 0.7%.while the distribution of the V and G allele was 93.8%and 6.2%.respectively.The V/V(93.6%),V/G(5.1%)and G/G(1.3%)distribution in ovarian cancer patients was significantly different from that in healthy controls(P=0.04).There was no statistic difference in allele distributionbetween ovarian cancer patients and healthy controls(P＞0.05).Compared with the V/G and G/G genotypes,the V/V genotype increased the risk of EOC,the adjusted odds ratio was 1.92(95%CI:1.02-3.63).Conclusion The C/C genotype of p21 may reduce the risk of epithelial endometrial cancer,and the genotype of p27 V/V may be a potential risk factor for susceptibility to EOC.

BACKGROUNDIt is still unclear whether viral genetic variability influences response to interferon (IFN)-alpha treatment. Recent reports suggest that IFN-alpha effects may be associated with hepatitis B virus (HBV) post-transcriptional regulation. This study was designed to explore the heterogeneity of HBV post-transcriptional regulatory elements (HPRE) and the relationship between the diversity of HPRE and the response to IFN-alpha treatment.

METHODSThe HPRE sequences from 31 Chinese patients infected with HBV were determined by directly sequencing of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) product, and comparing them to those from Caucasian patients. Subsequently, eukaryotic expression vectors containing HPRE at various points were constructed and transfected into HepG2 cells, which were then exposed to recombinant human cytokines.

RESULTSThe T to C point mutation at nt 1504 and the C to T (G) at nt 1508 in HPRE were found in 21 and 19 patients with chronic hepatitis B, respectively; the C to T point mutation at nt 1509 was found in 17 patients. These point mutations did not exist in the HPRE of the Caucasian patients. The activity of the CAT gene obviously increased in the case of T to C point mutation at nt 1504, but did not change in the case of the C to T (G) mutations at nt 1508 and 1509. The activity of the CAT gene at these point mutations of HPRE could be inhibited by IFN-alpha/gamma and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha except for the point mutations at nt 1508 of HPRE which may escape the suppression role of IFN-alpha on HPRE.

CONCLUSIONSThere are point mutations between the HPRE of Chinese and Caucasian HBV patients, which might be correlated with response to IFN-alpha. The variation of HPRE might affect the function of HPRE and influence the regulative function of IFN-alpha other than that of IFN-gamma or TNF-alpha on HPRE.

Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase ; metabolism ; Genes, Regulator ; Hepatitis B virus ; drug effects ; genetics ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; drug therapy ; virology ; Humans ; Interferon-alpha ; pharmacology ; Interferon-gamma ; pharmacology ; Plasmids ; Point Mutation ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo retrospectively analysis the treatment characteristics of the systemic situation in patients with crush syndrome after Wenchuan earthquake happened in May 12th, 2008.

METHODSForty-nine patients with crush syndrome and subsequent acute renal failure (ARF) due to the earthquake were treated in West China Hospital. All of patients had been rescued from buildings that collapsed in Wenchuan earthquake. The major associated injuries were in the low extremities and upper extremities. 49 patients developed ARF with increased concentrations of serum creatinine (mean 64 022 U/L) had underwent haemodialysis. Hyperkalaemia was seen in 9 patients and four of them underwent haemodialysis. 49 patients were administered hemodialysis.

RESULTSNo patient died. All patients who suffered from the ARF were weaned from hemodialysis after admitted 7 to 35 days. Forty-five extremities underwent amputations and 52 extremities had fasciotomy.

CONCLUSIONSCrush syndrome requires urgent recognition and prompt surgical treatment with simultaneous measures to control hyperkalemia and ARF. The authors believe that immediate intensive care therapy and multi-subjective coordination would have improved the survival rate.

Acute Kidney Injury ; etiology ; surgery ; therapy ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Amputation ; Child ; Crush Syndrome ; etiology ; surgery ; therapy ; Decompression, Surgical ; Earthquakes ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Renal Replacement Therapy ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Wounds and Injuries ; complications

OBJECTIVETo compare oncologic adequacy of resection and long-term oncologic outcomes between laparoscopic-assisted surgery (LS) and open surgery (OS) in the treatment of rectal cancer.

METHODSLiterature searches of electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science,and Cochrane Library) and manual searches up to June 30, 2010 were performed to identify RCTs comparing values of oncologic adequacy of resection, recurrence and survival following LS and OS. Fixed and random effects models were used.

RESULTSSix RCTs enrolling 1033 participants (LS group:577 cases, OS group:456 cases)were included in the meta-analysis. Number of lymph node harvested was similar(WMD=-0.38, 95%CI:-1.35-0.58, P=0.43). LS had a slightly higher circumference resection margin(CRM) positive rate with no statistical significance[7.94% vs. 5.37%; risk ratio(RR)=1.13; 95%CI:0.69-1.85, P=0.63]. There was no significant difference between the two groups in local recurrence (RR=0.55; 95%CI:0.22-1.40, P=0.21). The 3-year overall survival [Hazard ratio(HR)=0.76; 95%CI:0.54-1.07, P=0.11] and 3-year disease-free survival(HR=1.16; 95%CI:0.61-2.20, P=0.64) were not significantly different between the two groups.

CONCLUSIONCompared with open surgery, laparoscopic surgery of rectal carcinoma offers similar oncological clearance and long-term oncological outcomes.

Humans ; Laparoscopy ; Laparotomy ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Rectal Neoplasms ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo explore multi-drug resistance (MDR) of bladder cancer for the intravesical instillation.

METHODSUsing immunohistochemical staining, in 44-case human bladder cancer cells, the expressions of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), glutathione S-transferase (GST-pi) and topoisomerase (TOPO-II), were detected to find out the resistance to drugs.

RESULTSP-gp had a higher expression in 54.5% cases. GST-pi had no or a lower expression in 65.9% cases. TOPO-II had a higher expression in 29.5% but a lower expression in 65.9% cases.

CONCLUSIONDetecting the factors of MDR in bladder cancer cells could help to choose drugs for intravesical chemotherapy.

ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family B, Member 1 ; analysis ; Administration, Intravesical ; Adult ; Aged ; DNA Topoisomerases, Type II ; analysis ; Drug Resistance, Multiple ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; Female ; Glutathione Transferase ; analysis ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; metabolism

The photoluminescence properties of carbon quantum dots depend on their size and the properties of surface functional groups. The N-doped carbon dots ( using small molecular ethylenediamine ) with high quantum yield and excellent dispersibility were synthesized by one-step hydrothermal method with biomass tar that was generated in the reductive smelting process as a precursor. Rapid and accurate Fe3+ detection based on the selective fluorescence quenching effect of N-doped carbon quantum dots was achieved. The results showed that the as-synthesized N-doped carbon quantum dots were regular spherical, uniform in size with an average particle size of 2. 64 nm with a quantum yield of 26. 1%, and the crystal lattice spacing was 0. 25 nm, corresponding to the ( 100 ) facet of graphitic carbon structure. The functional groups on the surface of N-doped carbon quantum dots could interact with Fe3+ to form complex compound by coordination, leading to the fluorescence quenching effect. Fluorescence emission ratios kept a linear relationship with the concentrations of Fe3+ in the range of 0. 23-600 μmol/L with the detection limit of 230 nmol/L.

Objective To assess the iodine nutritional status of special target population in coastal saltproducing areas and coastal non-salt-producing areas in Xiamen city,and to provide a basis for take appropriate measures for prevention of iodine deficiency disorders.Methods The Xiang-An salt-producing areas and the JiMei non-salt-producing areas were chosen as research spots in 2009.One sample of produced water and 2 samples of tap water were collected to test iodine level; 600 children aged 8 to 10 were selected and thyroid palpation was performed,besides,the urine sample and household salt sample were also collected for iodine determination.Sixty pregnant women,breasffeeding women,and 0 - 2 year old infants were recruited,respectively,and urine samples and household salt samples were collected to perform the determination of iodine level.Results The iodine levels in drinking water of Xiang-An district and Ji-Mei district were 3.23 and 6.05 mg/L,respectively.The consumption rates of edible qualified iodinated salt were 84.4％ (438/519) and 98.3％ (392/399),respectively.The goiter rates of children aged 8 - 10 were 3.03％(19/628) and 0.67％(4/600),respectively.The medians of urinary iodine were 202.80 and 238.40 μg/L,respectively.The proportions of urinary iodine level ＜ 50 μg/L were 3.5％ (14/405) and 1.0％(2/202),respectively.The medians of urinary iodine of the pregnant women were 120.55 and 153.35 μg/L,respectively,and the proportions of urinary iodine level ＜ 150 μg/L were 62.1％ (46/74) and 46.8％ (29/62),respectively.The medians of urinary iodine in three trimester were 173.10,144.75 and 101.90 μg/L,respectively,early trimester of pregnancy ＞ second trimester and third trimester (Z =6.151,3.052,all P ＜ 0.05),second trimester ＞ third trimester (Z =2.016,P ＜ 0.05 ).The medians of urinary iodine of the breastfeeding women were 131.20 and 104.35 μg/L,respectively.The proportions of urinary iodine level ＜ 100 μg/L were 35.3％ (24/68) and 46.7％(28/60),respectively.The medians of urinary iodine of the infants were 81.95 and 80.20 μg/L,respectively,the proportions of urinary iodine level ＜ 100 μg/L were 59.7％(37/62) and 61.6％(40/65),respectively,＜ 50 μg/L were 32.3％ (20/62) and 30.8％ (20/65),respectively.Conclusions The levels of iodine nutrition in pregnant women,breastfeeding women,and 0 - 2 year old infants from Xiang-An district and Ji-Mei district in Xiamen city are still below the desired level of iodine nutrition,and the infants and pregnant women in coastal salt-producing areas are poor in iodine nutrition,we should pay close attention.We should strengthen market supervision on iodized salt,carried out iodine nutrition monitoring on pregnant women,breasffeeding women,and infants,and disseminate knowledge of iodine nutrition among high-risk population should be carried out immediately.

OBJECTIVE: To noninvasively assess the neurodegenerative changes in the brain of patients with Niemann-Pick type C (NPC) disease by measuring the lesion tissue with the iterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetry and least square estimation-iron quantification (IDEAL-IQ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Routine brain MRI, IDEAL-IQ and 1H-proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS, served as control) were performed on 12 patients with type C Niemann-Pick disease (4 males and 8 females; age range, 15–61 years; mean age, 36 years) and 20 healthy subjects (10 males and 10 females; age range, 20–65 years; mean age, 38 years). The regions with lesion and the normal appearing regions (NARs) of patients were measured and analyzed based on the fat/water signal intensity on IDEAL-IQ and the lipid peak on 1H-MRS. RESULTS: Niemann-Pick type C patients showed a higher fat/water signal intensity ratio with IDEAL-IQ on T2 hyperintensity lesions and NARs (3.7–4.9%, p < 0.05 and 1.8–3.0%, p < 0.05, respectively), as compared to healthy controls (HCs) (1.2–2.3%). After treatment, the fat/water signal intensity ratio decreased (2.2–3.4%), but remained higher than in the HCs (p < 0.05). The results of the 1H-MRS measurements showed increased lipid peaks in the same lesion regions, and the micro-lipid storage disorder of NARs in NPC patients was detectable by IDEAL-IQ instead of 1H-MRS. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study suggested that IDEAL-IQ may be useful as a noninvasive and objective method in the evaluation of patients with NPC; additionally, IDEAL-IQ can be used to quantitatively measure the brain parenchymal adipose content and monitor patient follow-up after treatment of NPC.
Brain ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Healthy Volunteers ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Male ; Methods ; Niemann-Pick Diseases ; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Water

OBJECTIVEVariable Number of Tandem Repeats (VNTRs) analysis was a recently developed method which could serve as a 'real-time' genotyping tool for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. One hundred and thirteen M. tuberculosis isolates from the patients with tuberculosis in Beijing were analysed using the reference method to study the characters of genetic diversity and genotype.

METHODSThirteen tandem repeat loci (ETR-A, ETR-C, ETR-D, MIRU10, MIRU16, MIRU27, MIRU31, MIRU40, Mtub21, Mtub30, Mtub38, Qublla, Qubllb) in the total genome of MTB were analyzed by PCR and agarose gel electrophoresis method. The characters of the polymorphism of DNA fingerprinting of one hundred and thirteen MTB strains were analyzed with Gel-Pro analyzer 3.1 software and BioNumerics 3.0 software. Results One hundred and thirteen MTB strains were characterized and classified in to four genotype families(type I , type II , type NV, type V ) based on thirteen tandem repeat loci. One hundred and four isolates(92.0%) belonged to type I , the other three genotypes scattered, five strains(4.4%) remaining with type II , while type IV and type V having the same quantity 1.8% (2/113). M. tuberculosis H37Rv belonged to a unattached genotype(type ll ). Conclusion There was obvious length polymorphism in the M. tuberculosis isolates which implied that type I was the epidemic strain clusters in M. tuberculosis in Beijing. VNTRs analysis seemed to be a simple, rapid, sensitive and valuable tool for epidemiological studies of M. tuberculosis complex organisms.

China ; epidemiology ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Genes, Bacterial ; Genetic Variation ; Genotype ; Humans ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Tandem Repeat Sequences ; Tuberculosis ; epidemiology

The study was aimed to compare the safety of hematopoietic stem cell mobilization and collection in related donors providing bone marrow and peripheral blood stem cells and in unrelated donors providing peripheral blood stem cells only. 100 related donors from September 2005 to August 2006 at Institute of Hematology & People Hospital, Peking University, and 71 unrelated donors from November 2003 to December 2007 in Data Bank of Chinese Hematopoietic Stem Cell Donor Beijing Management Center, were observed in process of bone marrow and peripheral blood stem cell mobilization, collection, and follow-up. The change of hematologic parameters (white blood cell count, platelet count and hemoglobin level) and the side effects were recorded and evaluated on months 1, 3 and 6 as well as annually after PBSC donation. During follow-up, long-term side effects and life quality were investigated by questionnaires. The results showed that the total MNC count of bone marrow and PBSC from related donors was 6.70 (4.11 - 12.23) x 10⁸/kg, and the total CD34(+) cell count was 3.40 (1.61 - 13.57) x 10⁶/kg; the total MNC count of PBSC from unrelated donors was 6.69 (3.35 - 11.48) x 10⁸/kg, and the total CD34(+) cell count was 3.50 (1.15 - 11.60) x 10⁶/kg. The main side effect of mobilization was bone pain, reported in 47.0% of the related donors and in 43.7% of unrelated ones, the main side effect of collection was paresthesia, reported in 25.0% of the related donors and in 29.6% of unrelated ones, there was no significant difference on side effects between related and unrelated donors during mobilization and collection of hematopoietic stem cells, all donors could endure these side effects, and no donor discontinued G-CSF administration because of side effects. After collection, the hemoglobin level of related donors was lower than that of unrelated donors [(125.8 ± 20.2) g/L vs (143.2 ± 20.1) g/L] (p < 0.05) because of bone marrow and peripheral blood collection, and the platelet count of unrelated donors were lower than that of related donors [(126.2 ± 57.2) x 10⁹/L vs (162.4 ± 72.9) x 10⁹/L] (p < 0.05) because of more than two times of collection. There was no significant difference on hematologic parameters between two groups during long-term follow-up, and the majority of the donors reported were in good or very good health. It is concluded that the donation proved from related and unrelated donors is safe to mobilize hematopoietic stem cells for allogeneic transplantation. Long-term monitoring of healthy PBSC donors remains important to guarantee the safety standards of bone marrow and peripheral blood stem cell mobilization and collection, including comprehensive medical examination before mobilization and collection, careful manipulation during collection, long term follow up after collection and so on.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Blood Donors ; Blood Specimen Collection ; adverse effects ; methods ; Female ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Mobilization ; methods ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; adverse effects ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Transplantation, Homologous ; Young Adult