OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of allitridin injection on the expression of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) immediate-early antigens (IEAs including IE72 and IE86) in human embryonic lung cells.

METHODHCMV AD 169 Virus strain infected cell model (MOI = 2.5 and 0.25, respectively) were established, and then treated with ICm5 and MTC doses of allitridin. Western blot was used to analyze the of IE72 and IE86 expression after the treatment, ganciclovir(GCV, IC50 and 2.3 x IC50) treatment as control.

RESULTNo matter what kind of MOI was used, both IE86 and IE72 antigens' expression was effectively suppressed by allitridin treatment, and the inhibitory rate of IE86 was almost twice of IE72's. Compared with GCV, allitridin had stronger inhibitory effect on IE86 expressing, although its efficacy on IE72 was weaker than GCV.

CONCLUSIONAllitridin could suppress the expression of IE72 and IE86, especially for IE86 expressing, maybe it is ore of key role in the mechanism of allitridin against HCMV.

Allyl Compounds ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Antiviral Agents ; pharmacology ; Cells, Cultured ; Cytomegalovirus ; genetics ; physiology ; Fibroblasts ; cytology ; metabolism ; Garlic ; chemistry ; Gene Expression Regulation, Viral ; drug effects ; Humans ; Immediate-Early Proteins ; metabolism ; Injections ; Lung ; cytology ; Sulfides ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Trans-Activators ; metabolism ; Viral Proteins ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of testosterone propionate (TP) on the distribution pattern of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in two types of motoneuron (Mn) pools in rats.

METHODThe double labeling of cholera toxin B subunit coupled with colloidal gold (CB-Au) retrograde identification combining with immunocytochemistry was mainly used to reveal the distribution pattern of CGRP-like immunoreactivity (CGRP-LI) and its changes in the motoneuron pools labeled by CB-Au.

RESULTTP injected intramuscularly 28 days later significantly decreased CGRP expression in Mn pool innervating extensor digitorum longus (EDL, fast-twitch), comparing with corresponding control and castration group respectively (P < 0.001), while no significant effect on Mn pools innervating soleus (SOL, slow-twitch, P > 0.05) was observed.

CONCLUSIONEDL-Mn pool is more sensitive to testosterone propionate than SOL-Mn pool in regulating CGRP expression.

Animals ; Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Male ; Motor Neurons ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Muscle Fibers, Fast-Twitch ; cytology ; drug effects ; Muscle Fibers, Slow-Twitch ; cytology ; drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Testosterone Propionate ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo study the prediction value of age and congestive heart failure (CHF) for occurrence of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome elderly(MODSE) in old patients with hypertension.

METHODSMedical history of 19,996 cases (aged over 60 year) admitted to PLA General Hospital because of hypertension or developing hypertension during hospital stay from Jan 1993 to Dec 2008 were analyzed retrospectively. According to age the patients were divided into four groups: 60-69 year group; 70-79 year group; 80-89 year group; > or = 90 year older group. The incidence of CHF and the morbidity of MODSE induced by CHF at different ages and different boundary ages were investigated.

RESULTS1. The incidence of MODSE in CHF cases was higher than that in the non-CHF cases (7.43% versus 3.05%, Chi(2) 195.15, P < 0.01), showing CHF were the important factor in happening of MODSE. 2. The incidence of CHF and the morbidity of MODSE were 10.60% versus 18.88% versus 30.11% versus 60.57%, P <0.05, P < 0.05 and 1.6 versus 7.0 versus 17.08 versus 25.47% , in 60-69 year group; 70-79 year group; 80-89 year group; > or =90 year older group, P < 0.05. Occurrence of CHF and that of MODSE were positively correlated with age (r = 0.696 - 0.987, P < 0.01). High risk population of MODSE induced by CHF were old patients with hypertension above 69 year old.

CONCLUSIONThe age is valuable for early prediction of MODSE induced by CHF in old patients with hypertension. The distinctly boundary age for the incidence of MODSE induced by CHF in old patients with hypertension is 69.

Age Factors ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Heart Failure ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Hypertension ; complications ; Incidence ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multiple Organ Failure ; epidemiology ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVETo study the relationship between metastasis or recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA load or the presence of double mutation at 1762/1764 in the basic core promoter (BCP).

METHODSOne-hundred-and-fifty-seven patients with HCC were included in the study. Events of tumor metastasis or recurrence were recorded during 120 weeks of clinical follow-up after treatment by surgery or transarterial chemoembolization (TACE). The 1-year follow-up included monthly alpha fetoprotein (AFP) measurement and abdominal ultrasonography (US), as well as helical computed tomographic (CT) scan performed every 3 months. Follow-up beyond 1-year (surveillance) included AFP measurement and abdominal US every 2 months and helical CT scan every 6 months. Suspected metastasis or recurrence was investigated by hepatic angiography and confirmed according to the combined imaging findings. Serum HBV DNA level was measured by real-time PCR. HBV genotypes were determined by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis.

RESULTSOf the 157 HCC cases 110 experienced tumor metastasis or recurrence; the cumulative probability of post-treatment HCC metastasis or recurrence was 4 (2.55%) at week 12, 14 (8.92%) at week 24, 28 (17.83%) at week 48, 64 (40.76%) at week 72, 92 (58.60%) at week 96, and 110 (70.06%) at week 120. Multivariate analysis indicated that both the BCP 1762/1764 double mutations and HBV DNA levels were risk factors for HCC recurrence or metastasis. In particular, the incidence of HCC recurrence or metastasis increased with baseline serum HBV DNA levels in a dose-response manner, ranging from 8/19 (42.1%) for less than 3 log10 copies/ml HBV DNA to 35/61 (57.3%) for 3-5 log10 copies/ml and 67/77 (87.0%) for more than 5 log10 copies/ml. After adjusting for potential confounders, serum HBV DNA level remained independently associated with HCC metastasis or recurrence. HCC recurrence or metastasis occurred in 22/43 (51.2%) of patients without BCP 1762/1764 mutations and 88/114 (77.2%) of patients with BCP 1762/1764 mutations. The adjusted odds ratio for patients infected with BCP 1762/1764 double mutation HBV, compared with those infected with non-BCP 1762/1764 mutation HBV, was 5.264 (95% CI: 1.436-12.574, P less than 0.05).

CONCLUSIONInfection with HBV carrying the BCP 1762/1764 double mutation and presence of high HBV DNA load are independent risk factors for developing HCC metastasis or recurrence after surgery or TACE.

Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; pathology ; virology ; DNA, Viral ; blood ; Female ; Genotype ; Hepatitis B Core Antigens ; genetics ; Hepatitis B virus ; genetics ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; pathology ; virology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mutation ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Viral Load

OBJECTIVETo investigate the prevalence and distribution of hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes in Henan province in 2012.

METHODSA total of 32 203 permanent residents (1 to 74 years old) in Henan were recruited using multi-stage random samping method from March to June 2012. All participants were asked to complete a questionnaire to collect demographic information, past medical history and the exposure history of risk factors. A blood sample of 5 ml was collected at the same time. The condition of anti-HCV and HCV RNA was determined through the ELISA test and nested RT-PCR. HCV RNA positive samples were further subject to the nonstructural protein 5 region (NS5B) gene amplification and sequencing. The sequence was amplified for the phylogenetic tree and genetic analysis. The differences of the positive rate of anti-HCV and HCV RNA and the HCV genetic subtype distribution in different respondents'characteristics were analyzed.

RESULTSAmong 32 203 subjects, the overall positive rate of anti-HCV and HCV RNA were 0.48% (153/32 203) and 0.24% (78/32 203), in which men were 0.42% (65/15 634), and 0.23% (36/15 634), and women were 0.53% (88/16 569) and 0.25% (42/16 596). The differences between men and women were not statistically significant (χ(2) values were 2.26, 0.18, respectively, both P values > 0.05). The results of NS5B genotyping and molecular evolution analysis showed that there were six subtypes in the 71 HCV RNA positive samples.In those six subtypes, the proportion of genotypes 1b, 6a, 3a, 2a, 3b and 1a were 56.3% (40/71), 19.7% (14/71), 11.3% (8/71), 8.5% (6/71), 2.8% (2/71) and 1.4% (1/71), respectively. The HCV genetic subtypes of infestor were mainly present with two branches of 1b and 6a, and the two subtypes Bootstrap values were 0.95.

CONCLUSIONThe prevalence of HCV infection was high in Henan. The major HCV genotypes in patients with HCV infection were 1b and 6a.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Genotype ; Hepacivirus ; classification ; genetics ; Hepatitis C ; epidemiology ; virology ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phylogeny ; RNA, Viral ; genetics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Young Adult

Objective To better understand and measure the status of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, we conducted a sero-epidemiological study using the remaining blood samples and data of the nationwide survey of hepatitis B in Chinese residents which was carried out in 2006.Methods The anti-HCV reagent was screened out from the reagents by the HCV infection blood serum plate with anti-HCV positives or negatives. This plate recognized the Murex 3.0 and Ortho 3.0 reagents as gold standards. Anti-HCV in the blood samples were tested using this reagent and confirmed by Chiron HCV RIBA 3.0 reagents. Results Among the population aged 1 year to 59 year-olds, the overall prevalence rate of anti-HCV was 0.43％ (95％CI: 0.33％-0.53％ ), with the rates of anti-HCV among males and females as 0.46％ and 0.40％, respectively. The prevalence rate of anti-HCV in urban area was 0.43％,and in rural area it was 0.43％. The prevalence rate of anti-HCV in the Eastern, Middle and Western areas were 0.37％ (95％ CI: 0.21％-0.53％ ) , 0.67％ (95％ CI: 0.40％-0.94％ ) and 0.31％ (95％CI: 0.20％-0.42％ ) respectively. The prevalence rates of anti-HCV for the three areas did not show significant differences, statistically. The prevalence rate of anti-HCV in the South and North areas were 0.29％(95％CI:0.21％-0.52％) and 0.53％ (95％CI:0.38％-0.64％)respectively. Conclusion Our data revealed that China was in the low prevalence area for hepatitis C infection and the results also suggested that the comprehensive measures for HCV control and prevention had been successfully achieved in the country.

Objective:To investigate the predictive value of abnormal heart rate circadian rhythm for all-cause mortality in stage 5 chronic kidney disease (CKD 5) patients.Methods:The retrospective study was performed in CKD 5 patients enrolled from the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Jiangsu Province Hospital) and the Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from February, 2011 to December, 2019. A total of 159 healthy volunteers were enrolled as the healthy control group during the same period. The circadian rhythm of heart rate was monitored by 24-hour Holter. Related indices (including 24-hour, daytime and nighttime mean heart rate, night/day heart rate ratio, 24-hour maximum heart rate, 24-hour minimum heart rate and difference between maximum and minimum of 24-hour heart rate) were calculated. Non-dipping heart rate was defined as night/day heart rate ratio greater than 0.9. Cox regression model was used to analyze the risk factors of all-cause mortality in CKD 5 patients. Kaplan-Meier survival curve and Log-rank test were used to compare the differences of cumulative mortality between high ratio group (night/day heart rate ratio>0.91) and low ratio group (night/day heart rate ratio≤0.91). The nonlinear relationship between night/day heart rate ratio and all-cause mortality was analyzed by restricted cubic spline plot. Time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the predictive value of night/day heart rate ratio for all-cause mortality in CKD 5 patients.Results:A total of 159 healthy volunteers and 221 CKD 5 patients were included in this study. There were 123 males (55.66%) and the age was (52.72±13.13) years old in CKD 5 patients. The total median follow-up time was 50.0 months. Compared with controls, 24-hour, nighttime mean heart rate, 24-hour minimum heart rate in CKD 5 patients were increased (all P<0.05), furthermore, the night/day heart rate ratio was higher [(0.91±0.09) vs (0.81±0.08), P<0.001], showing "non-dipping heart rate". However, the 24-hour maximum heart rate and the difference between maximum and minimum of 24-hour heart rate in CKD 5 patients were lower than controls (both P<0.05). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the increased night/day heart rate ratio (per 0.1 increase, HR=1.557, 95% CI 1.073-2.258, P=0.020) was an independent influencing factor for all-cause mortality in CKD 5 patients. Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis showed that the cumulative mortality of the high ratio group was significantly increased than that of the low ratio group (Log-rank test χ 2=7.232, P=0.007). From the restricted cubic spline plot, there was a linear effect between night/day heart rate ratio and all-cause mortality ( P=0.141), and when night/day heart rate ratio was above 0.91, the risk of all-cause mortality was significantly increased in CKD 5 patients. According to time-dependent ROC curve, the accuracy of night/day heart rate ratio in predicting all-cause mortality was 70.90% even when the survival time was up to 70.0 months. Conclusions:The circadian rhythm of heart rate in CKD 5 patients displays "non-dipping" state. High night/day heart rate ratio is an independent influencing factor for all-cause mortality in CKD 5 patients.

Objective: To review the clinical characteristics, to illustrate diagnosis and management experience of orbital and cranial complications of pediatric acute rhinosinusitis. Methods: The clinical data of 24 children with orbital and cranial complications of acute rhinosinusitis who received endoscopic sinus surgery combined with drug treatment in Beijing Children's Hospital from January 2017 to December 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. There were 19 boys and 5 girls. The age varied from 13 to 159 months, with a median 47.5 months. The following diagnoses were obtained: 12 isolated subperiosteal orbital abscess, 2 associated with preseptal abscess, 2 associated with intraorbital abscess, 7 associated with optic neuritis, and 1 associated with septic cavernous sinus thrombosis. Clinical characteristics, organism isolated and outcomes were analyzed through descriptive methods. Results: All 24 patients presented with fever; 9 presented with nasal congestion and purulent discharge. The clinical manifestations of orbital infection included orbital edema, pain, proptosis and displacement of globe in all patients, while visual impairment was recognized in 7 children. Purulent drainage was cultured in 17 patients, among which 12 were positive. All patients underwent nasal endoscopic surgical interventions uneventfully, excluding one patient who required a second surgical procedure. Follow-up period ranged from 5 to 64 months. All patients resolved fully, with the exception of 2 children who got permanent blindness with visual loss preoperative. There was no recurrence or death. Conclusions: Orbital and cranial complications of pediatric acute rhinosinusitis could be severe with an occult onset. For patients with vison impairment, any signs of intracranial complications and a lack of response to conservative management, an urgent endoscopic intervention is needed.
Male ; Female ; Child ; Humans ; Abscess/therapy* ; Retrospective Studies ; Sinusitis/therapy* ; Orbital Cellulitis ; Acute Disease ; Exophthalmos ; Orbital Diseases/therapy*

Objective: To analyze the short-time efficacy of empagliflozin in the treatment of glycogen storage disease type Ⅰb (GSD Ⅰb). Methods: In this prospective open-label single-arm study, the data of 4 patients were collected from the pediatric department in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from December 2020 to December 2022. All of them were diagnosed by gene sequencing and had neutropenia. These patients received empagliflozin treatment. Their clinical symptoms such as height and weight increase, abdominal pain, diarrhea, oral ulcer, infection times, and drug applications were recorded at 2 weeks, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 6 months, 9 months, 12 months, and 15 months after treatment to assess the therapeutic effect. The liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was used to monitor the changes in 1, 5-anhydroglucitol (1, 5AG) concentration in plasma. At the same time, adverse reactions such as hypoglycemia and urinary tract infection were closely followed up and monitored. Results: The 4 patients with GSD Ⅰb were 15, 14, 4 and 14 years old, respectively at the beginning of empagliflozin treatment, and were followed up for 15, 15, 12 and 6 months, respectively. Maintenance dose range of empagliflozin was 0.24-0.39 mg/(kg·d). The frequency of diarrhea and abdominal pain decreased in cases 2, 3, and 4 at 1, 2 and 3 months of treatment, respectively. Their height and weight increased at different degrees.The absolute count of neutrophils increased from 0.84×10⁹, 0.50×10⁹, 0.48×10⁹, 0.48×10⁹/L to 1.48×10⁹, 3.04×10⁹, 1.10×10⁹, 0.73×10⁹/L, respectively. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor was gradually reduced in 1 patients and stopped in 3 patient. Plasma 1, 5 AG levels in 2 children were significantly decreased after administration of empagliflozin (from 46.3 mg/L to 9.6 mg/L in case 2, and from 56.1 mg/L to 15.0 mg/L in case 3). All 4 patients had no adverse reactions such as hypoglycemia, abnormal liver or kidney function, or urinary system infection. Conclusion: In short-term observation, empagliflozin can improve the symptoms of GSD Ⅰb oral ulcers, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and recurrent infection, also can alleviate neutropenia and decrease 1, 5AG concentration in plasma, with favorable safety.
Humans ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Adolescent ; Prospective Studies ; Glycogen Storage Disease Type I/drug therapy* ; Neutropenia ; Abdominal Pain ; Diarrhea/drug therapy* ; Hypoglycemia