OBJECTIVE: To explore the materials and selection of esophageal stents, and to discuss the application of covered stants in treating esophageal malignant stenosis.METHODS: CNKI and Medline databases were retrieved by computer for papers published from 1980 to 2009 with search terms of "esophageal carcinoma, esophageal stenosis, esophageal stent, and fabric-covered metallic stent". The language was limited for Chinese and English. A total of 61 iteratures were initial searched by computer, according to inclusive and exclusive criteria, 29 literatures were selected by the first author. Problems including esophageal stent category, material selection, as well as application of covered stents in treating esophageal malignant stenosis were reviewed and summarized.RESULTS: Totally 29 literatures were included in this paper. No concealed allocation or blinding method was described in the literatures. According to preparing materials, the stents could be divided into stainless metal stent, memory metallic stent and polyester plastic stent. As tissue-engineered materials, stents could be assigned into biodegradable polymer matrix stent and non-degradable biodegradable polymers stent. Each material stent possesses distinct advantage and disadvantage. The covered stents could relief esophageal stenosis effectively, interrupt tumor growth, and prevent restenosis. CONCLUSION: As a palliative therapy for treating esophageal malignant stenosis, covered stents can elevate patients' life quality and prolong survival times.

Objective To analyze and evaluate the efficacy of intramedullary interlocking nail in the treatment of long bone fractures.Methods From July 1997 to October 1999,100 cases of long bone fractures were treated intramedullary interlocking nail,including 25 fractures of tibia and fibula at middle site tibia,35 at middle-lower,31 middle femoral,9 middle-lower of femoral.Results The period from 3 to 19 months with an average of 13 months for followed-up.The average fracture healing time was 14 weeks.According to Johnenand-Wruh evaluation method,98 of 100 patients(98%) were excellent osteosythesis,one case was good and only one case was bad.Conclusions The treatment of long bone fractures with intramedullary interlocking nail is a good way.It has high healing rate,and pathologic rigidity of joint movement is fewer.But the method has some limits for operative indication and its special complications also to be explored further.

The research reviews the purpose, significance and indwelling method of indwelling nasal jejunum in critically ill patients with neurosurgery in recent years and It also studies the effects of indwelling on organ function. For example, improving pulmonary ventilation function can reduce the mechanical ventilation time of patients with mechanical ventilation; can effectively promote intestinal tissue and function, reducing electrolyte disturbance;and long-term catheter can affect the liver function, the occurrence of gastric retention, diarrhea, obstruction of the pipeline and the related complications. The authors hope to provide a reference for the clinical care. At present, the use of nasal jejunum is the trend of enteral nutrition in critically ill patients with neurosurgery, but the replacement time of nasal jejunum tube, oral care and other related complications are lack of corresponding research.

Objective To investigate the effects of angiotensin Ⅱ (Ang Ⅱ) on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in human hepatic cancer cell line Hep G2.Methods Cultured Hep G2 cells were treated by AngⅡ with various concentrations and were collected at different time points.Then total RNA was extracted.The expression of VEGF mRNA in cultured Hep G2 was determined by relative quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR),and the proliferation was detected by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT).Results AngⅡ stimulated the proliferation of HepG2 cells,and enhanced the expression of VEGF mRNA (P

Objective To evaluate the change of renal function in patients with acute stroke by estimate glomerular filtration rate (e-GFR). Methods One hundred patients with acute stroke admitted into hospital from emergency department in 72 h were enrolled. There were 100 patients, with 50 male patients and 50 female patients. Fifty-eight patients were older than 50 years old, and 42 patients were less than 50 years. Blood samples were collected from the next day in hospital to detect the level of creatinine (Cr), then e-GFR was calculated with a simplified method of modification of diet in renal disease. According to the National Kidney Foundation published kidney disease outcome quality initiative (K/DOQI), the renal function of these 100 patients was estimated. The outcome of e-GFR and Cr were compared. The differences of e-GFR in patients with acute stroke were analyzed from the aspects of age and gender. Results 56.0% (56/100) patients were determined as decreased renal function according to the standard of GFR<90 ml/(min · 1.73 m2). 4.0% (4/100) patients were determined as decreased renal function according to the standard of Cr> 124μmol/L. The abnormal rate of e-GFR in patients older than 50 years old was 93.1%(54/58), in patients less than 50 years old was 4.8%(2/42), and there was significantly difference (χ2=77.16, P<0.01). The abnormal rate of e-GFR in male and female had no significantly difference: 54.0%(27/50) vs. 58.0% (29/50), P > 0.05. Conclusions The decreased renal function in patients with acute stroke is common. The detection of e-GFR can more accurately assess the patient′s renal function and provide a basis for individual choice of drugs.

Objective To study the values of quantitative parameters of DCE-MRI in diagnosis of benign and malignant liver tumors and to explore its diagnostic efficacy.Methods Consecutive 25 patients with benign or malignant liver tumors underwent plain scanning and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI,and total 28 lesions were confirmed by pathology or follow-up.The DCE-MRI quantitative parameters (Ktrans ,Kep ,Ve and iAUC)of the lesions and the surrounding normal liver tissue were acquired.The inde-pendent sample t test was used to compare the quantitative parameters between different tumors.The optimal parameters values of benign and malignant liver tumors were determined by plotting ROC curves.Results The mean quantitative parameters of HCC and benign lesions were larger than those of the surrounding normal liver tissue.Ktrans ,Kep and iAUC between HCC and surrounding nor-mal liver tissue had significant differences (P <0.05),Ktrans and iAUC between benign lesions and surrounding normal liver tissue had a significant difference (P <0.05).Ktrans ,Kep and iAUC between HCC and benign lesions had significant differences (P <0.05). The diagnostic effectiveness of Ktrans = 0.21 5 min-1 ,with sensitivity of 81.3% and specificity of 66.7%,was greater than that of Kep =0.477 and iAUC=24.706.Conclusion The DCE-MRI quantitative analysis can provide a reference for the differential diagnosis of HCC from benign liver tumors.

ObjectiveTo study the distribution, developmental patterns, and hormonal control of androgen re- ceptors(AR) in the developing and ethane dimethane sulfonate(EDS) treated male SD rat epididymis. MethodsThe ABC technique of immunohistochemistry and image analysis were used to assess optodensity means (OPTDM) of AR, providing a measure of relative nuclear AR concentration. ResultsThe specific AR immunostaining was observed in the nuclei of epididymal epithelium, peritubular smooth muscle cells and intertubular connective tissue cells. The rela- tive AR concentrations varied with the different segments of the epididymis in the adult rat(P<0. 05 or P<0.01). AR protein was highest in the caput (0. 763--0. 026),lowest in the corpus (0. 712±0. 025) and intermediate in the cauda (0. 736±0. 008). Levels of epididymal AR changed with development. In the cauda, AR level was highest on day 21 (0. 773±0. 028),intermediate on day 35(0. 762±0. 022),and lowest on day 90～120(0. 736±0. 008). The 90～120d group was significantly different from the 21d group (P＜0. 01)and 35d group (P＜0. 05). After the adult rats were treated with EDS to eradicate Leydig cells and endogenous testosterone, it was observed that the OPTDM of AR in the epididymal cauda epithelium was significantly reduced (P＜0. 001), and was restored to the control level by using ex- ogenous testosterone replacement (P＜0. 001). Conclusion These results suggest that the epididymal corpus depends least on androgens and the AR expression in the epididymis decreases with age and is dependent on circulating andro- gens.

Objective:To investigate the roles of donor alveolar maerophages and the recipient circulating neutrophils in early-stage reperfusion injury of lung allograft,and to study the interaction between the 2 kinds of cells.Methods:Twenty pairs of size-and weight-matched adult mongrel dogs were randomly assigned to 4 groups:C(control),D(leukocyte-depleted blood reperfusion),M(maerophage inhibition)and DM(leukocyte-depleted plus macropbage inhibition).The 20 cases of left lung transplantations were performed by the same surgeon.All procedures were identical,except that the donors in Group M and DM received the macrophage inhibitor gadolinium chloride(14 mg/kg)intravenously 24 h before operation,and that the recipients in Group D and DM underwent initial 10 min reperfusion with leukocyte-depleted blood collected from donors'inferior vena cava. All lung allografts were reperfused for 2 h.Results:Compared with Group D and C,macrophage inhibition ameliorated PO_2/FiO_2 and mean pulmonary arterial pressure(mPAP)consistently after 30 min reperfusion in Group M and DM;the parameters of lung reperfusion injury(malonaldehyde activity,wet/dry ratio)at 120 min after reperfusion were also significantly improved(P

Objective To measure the learning passion of medical students and evaluating its in-fluencing factors. Methods Taking 879 medical students as research subjects to conduct a questionnaire survey according to specialty and grade stratified sampling. The questionnaire contained two parts, includ-ing learning passion scale and general situation questionnaire. The effective recovery rate was 69.28%, 609 valid questionnaires were recovered. SPSS 22.0 and AMOS 21.0 software were used for statistical analysis of data, analyzing the reliability and validity of the questionnaire with internal consistency reliability coeffi-cient and confirmatory factor analysis. The factors of learning passion of medical students were analyzed by logistic regression analysis. Results The questionnaire of learning passion of medical students contained 12 measurement items, including 2 dimensions: harmonious passion and obsessive passion. The questionnaire was of fine reliability (Cronbach's Alpha=0.916) and validity (χ2/df=3.401,RMSEA=0.073,GFI=0.958). The
learning passion of medical students was at upper middle level (4.390±0.934). The influence of achievement level (OR=1.691, 95%CI=1.415 to 2.021), school satisfaction (OR=0.586, 95%CI=0.402 to 0.854) and profession plan (short-term plan OR=2.121, 95%CI=1.310 to 3.434;long-term plan OR=3.822,95%CI=1.972 to 7.405) on learning passion were statistically significant. Conclusion The questionnaire of learning pas-sion of medical students has fine reliability and validity. Achievement level, school satisfaction and profes-sion plan are factors affecting the learning passion of medical students.

Clinical Laboratory Techniques ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Hepatitis C ; diagnosis ; Hepatitis C Antibodies ; blood ; Humans ; RNA, Viral ; blood