The arteries of the breasts of 25 Chinese female cadavers, injected with color latex, were dissected and observed by surgical microscope. These arteries originate from the first, second and third perforating branches of the internal thoracic artery. They were classified into five types. The two branch type occured most frequently (54%), and is musculoadenocutaneous in nature. The distribution of this type of artery is in four directions, one branch to the nipple, the second branch to the axilla, the third branch to the sternum and the last branch to the clavicle. The second perforating branch is the largest in diameter, 0.92 mm., the first and third perforating branches come next. The area of distribution of the second perforating branch is also the largest, 6265.50 mm2, and the third and first perforating branches come next. The first perforating branch crosses the 4 th rib in 52%, and that of the second perforating branch in 43%. The arteries supplying the medial portion of the breast have an extensive anastomoses (48%) with those arteries of the lateral portion.

The arterial blood supply of the lateral portion of the breasts was studied in 50 sides of 25 Chinese female cadavers. The results are obtained as follows: 1.the arteries leading to the lateral portion of the breast are constant. Among them, 38% originates from the lateral thoracic artery, 24% from the brachial artery and 15% from the axillary artery. 2.One branch type arteries were found in 28 breasts (56%),two branch type arteries in 20 breasts (40%) and three branch type arteries in 2 breasts (4%). 3.The average diameter of the arterial origin isl.37.06mm.the average length of the artery is 171.9?5.82 mm. and the average range of distribution is 52.8?6.18 mm. 4.Besides supplying the skin of the lateral portion of the breast, the artery also supplies the gland, areola and the nipple. 5.The branches arising from the axillary artery arc musculoadenocutaneous, and those arising from the brachial artery are adenocutaneous. 6.The average distance between the artery and the center of the nipple is 38.6?4.34 mm. 7.The arterial supply is rich in anastomoses with its surrounding arteries, especially with the papillary branches of the internal thoracic artery. 8.The arteries originating from the brachial artery have long pedicles and their location is superficial and constant. Lastly, clinical significance of these arteries were discussed.

Objective To compare color doppler ultrasound examination for the different pathological types of thyroid cancer.Methods 62 cases of thyroid cancer in patients with color doppler ultrasound examination,then compared with pathological examination and compared the different pathological types of thyroid cancer with ultrasound image map features.Results Ultrasound examination showed papillary adenocarcinoma in 31 cases within the hypoechoic,ill-defined in 28 cases,there was calcification in 31 cases,follicular carcinoma in 6 cases、6 cases and 12 cases,there were significant differences between the two groups ( x2 =27.884,20.545,13.964,P =0.000 ),There was no significant difference both in the form of regularity,the nature of the back echo,Vmax and RI.( P =0.427,0.338,0.110,0.872 ).Pathology consistent with papillary carcinoma was 80.0％,follicular carcinoma pathology found was 70.4％.Conclusion Color doppler ultrasound examination of the different pathological types of thyroid cancer had a certain differential diagnosis and it had higher rate of pathological diagnosis.

Coronary Occlusion ; surgery ; Drug-Eluting Stents ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sirolimus ; administration & dosage ; Thrombosis ; complications

Animals ; Burns ; immunology ; Mice

Child ; Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Leukemia ; immunology ; prevention & control ; Vaccination

Animals ; Burns ; immunology ; Humans

0.05).Conclusions Long-term or short-term use of OXC can affect serum levels of thyroid hormones in children with epilepsy,so serum levels of thyroid hormones shall be monitored regularly in epileptic children treated with OXC.

0.05).Thyroid follicular volume of VPA group slightly reduced;thyroid follicular volume of OXC group increased while epithelial cells thinning;thyroid structure of LEV group had no alterations;thyroid follicular volume of OXC plus LEV group and VPA plus LEV group had no consistent alterations.Conclusions Long-term application of VPA and OXC may arouse alterations of thyroid structure and hormone secretion.LEV has no effection on thyroid function,with VPA and OXC combined usage can reduce their effection on thyroid gland.Thyroid hormone level should be monitored when using anti-epileptic drugs(ADES) long-term in clinical work.