·To improve the effect of glaucoma filtration operation in reducing intraocular pressure ( lOP ) , it’s important to prevent and inhibit fibrotic scar formation during and after operation.This paper focuses on the current and future possible means for modulation of wound healing after glaucoma filtration surgery, mainly including series of medications ( antimetabolites, anti-inflammation drugs, antigrowth factor drugs, drugs acting on cell signal pathways, etc.) , new drug delivery system and other technologies. This article also discusses the future orientation in this field.

Biogenic molluscicides refer to the use of plants,animals and micro?organisms or their metabolites,and synthesis biomimetic molluscicides to kill Oncomelania hupensis snails. With the rapid development of science and technology,new bio?genic molluscicides are continuously emerging and the category also continues to expand. According to the molluscicidal active ingredient and sources,at present,the biogenic molluscicides with in?depth studies include plant?derived molluscicides,micro?organism molluscicides,microbial metabolite molluscicides and animal molluscicides. This paper reviews the advances in the re?searches of biogenic molluscicides in recent years.

ObjectiveTo investigate the expression of midkine(MK) and its relation with angiogenesis, biological features and prognosis of pancreatic carcinoma(PC).MethodsMK expression and microvessel density(MVD) were determined in 52 cases of human PC with immunohistochemistry and results were compared with pathology.ResultsMean MVD of PC was 64?18 and positive expression of MK was detected in 38 cases (73%). The positive rate of MK was significantly lower in cases of without metastasis and at early clinical stage (stageⅠ～Ⅱ) than that with metastasis and at stage Ⅲ～Ⅳ. MVD was significantly higher in MK-positive PC than in MK-negative PC (P

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of sunitinib versus sorafenib in the first-line treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma.Methods Forty-two patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma were divided into two groups according to the therapeutic method.Twenty patients were treated with sunitinib (50 mg, oral administration, once a day, for 4 weeks, drug withdrawal of 2 weeks, 6 weeks was a cycle) and 22 patients were treated with sorafenib (400 mg, oral administration, twice a day, until the disease progression, 6 weeks was a cycle).The efficacy and toxicity were evaluated every 2-cycle treatment.Results All 42 patients could be evaluated.The disease remission rate (RR), disease control rate (DCR) of sunitinib group and sorafenib group were 30.0％ (6/20), 22.7％ (5/22), 90.0％ (18/20), 77.3％ (17/22) respectively,the median progression free survival (PFS) were 10.8, 6.2 months, the median overall survival (OS) were 25.6, 18.6 months respectively.There were no statistical differences in the RR (x2 =0.287, P =0.592) and DCR (x2 =1.222, P =0.269) between the two groups.There were statistical difference in the PFS (x2 =6.041, P =0.014) and OS (x2 =11.245, P =0.001) between the two groups.The most common toxicities of the sunitinib group were diarrhea, fatigue, oral mucositis, nausea, vomiting, all these toxicities were mainly Ⅰ-Ⅱ degree, and could be well tolerated.The hand-foot syndrome rate of the sorafenib group obviously exceeded the sunitinib group (59.1％ vs.25.0％ , x2 =4.972, P =0.026).Conclusion Sunitinib has good efficacy in the first-line treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma with less toxicity than sorafenib, so it is worthy of popularization.

There is no radical cure for essential thrombocythemia currently. Professor SUN Xue-mei has extensive clinical experience in treating it by combined therapy of Chinese and Western medicine. In this paper, authors tried to summarize her experience from guiding ideology and therapeutic points. Authors insisted on the direction of integrative medicine on the basis of syndrome differentiation, paying attention to psychological counseling,and applied individual treatment in clinics.
Acupuncture Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Integrative Medicine ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

BACKGROUND: Nasal alar cartilage constitutes the main component of the lower 1/3 of the nose, that is, nose tip, nose wing, and nasal columella, its structure has a decisive role on the nose shape, especially the tip of the nose shape. The intensive study on nasal alar cartilage will help deepen our understandings of nasal alar cartilage morphology, structure and function, and help clinicians to correctly handle the lesions of nose and the lower part and to carry out medical beauty. OBJECTIVE: By observing external nasal anatomy, to clarify the histological role of nasal alar cartilage on nose shape, especially the nasal tip shape.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: Experimental observation of repeated measurement was conducted at the Laboratory of Anatomy, Second Military Medical University of Chinese PLA from September 1~(st) to 26~(th), 2006.MATERIALS: Well-preserved bodies of 15 fresh adult, containing 10 males and 5 females were used in this study.METHODS: To fully observe the fine structure of external nose, 30 sides of 15 external noses were dissected, and autopsy started from the medium dorsum of nose, layered anatomy, to observe various layers and the characteristics of the layers with blood vessels, focusing on observation of in vitro pre - and free post-nasal alar cartilage morphology, and measurement and recording were performed.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Big foot medial alar cartilage, lateral feet and the angle of inside and outside legs were measured.RESULTS: Alar cartilage was open for a pair of backward "u"-shaped thin cartilage plate, and lateral nasal cartilage was located below and anteriomedialis the nose, was composed of medial and lateral crus and fornix, with thin body shape, unfixed structure. The shape of fornix was difficult to accurately describe; most presented wavy or folded. Lateral crus presented diamond-shaped or long strip, (16.21±2.71) mm in length, (8.45±1.72) mm in width, (1.09±0.18) mm in thickness. Cephalic rim intersected lower edge of lateral nasal cartilage, and slightly covered the lower edge of the lateral nasal cartilage, so that the two were overlapped, but also only the intersection without overlapping. Lateral crus constituted the base of nasal wings. Narrow medial crus formed nasal tip and the frame of front nasal columeila, showing posteroinferior curve or S shape, (13.06±2.16) mm in length, (3.79±0.58) mm in width, (1.02±0.18) mm in thickness. The left and right medial crus in the middle were connected by connective tissue, and in the same way connected to the anterior margin of the lateral nasal cartilage. Medial and lateral crus in the nasal tip showed an acute angle intersection, its angle (75.25±11.17)°. The medial and lateral crus intersected in the nasal tip and formed the fomix of the greater alar cartilage. The bilateral cornix constituted the frame of the nasal tip. CONCLUSION: Meager nasal alar cartilage is composed of the medial crus, lateral crus and fornix, which determined the nose shape, especially the nasal tip shape. External nose plastic surgery should pay attention to the protection of nasal alar cartilage.

Objective To investigate the susceptibility ofepidermal cells to ultraviolet A(UVA)-induced apoptosis in dopachrome tautomerase knockout Dct~(-/-) mice versus wildtype C57BL/6J mice.Methods High titer of anti-Ro/SSA-positive sera collected from three patients with SLE and typical cutaneous phntosensitivity were intraperitoneally injected into both Dct~(-/-) and wildtype mice,which were then chronically exposed to UVA irradiation at a single dose of 10 J/cm~2 three times a week for two weeks.Then,UVA-irradiated tail skin was excised from each mouse,embedded with paraffin,cut into 4 to 5-μm sections followed by hematoxylin/eosin staining and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase nick end labeling(TUNEL),respectively,for the counting of sunburn cells(SBC) and apoptotie cells.Results After chronic UVA exposure,the number of SBC and TUNEL-positive cells per 100 epithelial cells was significantly higher in serum-injected Dct~(-/-) mice than in serum-injected wildtype mice(14±1.0 vs 7±-0.6,62±2.7 vs 30 ±1.6,both P<0.05).A significant decrease was also observed in the number of SBC (6 ±0.9 per 1 00 epithelial cells)and TUNEL-positive cells (42±2.5 per 100 epithelial cells)in uninjected Dct~(-/-) mice compared with those of serum-injcoted Dct~(-/-) mice(both P<0.05).Conclusions The deficiency of Dct gene increases the susceptibility of epidermal cells to UVA-induced apoptosis under the presence of anti-Ro/SSA antibody,which potentially contributes to the develop-ment of anti-Ro/SSA antibody-mediated photosensitivity in SLE.

Objective To study the effect of selective COX-2 inhibitor NS-398 on IL-1α and TNF a expression in HaCaT cells induced by UVA/UVB,and further to explore the mechanism on anti human skin photo damage. Methods The subcuhured HaCaT cells were divided into three groups:simple illuminated group was exposed to UVA/UVB directly,NS-398 interfered group was exposed to UVA/UVB after being treated with NS-398 in different concentrations,and the control group was cultured in normal without any treatment.The expression of IL -1α and TNF-α in supernarant was detected by ELISA kit.Results The level of IL-1α and TNF-α expression in supernatant from simple illuminated group was remarkably higher than that in the control group,NS-398 interfered group showed much lower level than the simple illuminated one,and the expression of IL-1α and TNF-α was dependent on the concentration of NS-398.Conclusions NS-398 can reduce IL-1α and TNF-α expression in HaCaT cells induced by ultraviolet rays,suggesting the possibility of anti human skin photo- damage effect.

Objective To study the effect of selective COX-2 inhibitor NS398 on IL-10 and IFN-γexpression in human keratinocytes induced by UVA,and further to explore the effect on anti human skin photoaging.Methods HaCaT cells were divided into three groups:simple UV exposure group,NS398-intervene group and blank group.For UV radiation,simple UV exposure group and NS398-intervene group were irradiated with UVA at a dose of 30 J/cm2.In order to assess the effect of NS398,HaCat cells were treated with NS398 at the dose of 0,20,40,80μmol/L respectively and then incubated without irradiation for 2h,substrate changed and cultured for 24h,and then the expression of IL-10 and IFN-γ mRNA was detected via RT-PCR.Results Simple UV exposure group had obviously higher expression of IL-10 mRNA and lower expression of IFN-γ mRNA than that of control group,while NS398-intervened group had significantly lower expression of IL-10 mRNA and higher expression of IFN-γ mRNA than that of simple UV exposure group,and dose-dependency existed.Conclusions NS398 may delay photo-damage of human skin via inhibiting the expression of IL-10 mRNA and up-regulating the expression of IFN-γ mRNA in human keractinocytes.

Macrophages,as an important member of innate immune system,constitute a major component of the microenvironment of tumours,and play an important role in the occurrence and development of tumor.According to particular phenotypes and functions,macrophages can be divided into M1 macrophages and M2 macrophages.In the research of breast cancer,lung cancer,gynecological malignancies,researchers have found that tumor-associated macrophage has the similar phenotype and function of M2 macrophages.Tumor-associated macrophage can promote the formation of new blood vessels and lymphatic vessels in tumor tissue,thus contributing to the occurrence and development of tumor.The relation between tumor-associated macrophage and poor prognosis was also be found.The tumor microenvironment can affect the phenotype and function of macrophages,such as TGF,IL-10 and PGE-2.This paper reviewed the role and mechanism of macrophages in the tumorigenesis.