Objective To investigate the morphological changes of bone marrow megakaryocytes in patients with bacterial and fungal infection.Methods Totally 76 patients with microorganism infection from the Second Affiliated Hospital,Zhejiang University School of Medicine from January 2008 to August 2009 were enrolled,including 56 bacteria infected patients and 20 fungal infected patients.All patients received bone marrow examinations,and were positive in microorganism culture.Thirty subjects without infection,hematological disease and other severe diseases were randomly selected as controls.The number and function of megakaryocytes were examined retrospectively, and the size, nuclear lobulation, and vacuolar degeneration of megakaryocytes were quantitative analyzed and compared among the groups.Results The size,nuclear lobulation,vacuolar degeneration,and Yat nuclear of megakaryocytes in bacterial infected group were 2.20 ±0.21,2.11 ±0.23,0.51 ±0.11 and 0.74 ±0.11 respectively,those in fungal infected group were 2.21 ±0.16,2.10 ±0.19,0.52 ±0.10 and 0.79 ±0.10 respectively;while those in control group were 1.40 ±0.10,1.36 ±0.12,0.28 ±0.06 and 0.54 ±0.09 respectively.The differences between bacterial infected group and control were of statistical significance(t values were 14.52,12.19,9.33 and 6.61 respectively,P ＜ 0.05),and the differences between fungal infected group and control were of statistical significance(t values were 16.27,12.34,7.85 and 6.49 respectively,P ＜ 0.05).The size,nuclear lobulation,and vacuoles of megakaryocytes in gram-negative(G-)bacteria group were 2.29 ±0.20,2.22 ±0.26 and 0.57 ±0.10,while those in the gram-positive(G+)bacteria group were 2.13 ±0.20,2.04 ±0.18 and 0.46 ±0.09,and the differences were also significant(t values were 2.07,3.03and 3.56 respectively,P ＜ 0.05).The production of platelet by megakaryocytes in bacterial infected group,in fungal infected and the control were 31.4 ±7.6,32.4 ±6.4 and 41.3 ±5.5,and the differences between bacterial infected group and control,fungal infected group and control were significant(t values were 4.78and 3.98 respectively,P ＜ 0.05).The production of platelet in G-bacteria group was 28.0 ± 6.7,while that in G + bacteria group was 34.4 ± 7.2,and the difference was also of statistical significance(t = 2.41,P ＜0.05). Conclusion Bacterial infected patients have increased megakaryocytes cell body,nuclear lobulation,obvious vacuolar degeneration,Yat nuclear and decreased platelet production function,which are more significant in G- bacteria infected group.

It has been well known that apoptosis induction and cell cycle arrest are typical biological effects observed in cancer cells after proteasome inhibition. TH2 is a new natural xanthone analogue isolated from the resin of Garcinia hurburyi tree. Here, the cell growth inhibition of TH2 on human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (Bel-7402) was evaluated in vitro using SRB assay. The treatment of 10 ?mol/L TH2 reduced the surviving fraction from 86% (12 h) to 17.2% (48 h). To assess whether TH2 induce apoptosis, the appearance of sub-G1 peak, a specific fraction for apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry analysis. Progressive increase in the percentage of apoptotic population was observed in a dose-and time-dependent manner. Furthermore, a cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), a marker of early apoptosis, was observed clearly when the cells exposed to 10 ?mol/L of TH2 for 24 h by immunoblotting analysis. In vitro activities of 20 S proteasome purified from human erythrocytes on fluorogenic peptide substrates revealed that TH2 inhibited the trypsin-like, chymotrypsin-like and peptidylglutamyl peptide hydrolyzing activities in dose-dependent manner. Moreover, the turnover of tumor suppressor p53, a sign of deregulation of cell cycle progression and apoptosis induction by classical proteasome inhibitors, was disrupted in Bel-7402 cells. All these data indicate that TH2 had inhibitory effect on the proliferation of Bel-7402 cells and induction of apoptosis, which might be related to its inhibition of proteasome.

Objective To investigate the protective effects of 1-hydroxy-2, 3, 5-trimethoxyxanthone (QGS) on acute lung injury of mice induced by ip lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Methods Mice were pretreated with QGS for 7 d. Murine models of acute lung injury were duplicated by injection of LPS 20 mg/kg intraperitoneally. In 12 h, the lung weight index was observed and the NO level in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was measured with kits. The lung was also assessd for the expression of I-?B, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-Ⅱ (COX-2) using Western blotting analysis. Lung pathological changes were also observed by HE in each group. Results The lung weight index of injury lung in mice induced by LPS was decreased in 500 mg/kg QGS group (P

AIM:To investigate the effects of MG132,one of the proteasomal peptide aldehydes inhibitors,on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced nuclear transcription factor-kappa B(NF-?B) activation,the production of nitric oxide(NO) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-?),as well as the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS) in murine macrophage line RAW264.7.METHODS:Reporter gene assay was used to examine the activity of NF-?B by pNiFty-SEAP/HEK293 cells,which were transfected with the pNiFty reporter plasmid into human embryo kidney cells(HEK293).Fluorescence substrate DAF-2DA was used to testify NO level in Raw264.7 cell line induced by LPS.Furthermore,the secretion of TNF-? was examined by ELISA.Western blotting was used to reveal the expression of iNOS and I?B-?.RESULTS:MG132 significantly decreased the secretion of TNF-? induced by LPS,with the inhibitory rates of 36.7% and 60.4% to 5 ?mol/L and 10 ?mol/L MG132,respectively.The pro-inflammatory mediator NO production was decreased in a dose-dependent manner with the inhibitory rates increasing from 29.5%(2 ?mol/L) to 55.9%(10 ?mol/L).Pretreatment with MG132 reduced the expression of iNOS,but restored the I?B restrain caused by LPS treatment.Observed by a reporter gene assay,TNF-?-induced NF-?B activity was decreased gradually by addition of increasing concentration of MG132(2.5-10 ?mol/L).CONCLUSION:Our results suggest an anti-inflammation effect of MG132 by the suppression of LPS-induced the production of pro-inflammatory mediators including NO and TNF-?,and the expression of iNOS,which probably mediates the blockage of I?B degradation and NF-?B activation.

Objective To assess the feasibility of applying intensity-modulated radiotherapy(IMRT)simultaneous integrated boost(SIB)to replace conventional radiotherapy(CR)plus brachytherapy of whole pelvis in locally advanced cervical eaneer(LACC).Methods Five LACC patients based difference position of uterus were chosen and worked out CR and IMRT SIB plans respectively.Dose distributions were compared between IMRT SIB and CR.Results When uterus was in ante-,neutral-,retro-pnsition and deviation respectively,IMRT SIB could provide enough and homogeneous dose distribution for target volume and reduce irradiated volumes and doses for organs at risk(recta,bladder and small intestine)than CR.The doses of the A,B,and fundus of uterus were higher in IMRT SIB than CR.However,in ease of small intestine was close to or encircled the uterus,the targets volume dose would be inadequacy.Conclusions LACC IMRT SIB's dose distribution is better than CR(except excess ante-position)and may help to treat those patients who couldn't be suitable with brachytherapy.

ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility of laparoscopy with simultaneous ERCP for cholecystolithiasis combined with common bile duct stones.MethodsThe clinical data of 150 cases with combined choledocholithiasis and cholecystolithiasis who underwent laparoscopy and simultaneous ERCP from November 2009 to March 2012 were analyzed retrospectively.Under general anesthesia,laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) was performed and followed by ERCP.Common bile duct stones were removed by ERCP and endoscopic nasobiliary drainage (ENBD)was placed.Therapeutic effect and complications were observed.ResultsLC and ERCP were successfully completed in all patients.There was no bleeding,perforation,severe pancreatitis or other severe complications occurred in any patient during and after operation.Postoperative gastrointestinal function recovery time and hospitalization were short.During follow-up,no residual or recurrent stones were found by abdominal ultrasound examination.Conclusion Simultaneous ERCP and laparoscopy is effective and safe treatment with less invasiveness and quick recovery for cholecystolithiasis combined with choledocholithiasis.

Objective To compare the newer antifungal agents micafungin and voriconazole for prophylaxis effects on the clinical outcomes.Methods We electronically searched the database of Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials,Pubmed,EMbase,China Biology Medicine (CBM),China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),and relevant database articles (1996.01-2014.12).Comparative studies were carried out on proved fungal infections,mortality,and adverse effects.Meta-analysis was performed by Review Manager 5.3 software.Results We found 1 564 records and 16 studies totaling 4 234patients included in analyses.Pooled comparisons of studies found that antifungal prophylaxis with the new agents did reduce the incidence of invasive fungal infections and transplant related mortality than fluconazole or itraconazole [OR =0.41 (0.21 ～ 0.80) and OR =0.40 (0.24 ～ 0.66),respectively,P ＜ 0.01].Voriconazole had higher rates of liver dysfunction,lower gastrointestinal side effects over fluconazole,and lower rates of nephrotoxic effects than amphotericin B.Voriconazole had significant decrease in adverse events requiring drug discontinuation compared to itraconazole [OR =0.43 (0.27 ～ 0.68),P ＜ 0.01].Conclusions This analysis indicated the 2 agents appear to be well tolerated with manageable side effects and beneficial in the prophylaxis of invasive fungal infection (IFI).

BACKGROUND: Studies of spinal biomechanics are conducted based on three-dimensional finite element model. The biomechanics of lower thoracic vertebra requires accurate and precise finite element models due to its structural characteristics. Currently, cervical and lumbar finite element models have been explored, but the studies of lower thoracic vertebra remains unclear.OBJECTIVE: Using reverse engineering software to reconstruct three-dimensional finite element model of lower thoracic vertebra, to lay a foundation for further biomechanical research. METHODS: imaging samples of one case with no spinal disease or osteoporosis were selected from Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical College. Informed content was obtained. Using non-spinal-disease CT data, three-dimensional finite element model Of lower thoracic vertebrae and intervertebral discs were reconstructed with Mimics, Gomagic and Ansys softwares. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Using reverse engineering software in combination with CT technique, the three-dimensional finite element model of lower thoracic vertebrae was reconstructed. The model accurately showed their anatomic characteristics and discrimination of inner structure. The lower thoracic vertebrae was divided into 112 540 tetrahedron elements. Results show that using reverse engineering software, a three-dimensional finite element model of lower thoracic vertebrae was successfully reconstructed, with high efficiency of establishment and simple operation.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of uvulopalatopharyngoplasty on change of serum erythropoietin levels in patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) treatment. METHOD: Fifty-nine patients with OSAHS were treated through uvulopalatopharyngoplasty. Observing follow indexes of pre and postoperation: pharyngeal space, neck size. Pre and post-operative serum erythropoietin levels were detected. RESULT: Neck size, AHI, BMI, SaO2, distance between anterior pillars, distance between uvula and posterior wall, length of palatum, length of uvula and minimum sekar of pharynx oralis in preoperative patients were significant higher than those in postoperative patients (P<0.01). Neck size, BMI and minimum sekar of pharynx oralis in postoperative patients were significant higher than those in normal adults (P<0.01). There were no significant difference between postoperative patients and normal adults in distance between anterior pillars, distance between uvula and posterior wall, length of palatum, length of uvula (P>0.01). The level of EPO in preoperative patients were significant higher than that in postoperative patients (P<0.01). There was no significant difference between postoperative patients and normal adults in the level of EPO (P>0.01). CONCLUSION The level of EPO in OSAHS patients is higher than that in normal adults. It was correlative with AHI. The uvulopalatopharyngoplasty was efficacious in treatment of OSAHS. The levels of EPO were decreased through efficacious treatment.
Adult ; Aged ; Erythropoietin ; blood ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Palate ; surgery ; Pharynx ; surgery ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; blood ; surgery ; Uvula ; surgery ; Young Adult

DNA ; DNA Fingerprinting ; Homicide ; Humans